The Reservoir Heterogeneity Characteristics and Affecting Factors of Tight Lacustrine Dolomite Reservoirs
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摘要: 渤海湾盆地塘沽地区沙三5亚段发育湖相含油泥质白云岩层系，油藏顶面埋深2 800~3 600 m，属于中深-深层的断块-岩性油藏，储层为致密裂缝白云岩.本文通过岩心观察、实验室分析、压力测试、裂缝分析等手段，重点研究了致密白云岩储层岩石相、储集性、复杂含油性和油藏不均一性特征，分析了成藏主控因素及成藏模式.研究表明：储层岩性以白云岩、泥质白云岩为主，为中-低孔、低渗-特低渗的裂缝-孔隙型储层，储集空间主要为晶间孔、溶孔、裂缝及溶缝；超压与含油性密切相关，超压断块井均中高产、含水率低于20%且呈持续降低趋势，常压断块井均低产、含水率高于55%且稳定-上升趋势；白云岩层系内厚层泥岩为优质烃源岩，提供充足油源；断层封闭性控制油气聚集，进而控制生烃型超压的分布，超压成为油气富集的重要标志；油气充注晚于断块-岩性圈闭形成时间，使油气充注有效.Abstract: Lacustrine argillaceous dolomite reservoir has been found the Ⅲ-5 Member of Shahejie Formation, Tanggu District, Bohai Bay Basin, China, which buried depth is 2 800-3 600 m and keeps oil in the fault block-lithologic argillaceous dolomite reservoir. Considering structure and sedimentary background, the research summarizes reservoir characteristics mainly includes lithologic character, reservoir property and hydrocarbon distribution. At the same time, the paper provides the controlling factors and pattern of hydrocarbon accumulation through integrated analysis of source-reservoir-seal combination and evolution of tectonics, diagenesis and hydrocarbon accumulation. The results show that reservoir lithologic is mainly dolomite and argillaceous dolomite and belongs to fracture-pore reservoir of ultra low porosity and permeability, whose reservoir space, to a large extent, includes intercrystalline pore, secondary dissolved pore, dissolved fractures and fractures. Overpressure is closely correlated with the hydrocarbon distribution. The overpressure wells show medium-high production and their water cuts are under 20% with a continuing downward trend; while instead, the normal wells show low production and water cuts are above 55% owning a smooth or upward trend. Mudstone is high-quality source rocks and can supply enough oil to dolomite reservoir. The quantity of hydrocarbon generation and reserves capacity of dolomite are both closely relevant to abundant algae laminae. Fault sealing controls the hydrocarbon accumulation and distribution of overpressure, whose one of the main driving force is hydrocarbon generation. The overpressure has been the significant mark of hydrocarbon enrichment. The hydrocarbon-charging time is behind the fault sealing, thus hydrocarbon-charging is effective.
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图 1 塘沽地区沙三5段顶面构造、井位分布及生产特征图
据赵耀等(2016)修改
Fig. 1. Top surface structure map with wells position and producting properties of Es35 in Tangguo area
图 4 白云岩储集空间特征
a.豆状溶孔，白云岩，3 144.96 m；b.针状溶孔，白云岩，3 142.31 m；c.晶间孔，SEM图像，泥质白云岩，3 121.70 m(资料来自南京大学)；d.方沸石充填的微裂缝，单偏光，10×5倍，泥质白云岩，3 131.05 m；e.藻纹层与针状溶孔，白云岩，3 151.12 m；f.变形藻纹层与针状溶孔，白云岩，3 152.31 m；g.藻纹层与石英长石碎屑层，单偏光，10×5倍，白云岩，3 160.39 m；h.藻纹层与泥质纹层，单偏光，10×10倍，白云岩，3 143.17 m
Fig. 4. Reservoir space of dolomite rock
图 7 有机质类型、成熟度(a)及烃源岩评价(b)
Fig. 7. Organic matter type, maturity (a), and the evaluation of the hydrocarbon source rocks (b)
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