The Sedimentary Architecture Characteristics and Fluid System of the Deep Sea Turbidite-Lobe Complex Sandbodies:A Case Study of the Deep-Water Region in the Niger Delta Front
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摘要: 尼日尔三角洲前缘浊积扇朵叶复合体是西非深水区重要的勘探开发目标，但相关的沉积构成特征与油气水系统研究相对滞后.通过对地震相识别、地震属性刻画、岩心观察及钻井储层进行对比分析，并对研究区的朵叶复合体的沉积构成及储层地质特征进行了研究；依据MDT（mouldar formation dynamics tester）和DST（drill stem testing）测试资料，对朵叶复合体的油气水系统进行了探讨.K油田深海浊积扇朵叶复合砂体在地震剖面上外形呈丘状，内部为弱反射，与泥岩分界面为强振幅反射面，在空间上具有侧向和沿古水流方向迁移的多期叠置特征，平面上呈扇形或"舌状"；测井相以钟形或箱型为主，与周围泥岩呈突变接触；每期朵叶均由朵叶主体和朵叶侧缘构成，重力流水道较为发育.朵叶复合体中的块状砂岩是油田开发的优质储层，该类砂体分布面积相对较大，横向连续性好；目的层段发育多套独立的朵叶复合体油气水系统，每个单一的朵叶复合体油藏上下均受厚度较大的泥岩分隔，具有形成简单完整、统一压力系统、高速渗流能力且水体能量充足的高产油藏的有利条件.K油田朵叶复合体内部结构清晰、砂体侧向连通性好且具有统一油水系统，可作为大陆边缘三角洲前缘深水区富泥背景下深水油气田勘探和开发研究的典型范例.Abstract: The turbidite lobe complex sandbodies of the Niger Delta front are major oil and gas exploration targets in the deep-water area of the West Africa. But the study of the sedimentary architecture and fluid system is still insufficient. Based on the seismic facies, seismic attributes, core data and drilling reservoir correlation analysis, the characteristics of the sedimentary architecture and geological characteristics of the reservoirs in the study area were comprehensively studied. Besides, the fluid system of the lobe complex sandbodies is also discussed according to the MDT (mouldar formation dynamics tester) and DST (drill stem testing) data. In seismic profiles, the lobe complex sandbodies always with moderate amplitude characteristics and multiple stages can be seen upward. The sandbodies display migration in both lateral and along the paleocurrent direction and present meandering strip on the plane. The log facies of the complex sandbodies mainly correspond to bell shaped-box type, and always with a mutation contact with surrounding mudstone. Each lobe is composed of main lobe and side lobe, and the gravity flow channel is widely developed. The massive sandstone is a high quality reservoir in the oilfield, and the distribution area of the sandbodies is relatively on large scale. The sandbodies developed several sets of fluid system and the lobe reservoir was controlled by mudstone thickness partition, which may have favorable conditions to form a simple and unified pressure system with sufficient water energy. Thus, the sedimentary architecture of the complex sandbodies in the K oilfield is clear, and it has a unified fluid system, which can be used as a typical example of the petroleum exploration in the deep water area and mud-rich setting.
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Key words:
- Niger Delta /
- lobe complex sandbodies /
- sedimentary architecture /
- fluid system /
- petroleum geology
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图 2 K油田A、B、C、D、E、F和G油组储层地震反射剖面
Fig. 2. Seismic reflection characteristic of A, B, C, D, E, F and G reservoir for K oilfield
图 3 K-2井朵叶复合体测井相与地震相特征
剖面位置见图 2
Fig. 3. K-2 well log facies and seismic facies of the channel-lobe complex and the lobe complex
图 5 K油田D油组水道-朵叶复合体叠置模式
Fig. 5. Overlap model of channel-lobe complex for D reservoir in K oilfield
图 7 D~F油组均方根属性岩性平面分布
朵叶体E中标出了朵叶体D与朵叶体F的边界
Fig. 7. Seismic attribute and sand distribution description for D-F reservoir
图 6 K油田水道和朵叶复合体均方根属性分布特征
A-a、A-b和A-c是A复合体中的水道，A-d是分布于A复合体底部的朵叶复合体
Fig. 6. Seismic attribute of channels and lobe in K oilfield
图 8 典型重力流水道和朵叶复合体块状砂岩的沉积构造及储层物性特征
Fig. 8. The typical sedimentary structure and reservoir physical property of massive sandstone for gravity channel and lobe complex
表 1 K油田D~H油组朵叶类型划分
Table 1. The lobe classification of D-H reservoir for K oilfield
相 微相 垂向层序沉积特征 油组 深海浊积扇 水道发育的朵叶复合体 常位于水道末端，朵叶体中晚期多发育废弃水道，规模大于决口朵叶体.岩性为厚砂层、细~粗砂与泥岩互层，发育向上变粗的沉积序列. D油组 水道不发育的朵叶复合体 位于水道侧翼或前端，其沉积物比水道化朵叶粒度细，块状层理. E、F、G油组 
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表 2 K油田重力流水道和朵叶复合体储层物性特征统计
Table 2. The reservoir physical characteristics statistical table for gravity flow channel and lobe complex in K oilfield
砂体成因类型 孔隙度(%)范围
平均值(样品数)渗透率(mD)范围
平均值(样品数)油组 重力流水道 14.05~36.74
24.21(158)20.59~4 505.31
1 413.05(158)A-a、A-b、A-c、B、C 朵叶复合体 19.53~31.63
24.99(50)216.43~3 585.43
1 107.46(50)A-d、D、E、F、G
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表 3 储层类岩石相物性特征统计
Table 3. The statistical table about the physical properties of the reservoir lithofacies
岩石相类型 孔隙度变化范围(%)
算术平均值(样品数)渗透率变化范围(mD)
算术平均值/几何平均值(样品数)交错层状砂岩 23.83~37.34
31.02(35)22.17~2 806.92
707.10/469.20(35)块状中~细粒砂岩 17.23~33.94
24.82(89)23.71~5 883.33
995.00/546.90(89)块状砾质~粗粒砂岩 16.53~30.64
23.25(109)52.78~4 531.52
1 409.30/890.50(109)块状含泥屑砾质~粗粒砂岩 21.76~24.58
20.34(12)0.94~2 743.51
735.80/387.30(12)底部滞留砂砾岩 14.05~24.90
18.25(32)20.59~2 868.70
966.60/609.70(32)
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