Advances of the Source-to-Sink Units and Coupling Model Research in Continental Basin
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摘要: 源－汇系统研究已成为世界范围内地球科学领域广为关注的重要课题.陆相盆地作为源－汇系统研究的重要方面，相对于洋陆边缘源－汇系统，其源－汇系统要素多样、过程复杂、沉积体系多变，耦合模型预测难度大，且尚处于起步阶段.陆相盆地源－汇系统研究主要集中于驱动机制及地球动力学过程、深时古气候、沉积盆地古物源区演化恢复与古水系重建、源－汇系统要素分析及剥蚀－搬运－沉积过程单因素分析与耦合模式探讨.基于钻井、岩心、分析化验数据的多方法物源示踪分析与三维地震数据的地震地貌学或地震沉积学分析，为地下陆相盆地古源区恢复、古水系重建及沉积体系的沉积地貌和沉积过程研究提供了重要的技术支撑.关注不同母岩区源－汇系统差异，开展现代考察与古代源－汇相结合，并尝试定量化源－汇系统耦合－过程研究，最终形成工业化标准与规范是陆相盆地源－汇研究的发展趋势.Abstract: Source-to-Sink (S2S) system has attracted a wide attention, and currently becomes the important issues covered in earth science field. As important composing of S2S, the continental basin, unlike marine continental margin basin, consist of multiple units or elements, complex sediment process, various sedimentary system, and unpredictable coupling model in the source to sink system. However, at present such domestic concern of S2S in the continental basin is still at an early stage. The S2S system in the continental basins consist essentially of sediment supply, transport and depositional dynamic processes and mechanisms, deep-time paleoclimate and S2S analysis, the morphological and sedimentological aspect of erosional-depositional systems, elemental analysis and coupling model investigation of S2S system. Multiple methods in sediment tracing based on borehole, core and other test data to reveal paleo-provenance and reconstruct paleo-drainage in the continental basin. Then, seismic geomorphology or sedimentology based on high resolution 3D seismic data provides a tool for study of subsurface depositional geomorphology and processes. Focus on S2S relationships for various source-rock combinations, new method for S2S study by integrating modern system and subsurface interpretation, establishment of quantitative relationship from source to sink, and form industrial application standard are the research trends of S2S system in the continental basins.
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图 1 洋陆边缘盆地(a)与陆相盆地(b, c)源－汇系统地貌带分布与沉积-剥蚀作用
Fig. 1. Distribution of regional geomorphologic units in the source to sink system from the continent to ocean (a) or lacustrine basins (b, c)
图 2 洋陆边缘盆地与陆相盆地源－汇系统要素及耦合关系差异对比
Fig. 2. Correlation of Source-to-Sink units and relationships in marine basins and non-marine basins
图 3 剥蚀古地貌恢复重建示意
粉色区对应为T2至T3间剥蚀(物源区)与沉积地层(沉积区)；绿色区对应为T1至T2间剥蚀与沉积地层；黄色区对应为T0与T1间剥蚀与沉积地层; 据Helland-Hansen et al.(2016)修改
Fig. 3. Landscape interpolation involves the reconstruction of past source terrains (T1, T2, T3) by interpolating and extrapolating partly preserved landscape elements
图 4 陆相湖盆沉积物源搬运通道模式
Fig. 4. A conceptual model of sediment transport pathway for the continental lacustrine basins
图 5 渤南低凸起周缘源－汇系统特征
不同母岩区对应的南、北两侧凹陷沉积供给通量差异对比
Fig. 5. Source-to-Sink studies between the Bonan lower uplift and its arounding sags
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