Micro-Nano Pore Structure Characteristics in the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Shale, Northeast Chongqing
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摘要: 中国南方下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩是目前页岩气勘探的主要目的层位之一，然而在渝东北地区其勘探效果不尽如人意，原因在于其孔隙结构特征并未清楚.采用聚焦离子束扫描电子显微镜、纳米C和气体吸附实验等方法对渝东北地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩微纳米孔隙结构进行了定量表征.结果表明，牛蹄塘组页岩的微纳米孔隙类型主要为无机质孔隙，包括粒间孔和粒内孔，而N2吸附滞后环类型属于4型，对应孔隙类型为单边狭缝型孔隙；牛蹄塘组页岩的平均总孔体积为0.0317mL/g，平均总比表面积为34.7m2/g.牛蹄塘组页岩过高的演化程度导致有机质孔隙不发育，进而导致其微纳米孔隙具有较差的连通性；中孔贡献了绝大部分的孔体积，而微孔则贡献了相对较多的比表面积.Abstract: Lower Cambrian Niututang Formation shale in south China is one of the main target zones for shale gas exploration. However, the exploration of shale in northeastern Chongqing is not satisfactory as the pore structure of the shale is unclear. This study examined pores in shale samples from the Niutitang Formation using focused ion-beam scanning electron microscopy, nano-CT, and gas adsorption analysis. Results show that pores in Niutitang shale are rare and have small diameters and poor connectivity. Most Niutitang-shale pores are inorganic pores, including intraparticle and intergranular pores. N2 adsorption hysteresis loop of Niutitang shale belongs to type H4 corresponding to narrow slit pore. The average total pore volume of the Niutitang shale is 0.0317mL/g, and the average total surface area is 34.57m2/g. Over-high thermal evolution degree resulting small number of organic pores and poor connectivity of micro-nano pores in Niutitang shale. Mesopores contributed most of the pore volume and micropores contributed more pore surface area than that of mesopores.
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Key words:
- northeast Chongqing /
- lower Cambrian /
- the Niutitang shale /
- pore structure /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 扬子地台渝东北地区位置及牛蹄塘组页岩井位分布
Fig. 1. The location of northeast Chongqing of the Yangtze block and well distribution of the Niutitang shale
图 4 牛蹄塘组页岩微纳米孔隙发育及分布特征
a~d.有机质孔；e.粒内孔和粒间孔；f~h.粒间孔；i~l.粒内孔
Fig. 4. Micro-nano pores development and distribution characteristics of the Niutitang shale
图 5 牛蹄塘组页岩三维孔隙网络提取及连通性特征
Fig. 5. Pore network extraction and connectivity characteristics of the Niutitang shale from Nano-CT images
图 6 N2吸附/脱附滞后环类型及其对应的孔隙类型
据国际纯粹与应用化学联合会(IUPAC)
Fig. 6. Main pore types in shale analyzed by N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms
图 7 牛蹄塘组页岩N2吸附/脱附滞后环特征
Fig. 7. N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms for the Niutitang shale
图 9 牛蹄塘组页岩微-中孔比表面积分布
Fig. 9. Micro-mesopores surface area distribution of the Niutitang shale
表 1 牛蹄塘组页岩微-中孔体积和比表面积
Table 1. Micro-meso pores volume and surface area of the Niutitang shale
样品 微孔体积(mL/g) 微孔比表面积(m2/g) 中孔体积(mL/g) 中孔比表面积(m2/g) 总孔体积(mL/g) 总孔比表面积(m2/g) CQ1-1 0.004 9 14.51 0.036 8 22.86 0.041 7 37.37 CO1-2 0.004 8 14.89 0.020 6 12.14 0.025 4 27.03 CQ1-3 0.003 0 8.10 0.015 6 10.16 0.018 6 18.26 CQ2-1 0.007 9 24.61 0.021 0 11.60 0.028 9 36.21 CQ2-2 0.006 3 18.80 0.032 0 21.26 0.038 3 40.07 CQ2-3 0.005 0 15.69 0.027 4 14.57 0.032 5 30.25 CQ3-1 0.010 1 29.77 0.031 3 22.90 0.041 4 52.67 CQ3-2 0.006 3 18.74 0.016 0 10.32 0.022 3 29.06 CQ3-3 0.007 3 21.11 0.028 9 19.14 0.036 3 40.25 平均 0.006 2 18.47 0.025 5 16.11 0.031 7 34.57 
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表 2 牛蹄塘组页岩微-中孔的体积和比表面积占比
Table 2. Proportion of micro-meso pores volume and surface area of the Niutitang shale
样品 微孔体积占比(%) 微孔比表面积占比(%) 中孔体积占比(%) 中孔比表面积占比(%) CQ1-1 11.79 38.83 88.21 61.17 CQ1-2 18.86 55.10 81.14 44.90 CQ1-3 16.06 44.35 83.94 55.65 CQ2-1 27.35 67.96 72.65 32.04 CQ2-2 16.38 46.93 83.62 53.07 CQ2-3 15.52 51.85 84.48 48.15 CQ3-1 24.35 56.52 75.65 43.48 CQ3-2 28.22 64.49 71.78 35.51 CQ3-3 20.17 52.44 79.83 47.56 平均 19.49 53.42 80.51 46.58
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