Differential Enrichment Mechanism and Key Technology of Shale Gas in Complex Areas of South China
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摘要: 针对我国南方海相富有机质页岩时空非均质强、热演化程度高、构造演化历史复杂、页岩气具差异富集和保存条件多样等特点，采用多学科方法对南方五峰组-龙马溪组海相页岩气区进行精细解剖，形成了针对南方复杂地区海相高过成熟页岩气评价参数表征的多项关键技术.研究结果显示富泥硅质页岩和富泥/硅混合质页岩是五峰组-龙马溪组的优质岩相；页岩中孔和宏孔提供了主要的孔体积，微-纳米孔隙结构特征受页岩组分及其孔隙发育程度双重控制；页岩气富集演化具二高、三复杂特点（古温度高，热演化程度高，温压演化复杂，页岩气赋存方式复杂及保存条件复杂）.研究中所提出的页岩岩相表征和优选技术、多尺度储集空间全息表征技术、海相页岩复杂演化改造过程表征技术、初步形成的甜点评价参数体系表征方法可有效地应用于南方五峰组-龙马溪组海相页岩气评价.研究成果可为南方页岩气基础地质调查工程提供技术支撑.Abstract: In view of the characteristics of strong temporal and spatial heterogeneity, high thermal maturity, complex tectonic evolution, differential enrichment and various preservation conditions of shale gas in southern China, multidisciplinary methods are applied to further study the Wufeng-Longmaxi marine shale gas, and a number of key technologies are developed to characterize the evaluation parameters of marine shale gas with over-high maturity in the complex geologic areas of southern China. The results show that argillaceous siliceous shales and argillaceous/siliceous mixed shales are the advantageous lithofacies in the Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation. The meso-pore and macro-pore make a great contribution to the pore volume, and the micro-nano pore structure is controlled by mineral composition and porosity development. The enrichment and evolution of shale gas are characterized by high paleotemperature, high thermal evolution, complex evolution of temperature and pressure, complicated conditions for shale gas occurrence and preservation. The Wufeng-Longmaxi marine shale gas could be effectively evaluated in terms of technologies of lithofacies optimization, the characterization of pore space from macroscopic and microscopic perspectives, the complex evolution process of marine shale, and the evaluation parameters for sweet spots of shale gas. The research results can provide technical support for the basic geological survey of shale gas in southern China.
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Key words:
- shale gas /
- Wufeng Formation /
- Longmaxi Formation /
- enrichment mechanism /
- key technology /
- Yangtze area /
- petroleum geology
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图 2 南方五峰组-龙马溪组页岩粘土矿物-碳酸盐矿物-硅质三端元图
Fig. 2. Ternary diagram of clay minerals-carbonates-siliciclastic minerals in the Wufeng-Longmaxi shales of southern China
图 3 南方五峰组-龙马溪组页岩优质岩相的评价参数
Fig. 3. Evaluation of advantageous shale lithofacies in the Wufeng-Longmaxi shales of southern China
图 4 渝东南地区五峰组-龙马溪组页岩流体注入曲线
a.高压压汞；b.N2吸附；c.CO2吸附
Fig. 4. Fluid injection curves of the Wufeng-Longmaxi shales in southeastern Chongqing area
图 5 渝东南地区五峰组-龙马溪组页岩全孔径分布特征
Fig. 5. The whole-aperture distribution of the Wufeng-Longmaxi shales in southeastern Chongqing area
图 6 渝东南地区五峰组-龙马溪组页岩组成成分与面孔率分布
Fig. 6. The relationship between pore volume distribution and mineral composition of the Wufeng-Longmaxi shales in southeastern Chongqing area
图 7 渝东南地区五峰组-龙马溪组页岩面孔率和累积面孔率分布
Fig. 7. Surface porosity distribution of the Wufeng-Longmaxi shales in southeastern Chongqing area
图 8 页岩样品在热成熟过程中产生的甲烷的来源与贡献
Fig. 8. The source and contribution of methane produced during thermal maturation of shale samples
图 9 有机质成熟度Ro与芳香族C=C谱带向最小波数Wmin移动现象的关系
Fig. 9. The relationship of maturation and the shift of the aromatic C=C bands of kerogens towards a minimum wave number Wmin
图 10 焦石坝地区五峰组-龙马溪组页岩压力演化
Fig. 10. The pressure evolution of the Wufeng-Longmaxi shales in the Jiaoshiba area
图 11 焦石坝地区五峰组-龙马溪组综合柱状图(a)和TOC与硅质含量的关系(b)
Fig. 11. The stratigraphic column (a) and the relations between TOC and siliceous content (b) of the Wufeng-Longmaxi shales in the Jiaoshiba area
图 12 焦石坝地区五峰组-龙马溪组富有机质页岩的测井曲线响应特征
Fig. 12. The response characteristics of log curves of the Wufeng-Longmaxi organic-rich shales in the Jiaoshiba area
表 1 基于QEMSCAN的渝东南地区五峰组-龙马溪组页岩组成成分
Table 1. Contents of the minerals and organic matter of the four Wufeng-Longmaxi shale samples from the QEMSCAN results in southeastern Chongqing area
样品 井名 深度(m) 石英(%) 长石(%) 碳酸盐矿物(%) 粘土矿物(%) 黄铁矿(%) TOC(%) SG-1 Jy1 2 383 91.56 2.75 0.95 2.47 1.61 0.63 SG-2 Yc4 692 74.92 10.83 4.22 5.83 1.77 2.23 SG-3 Jy1 2 365 49.04 14.36 18.51 8.31 2.70 6.98 SG-4 Yc4 661 35.55 13.22 4.00 45.61 1.77 0.54 
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表 2 南方五峰组-龙马溪组页岩气甜点区评价参数
Table 2. The evaluation parameters for the sweet spots of the Wufeng-Longmaxi shale gas, southern China
参数类型 参数 甜点区 一般区 优质岩相 有机碳含量 ＞2 ＜2 高碳富泥硅质页岩厚度(m) ＞20 ＜20 储集空间 总孔隙度(%) ＞5 ＜5 页理缝 发育 不发育 保存条件 断裂与裂缝 不发育 较发育 压力系数 ＞1.2 ＜1.2 经济性 含气量(m3/t) ＞3 ＜3 游离气相对含量(%) ＞50 ＜50
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