洞庭盆地S3-7孔第四纪年代地层

赵举兴; 李长安; 张玉芬; 强小科; 熊德强

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2016.052

洞庭盆地S3-7孔第四纪年代地层

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2016.052

1.
中国地质大学地球科学学院，湖北武汉 430074
2.
中国地质大学生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室，湖北武汉 430074
3.
中国地质大学地球物理与空间信息学院，湖北武汉 430074
4.
中国科学院地球环境研究所黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室，陕西西安 710075

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41440002

中国地质调查局项目 1212011121142

详细信息

作者简介:
赵举兴(1986-)，男，博士生，主要从事第四纪地质学方面的研究. E-mail: zhaojuxing1986@126.com

通讯作者:
张玉芬, E-mail: zhyfcug@163.com

中图分类号: P642.22
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2015-09-29
- 刊出日期: 2016-04-15

Quaternary Chronostratigraphy of Borehole S3-7 in Dongting Basin

1.
School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
3.
Institute of Geophysics & Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
4.
State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710075, China

摘要

摘要: 洞庭盆地的形成与演化对长江中游乃至中国中部的地质环境变迁具有重要意义，但区内的第四纪年代地层研究一直不足.以洞庭盆地沉积中心——沅江凹陷的典型钻孔S3-7孔(孔深255.1 m)为研究对象，在详细的沉积物岩性描述和岩石地层划分的基础上，系统地进行了古地磁、ESR、AMS¹⁴C等测试，并建立了S3-7孔的年代地层序列.通过与其他两口典型钻孔的对比分析，初步建立了研究区的区域年代地层格架，结果显示洞庭盆地沉积中心下更新统底界位于各钻孔底部240~300 m，中更新统底界位于90~95 m，上更新统底界位于28~50 m，全新统底界位于1.5~3.1 m.平均沉积速率和分段线性方程的结果表明洞庭盆地覆盖第四纪区岩石地层单位的时代为：华田组的地质年龄为2 590~1 600 ka BP，湘阴组的地质年龄为1 600~920 ka BP，洞庭湖组的地质年龄为920~120 ka BP，安乡组的地质年龄为120~11 ka BP，全新统的地质年龄为11 ka BP至今.
- 洞庭盆地 /
- 第四纪 /
- 年代地层 /
- 古地磁 /
- 地质年代学 /
- 地层学
Abstract: The formation and evolution of the Dongting basin are important for understanding the geological environmental evolution of the middle Yangtze drainage and even central China. However, Quaternary chronostratigraphy is still controversial in the area. In this study, one continuous borehole S3-7 with a depth of 255.1 m was taken from the Yuanjiang depression, the deposition center of the Dongting basin. Based on detailed stratigraphic and lithological interpretations, the borehole was dated by paleomagnetism, ESR and AMS¹⁴C, to establish its chronostratigraphic sequence. Compared with other two typical boreholes, the Quaternary chronostratigraphic sequence of the Dongting basin was established. The results suggest that the Plio-Pleistocene and Early-Middle Pleistocene boundaries of the central Dongting basin are located at the depths of 240-300 m and 90-95 m, respectively, and the boundaries of Middle-Late Pleistocene and Pleistocene/Holocene are located at the depths of 28-50 m and 1.5-3.1 m, respectively. Average deposition rate and piecewise linear equation show that the timing of lithological units in coverage area are as follows: 2 590-1 600 ka BP for the Huatian Formation, 1 600-920 ka BP for the Xiangyin Formation, 920-120 ka BP for the Dongtinghu Formation, 120-11 ka BP for the Anxiang Formation and younger than 11 ka BP for the Holocene.
- Dongting basin /
- Quaternary /
- chronostratigraphy /
- paleomagnetism /
- geochronology /
- stratigraphy

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图 1 洞庭盆地典型钻孔位置

Fig. 1. Location of typical boreholes in the Dongting basin

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图 2 洞庭盆地第四系划分

括号内为各岩石地层单位代号.《湖南省区域地质志》对洞庭盆地第四系只划分了更新统和全新统，并未将更新统三分，同时该专著中未系统列出各岩石地层代号

Fig. 2. Division of Quaternary in the Dongting basin

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图 3 S3-7孔综合地层划分

Fig. 3. Division of integrated stratigraphy in the borehole S3-7

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图 4 安乡凹陷－沅江凹陷地层对比

为统一对比，本文将ZKC01孔(柏道远，2010)的坡头组改为安乡组；将ZK1孔(张建新等，2007)全新世团州组和赤沙组合并为全新统；由于S3-7孔与ZK1孔下伏基岩为小木坪组，ZKC01孔下伏基岩为马底驿组，图中未标出华田组下段的下伏岩石地层单位

Fig. 4. Stratigraphic correlation of Anxiang and Yuanjiang depression

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表 1 洞庭盆地覆盖区第四纪岩石地层单位划分及主要岩性特征

Table 1. Division and characteristics of Quaternary lithostratigraphical units in the Dongting basin coverage area

地层	组(代号)	主要岩性特征
全新统	未分组(Qh)	青灰、褐黄色、灰黑色黏土、粉砂及细砂层，偶见砾石，个别地层含螺蚌壳化石及含腐殖物残骸炭化木；一般厚度小于25 m.
上更新统	安乡组(Qp₃a)	总体颜色为褐黄色，上部为褐黄色黏土、粉砂及细砂层，下部为含细砾砂层，未经暴露的可能为青灰色，含铁锰薄膜或结核；厚度可达20~30 m.
中更新统	洞庭湖组上段(Qp₂dt³)	总体颜色为褐黄色，上部为褐黄、灰黑色黏土、粉砂，下部为褐黄色、灰色含砾砂层、砾石层；一般厚20 m，个别可达50 m.
	洞庭湖组中段(Qp₂dt²)	总体颜色为黄-褐黄色，上部为褐黄、灰黑色黏土、粉砂，下部为褐黄色、灰色含砾砂层、砾石层，通常由两期沉积旋回构成；一般厚20 m，个别可达80 m.
	洞庭湖组下段(Qp₂dt¹)	总体颜色为褐黄-青灰色，上部为灰绿、绛红色黏土、粉砂，下部为褐黄色、灰色含砾砂层、砾石层一般厚30 m，个别可达90 m.
下更新统	湘阴组(Qp₁xy)	总体颜色为青灰色，上部为灰绿、灰黑色黏土、粉砂，下部为褐灰色、灰色含砾砂层、砾石层；一般厚60 m，个别可达100 m.
	华田组上段(Qp₁ht²)	总体颜色为青灰色，上部为以绛红色为主的杂色黏土，下部为褐灰色、灰色含砾砂层、砾石层；杂色黏土是与湘阴组的分层标志；一般厚40~60 m，个别可达100 m.
	华田组下段(Qp₁ht¹)	总体颜色为青灰色，上部为以绛红色、灰绿色为主的杂色黏土，下部为褐灰色、灰色含砾砂层、砾石层；出现大量炭化木碎屑；一般厚30~40 m，个别可达100 m.

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表 2 S3-7孔第四纪岩石地层及沉积环境

Table 2. Quaternary lithostratigraphical units and sedimentary environments of the borehole S3-7

地质时代	岩石地层	代号	地层特征及沉积序列
全新世	全新统	Qh	包括最顶部的1个岩性层，由一期沉积旋回组成，与下伏安乡组假整合接触.底部为褐黄色粉砂质黏土与青灰色黏土互层，顶部为浅褐色粉砂质黏土层.沉积环境由缓流的河漫滩沉积到静水湖沼沉积.厚3.04 m
更新世	安乡组	Qp₃a	包括2~6等5个岩性层，由一期沉积旋回组成，与下伏洞庭湖组假整合接触.底部为浅青灰色细砾石层，略显正粒序结构；中部为褐黄色细-中砂层；顶部为褐黄色黏土质粉砂层，见铁锰结核.沉积环境由河流沉积逐渐过渡为缓流或静水湖相沉积.厚25.46 m
	洞庭湖组上段	Qp₂dt³	包括7~12等6个岩性层，由三期沉积旋回组成.底部为黄-褐黄色含细砾粗砂层，上覆褐黄色粗砂层；中部为黄色含细砾粗砂层，上覆褐黄色、绛红色黏土互层；顶部为深褐黄色细砾石层，上覆浅褐黄色含砾粗砂层.该段出现较厚的砾石层，反映出河流水动力的增强.厚31.41 m
	洞庭湖组中段	Qp₂dt²	包括13~16等4个岩性层，由两期沉积旋回组成.底部为褐黄色含细砾粗砂层，上覆粉红、浅紫色为主的杂色黏土与粉砂质黏土互层，偶见铁壳；中部为褐黄色含砾中-粗砂层；顶部为褐黄色中-粗砂层.中段含砾砂层厚度明显增大，反映该段水动力一直较强.厚23.82 m
	洞庭湖组下段	Qp₂dt¹	包括17~23等7个岩性层，由三期沉积旋回组成.底部为褐黄-青灰色含细砾粗砂层，偶见白云母碎片，上覆褐黄-青灰色细砂层及黏土层；中部为褐黄-青灰色含细砾中-粗砂层，夹褐黄色、灰黑色、黑绿色花纹；顶部为绛红色、褐黄色、青灰色黏土互层.三期沉积旋回中沉积物的二元结构明显，为典型的河流沉积，同时三期沉积旋回底部均为含砾粗砂，向上为中-粗砂或黏土，反映经历了三期下部为河流急流相沉积而顶部缓流或静水沉积.厚24.81 m
	湘阴组	Qp₁xy	包括24~30等7个岩性层，由四期沉积旋回组成，与下伏华田组整合接触.底部为青灰色细-中砂层，见大量白云母碎片，上覆青灰色粉砂质黏土层；中部为青灰色、褐黄色含细砾粗砂层，偶见白云母碎片；顶部为青灰色中-粗砂层，多见白云母碎片与铁锰结核.总体上为河流沉积为主的河湖交替的沉积环境.厚66.00 m
	华田组上段	Qp₁ht²	包括31~35等5个岩性层，由两期沉积旋回组成.底部为青灰色含细砾中-粗砂，上覆青灰色、黑灰色粉砂与杂色粉砂质黏土互层；中部为青灰色、褐黄色含细砾细砂层，偶见白云母碎片；顶部为绛红色为主的杂色粉砂质黏土与黏土互层，偶见铁壳.该段同样为河湖频繁交替的沉积特征.厚34.74 m
	华田组下段	Qp₁ht¹	包括36~39等4个岩性层，由两期沉积旋回组成.底部为青灰色细砂层，上覆绛红色为主的杂色粉砂质黏土与黏土互层，见大量铁锰结核；中部为青灰色细砂层，多见炭化木块；顶部为青灰色、灰黑色粉砂质黏土互层，偶见炭化木块.该段的沉积环境大致经历了河流相→湖泊相→河流相→湖泊相的演变.厚35.35 m

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表 3 S3-7孔AMS ¹⁴C测试结果

Table 3. Dating results of AMS ¹⁴C in the borehole S3-7

样品编号	深度(m)	测试材料	¹⁴C年龄(a BP)	校正年龄±1δ(a BP)	校正年龄±2δ(a BP)
¹⁴C-1	1.5	黏土	2 720±30	2 814±32	2 818±58
¹⁴C-2	1.8	黏土	3 350±30	3 860±33	3 868±57
¹⁴C-3	3.8	黏土	14 850±70	18 386±84	17 973±203
¹⁴C-4	13.3	黏土	20 810±890	24 918±1 139	24 810±7 040

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表 4 S3-7孔ESR测年结果

Table 4. Dating results of ESR in the borehole S3-7

样品编号	深度(m)	测试材料	ED(Gy)	D(Gy/ka)	年龄(ka BP)
ESR-1	54.4	细砂	624.6±61.0	4.364	143±14
ESR-2	68.4	细砂	927.6±78.0	3.910	237±20
ESR-3	83.3	细砂	920.5±92.0	2.187	421±42
ESR-4	103.0	细砂	4 060.6±397.0	4.960	819±80
ESR-5	123.6	细砂	4 177.8±391.0	3.914	1 068±100
ESR-6	144.5	细砂	5 587.5±540.0	4.912	1 137±110
ESR-7	200.6	细砂	5 890.6±468.0	3.120	1 888±150
ESR-8	223.8	细砂	8 425.5±746.0	3.732	2 258±200
ESR-9	240.7	细砂	8 900.0±762.0	3.809	2 337±200

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表 5 各年代地层底界在典型钻孔中的位置

Table 5. Boundaries of chronostratigraphy in typical boreholes

钻孔	位置	全新统孔深(m)	上更新统孔深(m)	中更新统孔深(m)	下更新统孔深(m)
ZKC01	安乡凹陷	1.50	28.00	92.00	294.24
ZK1	沅江凹陷	1.60	12.00	95.00	270.68
S3-7	沅江凹陷	3.10	50.00	90.00	244.63

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