Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Fractures in Lacustrine Dolostones Reservoirs in Tanggu District
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摘要: 塘沽地区沙三5油组属于断块、高压和裂缝型湖相白云岩油藏，裂缝成因复杂，控制因素多，目前的研究未见深入.从岩心、薄片、测井等资料入手，配合有限元模拟分析，研究塘沽地区湖相白云岩储层裂缝成因、期次，描述裂缝特征，分析成缝控制因素.研究表明：(1) 裂缝以构造缝为主，层理缝和溶蚀缝比例较少，渗流能力依次减弱；(2) 共发育4期裂缝：平行层面的层理缝；倾角为45°的共轭斜交缝、倾角为60°的高角度斜交缝；倾角为75°~90°的高角度/垂直张性裂缝；倾角70°~85°的高角度/垂直缝；(3) 构造、岩性、成岩和超压是湖相白云岩储层裂缝的主控因素，其对断裂和应力场的作用尤为明显；(4) 本区裂缝发育优势区主要集中在距离中部断垒近的2组近NW和NE向断裂交叉地带，油气勘探中应综合研究寻找上述裂缝发育区与高压地层配合的“甜点”区.Abstract: The ${{\text{E}}_{1}}s_{3}^{5}$ member in Tanggu district is a fault block, high-pressure and fractured lacustrine dolostones reservoirs. Based on the core observation, thin sections and log data with Ansys, the authors study on the causes and formation periods of fractures in lacustrine dolostones reservoirs, describe the fracture characteristics and analyze the control factors of fractures. The results show that the fractures are mainly of the tectonic origin, with a few bedding fractures and dissolution fractures, and the seepage ability decreases successively. There are four stages of fractures development including bedding fractures parallel to beddings, oblique fractures with 45 and 60 degrees, tensile fractures with 75 to 90 degrees, and high angel fractures with 70 to 85 degrees. The structure, lithology, diagenesis and overpressure are the key control factors of fractures in lacustrine dolomite reservoir, which are obviously influenced by cracks and stress field. The fractures mainly develop near the fault cross zone with 2 groups of NW and NE trending faults, and the above mentioned fracture development zone with high pressure called the sweet spots should be valued in oil-gas exploration.
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Key words:
- fracture /
- Lacustrine Dolostones /
- controlling factors /
- Tanggu district /
- petroleum geology
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图 2 研究区裂缝特征
a.早期高角度裂缝，塘39-3井，3831.72m；b.晚期高角度裂缝，塘12C井，3140.67m；c.水平缝，塘12C井，3125.84m；d.低角度裂缝，塘12C井, 3153.43m；e.网状裂缝，塘12C井，3153.43m；f.扩大溶蚀缝塘12C井，3140.67m；g.泥质泥晶白云岩，网状裂缝发育，正交偏光，10×5，塘12C井，3140.67m；h.泥质泥晶白云岩，帚状裂缝组合，正交偏光，10×5，塘12C井，3126.54m；i.泥质泥晶白云岩，网状裂缝组合，正交偏光，10×5，塘12C井，3140.67m；j.含泥泥晶白云岩，小裂缝发育，右侧见两条微裂缝，正交偏光，10×10，塘12C井，3131.05m；k.泥质泥晶白云岩，帚状裂缝组合，正交偏光，10×5，塘12C井，3140.67m；l.泥晶白云岩，顺层裂缝，单偏光，铸体薄片，10×10，塘12C井，3143.17m；m.泥晶白云岩，小裂缝及闭合缝切穿纹层，正交偏光，10×5，塘12C井Y20，3151.65m；n.泥晶白云岩，微裂缝切穿方沸石纹层，正交偏光，10×5，塘12C井，3143.17m；o.泥晶白云岩，微裂缝碎屑纹层正交偏光，10×10，塘12C井，3145.73m；p.溶蚀形成的扩容裂缝，塘39-3井，3830.74m；q.溶蚀形成的扩容裂缝，塘12C井，3132.05m；r.塘39-3井，溶蚀形成的扩容裂缝，3833.14m
Fig. 2. Fracture characteristics of study area
图 3 缝与岩性关系
a.裂缝发育程度与岩性关系；b.裂缝发育程度与层厚关系
Fig. 3. Relationship between lithology and fractures
图 5 塘沽地区湖相白云岩储层裂缝发育指数与断裂带关系
Fig. 5. Relationship between the fracture-developeing index and fault zone
图 6 塘沽地区沙三5油组裂缝发育段厚度等值线
Fig. 6. Contour sketch of fractures developing thickness in ${{\text{E}}_{\text{1}}}s_{3}^{5}$
图 7 沙三5油组1小层和3小层应力强度分布及裂缝线密度平面等值线
a.沙三5油组1小层应力强度分布；b.沙三5油组3小层应力强度分布；c.沙三5油组1小层裂缝线密度平面等值线；d.沙三5油组3小层裂缝线密度平面等值线
Fig. 7. Contour sketch of stress intensity and fracture density in ${{\text{E}}_{\text{1}}}s_{3}^{{{5}^{1}}}$ , ${{\text{E}}_{\text{1}}}s_{3}^{{{5}^{3}}}$
图 8 塘12C井不同成岩相的裂缝发育程度
Fig. 8. Relationship between diagenesisfacies and fractures of T12C
表 1 塘12C井取心段各单层岩性和厚度统计
Table 1. Lithology and thickness statistics of core sample in T12C
层号 ${{\text{E}}_{1}}s_{3}^{{{5}^{1}}}$ ${{\text{E}}_{1}}s_{3}^{{{5}^{2-1}}}$ ${{\text{E}}_{1}}s_{3}^{{{5}^{2-2}}}$ 白云岩类
厚度白云岩厚度(m) / / 8.1 含泥白云岩厚度(m) / 0.8 7.8 泥质白云岩厚度(m) / 2.9 5.8 泥质岩类
厚度白云质泥岩厚度(m) 3.7 4.3 3.1 含白云泥岩厚度(m) 13.4 6.2 1.7 泥(页)岩厚度(m) / / / 灰质泥岩厚度(m) / / / 其他厚度 灰质粉砂岩(m) / / / 炭质沥青(m) / / 0.2 总厚度(m) 17.1 14.2 26.6 
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