Evaluation of Denudation Degree of Carlin-Type Gold Deposits in Southwest Guizhou Province
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摘要: 对黔西南卡林型金矿集区开展矿田、矿床 (点) 剥蚀程度研究，能为新一轮找矿勘查布局提供有力支撑.以热液渗滤晕分带理论为指导，依据区内金矿床原生晕在空间中存在分带性以及次生异常与金矿床在地表呈现总体无偏特征，构建了大区域尺度量纲中能总体反映成矿元素分散流与原生晕共性特征的元素分带序列，计算了基于序列中元素区域化探扫面数据多重分形奇异性分析的前缘元素与尾部元素地球化学强度“对比值”，研制了矿田及其附近以“对比值”数据结构为主体的“低-浅-中-高”4个级别剥蚀程度定量评价指标，并结合实地地质特征开展综合评价工作.给出区内10个矿田和15个主要金矿床 (点) 的剥蚀程度评价结果，总体显示出右江区矿田剥蚀程度低于扬子区，泥堡、紫木凼、水银洞、丫他、烂泥沟等中-特大型金矿床剥蚀程度皆为低-浅剥蚀，而资源量相对较小的板其、戈塘、老万场等金矿床剥蚀程度普遍偏高.在此基础上，通过戈塘与水银洞金矿的进一步地质比对，论证了评价结果逼进了勘查事实并可以扩展到区内有一定勘查程度的地区.此外，对评价结果的分析表明，“对比值”异常是寻求找矿突破和现有矿床 (点) 深部成矿预测的主要评价指标之一，对找矿勘查有重要指示作用.据此初步提出水银洞金矿床及其以东的深部、戈塘金矿床北西二叠系与三叠系接触带附近、上大观矿点深部等14处深部找矿潜力较大的地区.Abstract: The study of the denudation degree of the Carlin-type gold deposits (ore fields-ore deposits-ore occurrences) in southwest Guizhou Province could facilitate future exploration. Present research is based on hydrothermal halo zoning percolation theory, the general unbiased feature of the space between gold deposits and secondary anomalies as well as the mineralization zoning of the ore-forming elements. The sequence of element zoning which could reflect the common features of ore-forming elements dispersed flow and primary halos in regional scale dimension is firstly constructed.Then, the contrast values of geochemical strength between the front and rear halo in zoning sequence are obtained on the basis of singularity analysis of stream sediment geochemical dataset collected in this region. The evaluating indicators of denudation degree are established and classified into four different levels as low-light-medium-high according to the data structures of contrast values.In addition, the evaluating indicators are applied to comprehensive evaluation combined with the geological characteristics of deposits, ore fields and their surroundings. In this paper, the results of denudation degree related to the ten ore fields and fifteen major gold deposits are presented. Our research reveals that the Youjiang ore fields have lower degree of denudation than the Yangtze one. Furthermore, the degree of denudation is apparently positively correlated with the amount of resources.The medium to superlarge sized gold deposits such as Nibao deposit, Zimudang deposit, Shuiyindong deposit, Yata deposit and Lannigou deposit are characterized with the low-to light-denudation degree.While the relatively small sized deposits such as Banqi deposit, Getang deposit, Laowanchang deposit are with the high degree of denudation. The evaluation results are consistent with those of the previous exploration work and may be extended to the areas undergone basic prospection.In addition, it is found that the anomalies of the contrast value are the main sign of the evaluation for obtaining prospecting breakthrough and deep area ore-prospecting of existing deposits. Fourteen districts of deep ore with high prospecting potential are proposed in this study, including the Shuiyindong deposits and its eastern deep area, the contact zone between Permian and Triassic strata in the northwestern part of Getang deposit and the deep part of the Shangdaguan ore occurrence.
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图 1 黔西南卡林型金矿集区大地构造位置
A-Ⅰ.黔西南扬子区；A-Ⅱ.黔西南右江区；据马丽芳等 (2002)编制
Fig. 1. Tectonic location of Carlin-type gold deposits concentrated area in southwest Guizhou Province
图 2 黔西南卡林型金矿集区矿产地质图
据马丽芳等 (2002)、韩至钧等 (1999)、王砚耕等 (1995)、王亮等 (2009)、吴德超等 (2003)和贵州地矿局 (兴仁、安龙、罗甸和盘县4个1:20万图幅矿调资料，1980) 综合编制
Fig. 2. Geological sketch of the Carlin-type gold deposits concentrated area in southwest Guizhou Province
图 3 黔西南地区典型卡林型金矿床勘探线剖面
a.烂泥沟金矿8号勘探线剖面；b.丫他金矿32号勘探线剖面；c.板其金矿27号勘探线剖面；d.紫木凼金矿32号勘探线剖面；e.水银洞金矿勘探线剖面；f.戈塘金矿勘3号探线剖面；g.泥堡金矿二龙抢宝段勘探线剖面；P1m.下二叠统茅口组；P2w-c.上二叠统吴家坪-长兴组；P2β.上二叠统峨眉山玄武岩组；P2dc.上二叠统大厂组；Sbt.构造蚀变体；P2l1-3.上二叠统龙潭组1~3段；T1y.下三叠统夜郎组；T2g.中三叠统关岭组；T2xm.中三叠统许满组；T2nl.中三叠统尼罗组；T2by.中三叠统边阳组；图e据刘建中等(2006)修编；图a,b,c,d和f据韩至钧等(1999)修编
Fig. 3. Prospecting line profile sketch of typical Carlin-type gold deposits in southwest Guizhou Province
图 4 黔西南卡林型金矿集区地形地貌
数字高程模型及剖面通过Global Mapper软件在线获取的黔西南地区高程数据创建；矿田位置及其范围据吴德超等 (2003)和韩至钧等 (1999)
Fig. 4. Topography sketch of the Carlin-type gold deposits concentrated area in southwest Guizhou Province
图 5 通过遥感影像获取的水系 (a) 与Au元素次生异常叠合 (b)
Fig. 5. Spatial superimposed sketchs of the river systems obtained by remote sensing images (a) and Au secondary anomaly (b)
图 6 次生晕分带评价值综合结果
a.前缘晕 (As-Hg-Sb) 奇异指数第一主成分得分；b.矿体晕 (Au) 奇异指数；c.矿尾晕 (Wo-Sn-Mo) 奇异指数第一主成分得分；d.次生晕分带评价值 (前缘晕/矿尾晕)
Fig. 6. Comprehensive results of evaluation values of secondary halo zoning
图 7 典型矿床次生晕分带评价值投点对比
Fig. 7. Comparison of evaluation values of secondary halo zoning among typical ore deposits
图 8 前缘元素异常中的次生晕分带评价值异常
Ⅰ.灰家堡；Ⅱ.戈塘；Ⅲ.泥堡；Ⅳ.雄武；Ⅴ.大厂；Ⅵ.归顺；Ⅶ.芹菜坪；Ⅷ.赖子山；Ⅸ.丫-板-百；Ⅹ.望谟
Fig. 8. Anomaly evaluation values of secondary halo zoning of the front halo elements anomalies
表 1 成矿元素最大方差旋转因子解
Table 1. Varimax rotated factor solution of the ore-forming elements
元素 主成分 F1 F2 F3 Co 0.948 0.062 0.149 Cu 0.938 -0.059 0.195 Cr 0.903 0.158 0.145 Ni 0.901 0.260 0.209 Zn 0.666 0.441 0.399 Sn 0.539 0.532 0.229 Mo 0.503 0.418 0.461 Ba 0.403 -0.538 -0.152 Pb 0.381 0.770 0.293 As 0.338 0.416 0.711 Sb 0.264 0.244 0.811 F 0.259 0.762 0.099 Au 0.248 -0.122 0.666 W 0.130 0.549 0.586 Hg 0.048 0.215 0.718 Bi 0.044 0.817 0.294 Ag -0.006 0.275 0.452 注：KMO=0.910;对应特征值8.006、2.684、1.291. 
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表 2 黔西南卡林型金矿集区矿田和主要金矿床 (点) 剥蚀程度评价结果汇总统计
Table 2. Evaluation of denudation degree of the ore fields and the main gold deposits (occurrences) in Carlin-type gold deposits concentrated area in southwest Guizhou Province
构造位置 矿田 主体级别 剥蚀程度 低-浅剥蚀区 矿床 (点) 所在级别 剥蚀程度 矿体剥离程度 前缘晕 矿体晕 矿尾晕 评价值 数据指标 综合推断 存在 前缘晕 矿体晕 矿尾晕 评价值 数据指标 综合推断 扬子地台 灰家堡 西区 10~13 10~13 8~11 10~11 浅 浅 √ 紫木凼 9 12 6 10 浅 浅 小部分 东区 9~12 7~9 8~10 10~13 低 低 √ 水银洞 12 7 11 10 低 低 隐伏 戈塘 9~12 10~13 9~12 3~8 中-高 中-高 √ 戈塘 12 13 12 3 高 高 大部分 泥堡 9~10 10~11 7~9 9~11 中-浅 浅 √ 泥堡 8 11 6 9 中 浅 部分 铁厂坳 13 8 8 13 低 低 半隐伏 雄武 10~12 9~12 9~11 4~7 中-高 中-高 √ 雄武 11 7 6 12 低 低 半隐伏 大厂 9~12 10~13 10~11 4~8 中-高 高 老万场 12 12 11 7 中 高 大部分 归顺 9~11 10~12 8~11 6~11 中-浅 中-浅 √ 砂锅场 9 11 7 9 中 中 部分 芹菜坪 9~12 10~11 8~10 7~10 中-浅 中-浅 芹菜坪 10 11 7 10 浅 浅 少量 右江褶皱带 赖子山 西区 8~11 9~11 7~9 8~11 中-低 中-低 √ 庆坪 9 11 6 11 浅 浅 中区 9~10 10~12 10~12 2~5 中-高 高 东区 10~11 11~13 5~9 10~12 浅 浅-低 √ 烂泥沟 12 12 9 12 浅 浅-低 少量 丫-板-百 丫他矿区 10~11 12~13 5~7 10~12 浅 浅 √ 丫他 11 13 5 12 浅 浅 部分 板其北区 11~12 10~13 7~9 10~12 浅 浅 √ 板其南区 9~11 11~13 8~10 6~8 中 中 板其 11 13 10 8 中 中 大部分 百地矿区 10~13 11~13 9~11 10~13 浅 浅 √ 百地 12 12 10 10 浅 浅 小部分 望谟 岜赖地区 7~10 10~11 10~12 2~4 高 高 乐康地区 7~9 10~11 6~9 9~13 中-浅 中-浅 上大观地区 10~13 8~12 8~11 11~13 浅-低 浅-低 √ 上大观 13 8 8 13 低 低 隐伏 注：“矿体剥离程度”列中为矿体被剥蚀的可能性.
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