The Regularity of Gold Enrichment and Its Implications to Metallogenic Tectonics in Shuangwang Gold Deposit, Shaanxi Province
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摘要: 双王金矿床是秦岭地区大型的危机矿山之一，找矿工作是当务之急，但其成因类型特殊，人们对其成矿构造的演化过程和控矿机制尚存在争议.以该矿床KT5矿体为例，研究了角砾岩体、断裂裂隙和金品位的空间分布关系，并结合趋势面分析，探讨了金矿化富集规律及其对成矿构造的指示意义.矿床地质特征及对矿区内基性岩墙的测年结果表明其成矿时代为印支期.在印支期秦岭造山过程中的NS向主压应力背景下，成矿断裂早期右行斜向剪切作用奠定了角砾岩带的雏形；断裂中期活动引发的地震及伴生液压致裂作用，使矿区内形成了角砾岩主体和断裂裂隙系统，主成矿阶段角砾岩化作用减弱，断裂裂隙持续发育，并作为流体运移和成矿的主要通道和有利部位，使金的矿化富集呈面状展布，断裂裂隙带的产状变化是金沉淀的重要影响因素；晚期构造应力转换为近EW向拉伸，近NS向基性岩墙群侵位并受到成矿流体的改造.Abstract: Shuangwang gold deposit is one of the largest crisis mines in Qinling area with special genetic type, and it is urgent for us to undertake prospecting. But different scholars have some controversy over the evolution of the metallogenic tectonic as well as over the ore-controlling mechanism in this deposit. This paper studies the relationship of spatial distribution among the breccia bodies, fractures and fissures, and gold grade taking KT5 ore body in the deposit for an example. The regularity of gold enrichment and its implications to metallogenic tectonics are discussed, combined with trend surface analysis. According to mineralization characteristics and the age of the mafic dyke swarms in the mine area, it is suggested that the ore-forming process happened mainly in Indosinian. Under the compressive stress from north to south during Indosinian orogenesis in Qinling area, two sides of the metallogenic fault sheared obliquely with rightward contortion in the early stage, which formed the rudiment of breccia belt. In the intermediate stage, earthquake and associated hydraulic fracturing, which were induced along with the fault movement, produced the main breccia bodies together with fractures and fissures; in the gold mineragenetic process, the brecciation trailed off, while the fractures and fissures developed continuously, and they played important roles of the main pathway as well as advantaged ore-forming space for metallogenic fluid, so the gold enrichment revealed planar distribution, and the change of the fractures and fissures occurrence was the basic factor that resulted in Au precipitation. In the late stage, the extension changed to east-west, and the mafic dyke swarms intruded in the setting, which were altered by metallogenic fluid.
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Key words:
- gold enrichment /
- breccia bodies /
- metallogenic tectonic /
- Shuangwang gold deposit /
- ore deposit geology
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图 1 双王金矿区域地质图
K1dh.下白垩统东河群；P.二叠系；C.石炭系；D3t.上泥盆统桐峪寺组；D3j.上泥盆统九里坪组；D3x.上泥盆统星红铺组；D2g.中泥盆统古道岭组；D1w.下泥盆统王家塄组；Pzd.元古界陡岭群；γ52.燕山期花岗岩；γ51.印支期花岗岩；γδ51.印支期花岗闪长岩；FⅠ.商丹缝合带；FⅡ.酒奠梁一江口断裂；1.花岗岩；2.花岗闪长岩；3.地质界线；4.不整合线；5.断裂 (F)；6.深大断裂；7.金矿床；8.铅锌矿床；据王国富，2006
Fig. 1. Regional geological sketch of Shuangwang mine
图 2 双王金矿床地质略图
1.上泥盆统九里坪组粉砂岩和板岩；2.中泥盆统星红铺组含生物碎屑结晶灰岩；3.星红铺组绢云粉砂质板岩；4.星红铺组变质粉砂岩夹板岩；5.星红铺组绢云粉砂质板岩、粉砂岩互层；6.星红铺组变质粉砂岩夹绢云板岩；7.星红铺组变质粉砂岩、绢云板岩层；8.星红铺组绢云板岩、钙质板岩、结晶灰岩；9.星红铺组 (未分)；10.中泥盆统古道岭组结晶灰岩夹砂岩；11.古道岭组钙质砂岩夹生物灰岩；12.下泥盆统王家塄组结晶灰岩、粉砂岩、砂质板岩互层；13.王家塄组变质粉砂岩夹结晶灰岩、碳质片岩；14.印支期二长花岗岩；15.印支早期石英二长闪长岩；16.花岗斑岩脉；17.中、基性岩脉；18.含金钠长角砾岩体；19.正断层及其产状；20.性质不明断层；21.星红铺组下亚组沉积岩性层界线；据石准立等 (1989)
Fig. 2. Geological sketch of Shuangwang gold deposit
图 3 角砾岩的产出形式
a.钠化板岩角砾，①对称钠化蚀变，②半环状钠化蚀变，③条带状钠化蚀变；b.早期胶结物角砾化，①钠化板岩角砾，②早期胶结物：钠长石和含铁白云石；③晚期胶结物含铁白云石；c.多期角砾岩化，黑线所示角砾内部，早期钠长石含铁白云石①胶结围岩角砾后，整体破碎，再次被晚期灰白色含铁白云石②胶结；d.骨架状构造，①钠化板岩角砾，②含铁白云石；e.胶结物充填显示出的X型节理 (黑线所示)；f.角砾岩体的平直边界，黑线所示，①围岩，②角砾岩体
Fig. 3. Occurrences of breccia bodies
图 4 热液脉体的产出形式
a.石膏脉，1 420 m标高75线，①围岩，②石膏脉，③角砾岩体；b.黄铁矿脉，1 690 m中段67线，①围岩，②黄铁矿脉，③角砾岩体；c.黄铁矿脉，1 690 m中段75线，①黄铁矿细脉，②含铁白云石，③角砾岩体；d.黄铁矿方解石脉，1 420 m中段73线，①黄铁矿方解石脉，②含铁白云石脉，③角砾岩体；e.铁白云石大脉，1 420 m中段79线，①铁白云石脉，②角砾岩体；f.巨晶黄铁矿铁白云石大脉，1 550 m中段沿脉，①黄铁矿，②含铁白云石，③角砾岩体
Fig. 4. Occurrences of hydrothermal veins
图 5 KT5矿体1 420 m中段以下矿体品位与角砾岩体水平、垂向分布
1.角砾岩体；2.矿体；3.煌斑岩墙；4.品位滑动平均趋势线 (图示各角砾岩体的边界为零，向左为高值)；5.品位峰值连线；6.角砾岩体侧伏趋势；7.钻孔编号；8.勘探线间距 (相邻勘探线间距100 m，如79线与75线，75线与71线，以此类推；同一勘探线水平间距为0 m，如ZK43-1，ZK43-2)
Fig. 5. Horizontal and vertical distributions of Au grade and breccia bodies for KT5 ore body below 1 420 m level adit
图 6 双王金矿床主要矿体垂直纵投影分布
据陕西省地矿局第三地质队 (2009)修绘
Fig. 6. Vertical longitudinal projection of the main ore bodies in Shuangwang gold deposit
图 7 双王金矿床KT5矿体1 420 m中段以上矿体厚度及金品位趋势面分析
a.矿体厚度等值线；b.金品位等值线；c.矿体厚度三次趋势图；d.金品位三次趋势图；e.矿体厚度剩余值等值线；f.金品位剩余值等值线 (各等值线上所标注数字仅表示线值相对大小)；剖面方向向右为109°
Fig. 7. Diagrams of trend surface analysis for thickness and Au grade of KT5 above 1 420 m level adit
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