Changes of Stable Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotopes and Their Responses to Freezing Process in Dali-Nor Lake in Cold-Arid Areas of China
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摘要: 利用自然界中广泛分布的环境同位素进行湖泊水体演化过程分析已经成为现代湖泊科学的重要研究方向.通过采集内蒙古达里诺尔湖(简称"达里湖") 2013年1月份的湖冰、湖水, 2012年夏季湖水与湖区大气降水等, 共分析了77个样品中稳定氢(H)、氧(O)同位素值的变化情况, 在此基础上对达里湖水体稳定H、O同位素组成变化及其对结冰过程的响应进行了详细分析, 结果显示: (1)伴随结冰过程的完成, 各站点深层冰体(厚度~65 cm)中δD、δ18O值比表层冰体(厚度~15 cm)中的值出现不同幅度的偏重.而冰下水体中δD、δ18O平均值则比冰体中的平均值分别偏轻约13.85‰、2.23‰.在冰层形成的快速与稳定阶段, δD、δ18O值的变化幅度也存在差异.同时, 冬季外源水体的输入对各站点间同位素值差异的影响比夏季更明显; (2)夏季湖水、冬季湖水与湖冰的同位素值均落在全球大气降水线与湖区大气降水线之外, 显示湖泊冰封之前, 蒸发对湖泊水体同位素偏移存在一定程度的影响; 而冬季湖水与湖冰的同位素值基本位于同一斜率区间, 且全部落在夏季湖水同位素值的右侧, 显示两者之间并不存在明显的蒸发分馏作用, 造成上述现象的因素只能归结于结冰过程.Abstract: Utilizing the environmental isotopes, which exist widely as one proxy of lake water evolution process, has become one important direction in lake sciences.In this paper, a total of 77 samples of lake water, ice and precipitation water were collected in Dali-Nor Lake, which locates in cold-arid areas of Inner Mongolia; and changes of δD and δ18O and their responses to freezing process in Dali-Nor Lake are analyzed. The comparison of the changes of δD and δ18O among lake ice, lake water and precipitate water shows that: (1) Following the freezing process, the values of ΔδD, Δδ18O between bottom (65 cm) and surface (15 cm) ice layers are both above zero.But in fast stage and stable stage during lake ice forming, the change range of water stable isotopes is different.Meanwhile, the values of δD and δ18O in water under the ice are about 13.85 ‰ and 2.23 ‰ lighter than those in lake ice.In addition, the river inflows have more obvious influence on value changes of δD and δ18O among different sites in winter than in summer. (2) The δD and δ18O values of water (both summer and winter) and ice are both in right side of the global meteoric water line (GMWL) and local meteoric water line (LMWL), which shows that the evaporation process has certain influence on the fractional distillation of water stable isotopes before the lake ice formed. On the other hand, the values of δD and δ18O in lake ice and winter lake water have the same slope range and both in right side of the values of δD and δ18O in summer lake water, which shows that the freezing process has obvious influence on the fractional distillation of water stable isotopes during the lake ice forming process.
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Key words:
- hydrogen isotope /
- oxygen isotope /
- freezing process /
- Dali-Nor Lake /
- cold-arid area /
- geochemistry
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图 1 内蒙古地区气候特征及达里湖取样点分布
a.内蒙古地区现代年均降水分布，左上小图中单位为mm/a；b.达里湖流域及取样点分布
Fig. 1. Characteristic of local climate in Inner Mongolia and sample sites in Dali-Nor Lake
图 2 不同厚度冰层中δD、δ18O同位素值分布特征
a.达里湖不同厚度冰层中δD的分布特征；b.为达里湖不同厚度冰层中δ18O的分布特征; 图中黑色圆点为H、O同位素值变化示意，各站位样品中H、O同位素的具体数值以图中给出的大小为准
Fig. 2. Distribution of δD and δ18O in different layers of lake ice
图 4 达里湖冬季湖水与冬季湖冰及夏季湖水中δD、δ18O值变化对比
a.达里湖冬季湖冰与冰下水体中δD、δ18O值对比；b.达里湖冬季冰下水体与夏季湖水中δD、δ18O值对比.图中实验结果间的连接虚线不代表各点间具体的变化趋势
Fig. 4. Comparison of δD, δ18O values of lake water between winter and summer
图 5 达里湖湖水(冬季、夏季)、湖冰及湖区大气降水等的同位素组成
GMWL为全球降水曲线(Craig, 1961)；LMWL为达里湖区域夏季降水曲线，根据2012年7—9月份达里湖区域大气降水样品的稳定同位素值计算，其公式为：δD=7.71δ18O-0.06，R2=0.897 5
Fig. 5. δD-δ18O relation of waters (winter and summer), ice and precipitation in Dali-Nor Lake
表 1 2013年1月达里湖湖水(冰)取样站点位置
Table 1. Sample locations of lake ice and water in the Dali-Nor Lake during January 2013
序号 站点名称 经度(°) 纬度(°) 水深(m) 冰厚(m) 1 A7 116.695 9 43.370 8 3.0 0.92 2 B4 116.598 7 43.332 6 6.8 1.01 3 C5 116.632 9 43.300 5 8.5 0.93 4 C7 116.722 3 43.300 0 7.3 1.01 5 D4 116.603 6 43.267 7 1.7 1.12 6 D6 116.666 9 43.266 7 7.0 1.21 7 E1 116.501 2 43.233 6 8.1 0.90 8 E2 116.516 9 43.216 9 9.5 1.06 9 E5 116.633 9 43.233 4 7.8 1.10 
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表 2 达里湖不同厚度冰层间δD、δ18O同位素差值变化
Table 2. The change of ΔδD and Δδ18O between different layers of lake ice
厚度 取样点 A7 B4 C5 C7 D4 D6 E1 E2 E5 ΔδD(‰) 35~15 cm 2.50 -0.46 -0.43 2.75 0.69 0.58 2.86 5.46 1.15 65~15 cm 2.69 1.32 0.28 3.03 0.97 0.51 4.55 8.23 5.45 Δδ18O(‰) 35~15 cm 0.44 -0.23 0.20 0.72 0.23 -0.03 0.17 1.13 -0.03 65~15 cm 0.62 0.44 0.15 0.35 0.15 0.08 0.57 1.72 1.77
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表 3 达里湖区域降水及湖水中δD、δ18O平均值
Table 3. The average value of δD, δ18O in precipitation, lake water and ice
夏季降水 夏季湖水 冬季湖水 冬季湖冰 冬季平均(湖冰+湖水) δD -64.23 -37.66 -41.15(-36.55)* -27.30 -34.23 δ18O -8.33 -3.38 -2.24(-1.49)* -0.009 -1.123 注：带“*”的表示括号内数值为去掉A7、E2两点以后的冬季湖泊水体各站位的δD、δ18O的平均值.
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