Genesis of High-Quality Reservoirs of Fan Delta Front in Lower Part of the Fourth Member of Shahejie Formation in Bonan Subsag
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摘要: 优质储层成因已成为制约中深层油气高效勘探开发的关键问题.综合利用钻井岩心、测录井、三维地震等资料, 通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定、分析测试等技术方法, 对渤南洼陷沙四下亚段扇三角洲前缘优质储层成因进行研究.研究表明: 沉积相带原始物性好坏、成岩作用类型及强弱差异、地层超压强弱及发生时间、油气充注强弱及发生时间、断层/不整合对流体的输导以及膏盐层的作用是控制沙四下亚段储层物性的主要因素.优质储层发育是特定"源-流-汇"成岩系统综合作用的结果, 有利沉积条件是优质储层发育的基础; 储层与烃源岩之间的有利通道(断裂、不整合、相对高孔渗储层)是优质储层发育的前提; 储集层与烃源岩较短的运移路径是优质储层发育的关键; 充足的流体来源、油气充注、地层超压是优质储层发育的保证.Abstract: The genesis of high-quality reservoirs is the crucial problem to determine the effective exploration and development for the middle and deep burial reservoirs. This study focuses on the fan delta front reservoir in the lower part of the fourth member of the Shahejie Formation in Bonan subsag. Core and thin section observation, physical property testing and other technical methods were used to analyze the genetic mechanism of high-quality reservoirs of the fan delta front through drilling core, well logging and logging, three-dimension seismic and other materials. The results show that the properties of the reservoirs are mainly controlled by the original properties of different sedimentation facies, the types and influences of diagenesis, the strength and occurrence time of the overpressure and hydrocarbon charging, the fluid migration through fault or unconformity as well as the effect of evaporation. The development of high-quality reservoirs is the result of specific "source-fluid-sink" diagenesis system. Four factors determine the development of high-quality reservoirs. The first is the favorable sedimentary condition and the second is the favorable migration channels, such as fault, unconformity, high porosity and permeability reservoirs between reservoirs and source rocks. Thirdly, shorter migration path between reservoirs and source rocks, and besides, adequate source of fluid, hydrocarbon charging and formation overpressure are also important.
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Key words:
- fan delta front /
- high-quality reservoir /
- controlling factor /
- diagenesis system /
- genetic mechanism /
- Bonan subsag /
- sedimentology
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图 1 渤南洼陷构造位置、沙四下亚段顶面构造特征及沉积相分布
数据来源于孟涛和庄嘉翠，罗家油田罗68-罗351井区E2s41、E2s42新增石油预测储量报告，2010
Fig. 1. Tectonic setting, structural characteristics of top Es4x and distribution of sedimentary of Bonan subsag
图 2 渤南洼陷沙四下亚段储层岩石学特征及物性分布
a.岩石成分三角图；b.孔渗相关关系；c.孔渗频率分布直方图；d.物性与埋深相关关系
Fig. 2. Petrologic characteristics of reservoirs and property distribution of Es4x in Bonan Subsag
图 3 渤南洼陷沙四下亚段储层成岩作用特征及储集空间特征
a.点接触为主，石英次生加大，原生孔隙，罗68井，3 369.6 m(-)；b.高灰泥杂基，孔隙基本不发育，罗681井，3560.2 m(-)；c.方解石胶结，原生孔隙，义172井，4 010.47 m(-)；d.微裂缝及边缘溶蚀扩大，罗68井，3 373.6 m(-)；e.绿泥石包壳，原生孔隙，罗68井，3 369 m(-)；f.绿泥石包壳，罗68井，3 369.16 m(SEM)；g.长石溶蚀次生孔隙，罗68井，3 369 m(-)；h.玄武岩岩屑溶孔，义160井，3 678.69 m(-)；i.铁方解石交代方解石，罗68井，3 369 m(-)；j.铁方解石交代石英加大边，罗68井，3 369.6 m(-)；k.岩屑溶蚀后方解石充填，义172井，3 993.9 m(-)；l.方解石交代长石，罗681井，3 559.9 m(-)；m.长石加大边，义160井，3 678.69 m(+)；n.硬石膏胶结，义172井，4 011.57 m(+)；o.黄铁矿交代方解石，罗68井，3 370.3 m(-)；p.黄铁矿交代方解石，罗68井，3 370.3 m(-f).Q.石英；F.长石；L.岩屑；M.杂基；Qa.石英次生加大；Cc.碳酸盐胶结物；Ch.绿泥石；FD.长石溶孔；LD.岩屑溶孔；Fo.长石次生加大；An.硬石膏；PP.原生粒间孔；(-)为单偏光镜下照片；(+)为正交光镜下照片；(-f)为反光镜下照片；(SEM)为扫描电镜镜下照片
Fig. 3. Characteristics of diagenesis and reservoir spaces of Es4x in Bonan Subsag
图 4 渤南洼陷沙四下亚段储层孔喉结构特征
a.孔喉半径与进汞量比例相关关系；b.孔喉半径与进汞饱和度相关关系
Fig. 4. Characteristics of reservoir pore throat structure of Es4x in Bonan Subsag
图 5 渤南洼陷沙四下亚段储层不同沉积相带储层成岩作用及物性特征
Fig. 5. Characteristic of diagenesis and property in different sedimentary facies of Es4x in Bonan subsag
图 6 渤南洼陷沙四下亚段储层绿泥石产状及其与物性相关关系
a.罗68，3 371.45 m，包壳全貌；b.罗68，3 371.45 m，局部放大；c.罗68，3 370.30 m，镜下结构；d.绿泥石包壳结构示意图；e.孔隙度与绿泥石含量相关关系；f.渗透率与绿泥石含量相关关系；g.绿泥石与碳酸盐胶结物含量相关关系
Fig. 6. Characteristics of chlorite and relationship to reservoir property of Es4x in Bonan Subsag
图 7 渤南洼陷沙四下亚段地层压力特征
Fig. 7. Characteristics of formation pressure of Es4x in Bonan subsag
图 8 渤南洼陷沙四下亚段储层构造输导特征
Fig. 8. Conducting system and tectonic characteristics of reservoir of Es4x in Bonan subsag
图 9 渤南洼陷沙四下亚段优质储层成因机制模式
Fig. 9. Genetic mechanism of high quality reservoirs of Es4x in Bonan subsag
表 1 渤南洼陷沙四下亚段扇三角洲前缘不同沉积微相岩石成分数据
Table 1. Data of rock composition in different microfacies in fan delta front in Es4x in Bonan subsag
沉积微相 石英(%) 长石(%) 岩屑(%) 泥质杂基(%) 胶结物(%) 近源水下分流河道 30.890 32.780 36.33 12.0 12.33 远源水下分流河道 32.875 37.125 30.00 7.0 6.80 河口坝和水下分流间湾 39.500 32.500 28.00 26.5 5.50 
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表 2 渤南洼陷沙四下亚段储层成岩作用定量分析数据
Table 2. Data of reservoir diagenesis quantitative analysis of Es4x in Bonan Subsag
井号 深度(m) 沉积微相 岩性 So φ0(%) φ(%) φcch(%) φdf(%) φcq(%) φdq(%) φcca(%) φdc(%) φco(%) ωco(%) ωcm(%) Y160 3 678.7 水下分流河道 中砂岩 1.59 39.1 11.0 0.0 2.4 8.7 1.6 3.8 0.0 19.7 50.3 31.8 Y160 3 678.9 水下分流河道 粗砂岩 1.59 39.1 10.4 0.0 2.0 5.2 0.5 7.3 1.5 20.3 51.9 32.0 Y172 3 994.6 水下分流河道 含砾粗砂岩 1.59 39.1 5.7 0.0 1.3 3.9 0.0 8.7 1.4 23.4 60.0 32.3 72 3 994.9 水下分流河道 细砾岩 1.52 39.5 8.6 0.0 0.4 2.6 0.0 3.5 0.0 25.3 64.1 15.2 L68 3 369.0 水下分流河道 细砂岩 1.37 40.5 16.9 3.0 2.6 1.0 1.4 1.2 0.0 22.4 55.4 12.9 L68 3 369.6 水下分流河道 粗砂岩 1.37 40.5 14.5 2.8 1.6 0.9 0.2 5.5 0.8 19.3 47.8 22.8 Y172 4 011.6 水下分流河道 中砂岩 1.42 40.1 12.1 0.7 1.2 5.2 0.1 1.4 0.4 22.4 55.8 18.3 Y172 4 015.7 水下分流河道 中砂岩 1.48 39.7 9.0 0.2 2.2 2.0 0.0 8.7 0.9 22.9 57.6 27.5 Y172 4 016.6 水下分流河道 中砂岩 1.45 39.9 8.7 0.5 0.5 2.1 0.9 6.3 0.2 24.0 60.0 22.3 Y160 3 681.6 分流间湾 细砂岩 1.62 38.9 9.2 0.0 0.5 0.8 0.0 14.3 0.4 15.5 39.8 38.8 L354 2 964.5 分流间湾 细砂岩 1.62 38.9 5.3 0.0 0.5 0.9 0.0 20.3 0.6 18.4 47.2 42.0 L681 3 559.9 河口坝 细砂岩 1.63 38.9 4.1 0.0 1.4 2.5 0.0 21.4 0.4 12.6 32.5 61.3 L681 3 560.2 河口坝 粉砂岩 1.65 38.7 5.3 0.0 0.9 0.4 0.0 19.6 0.5 14.9 38.4 51.6
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表 3 渤南洼陷沙四下亚段储层含油性与物性对应关系
Table 3. The relationship of oiliness and reservoir property of Es4x in Bonan subsag
含油级别 油浸 油斑 油迹 荧光及不含油 统计数据点(个) 27 7 17 37 平均孔隙度(%) 18.82 12.16 11.66 10.59 平均渗透率(10-3 μm2) 81.67 2.52 2.47 2.44
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