Seism-Tectonic Background, Deep Rheological Structure and Triggering Mechanism of Diqing Earthquake (Ms 5.9), Yunnan
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摘要: 2013年8月31日8时4分, 云南省迪庆藏族自治州香格里拉县(28.12°N, 99.4°E)发生5.9级地震, 震源深度10 km.区域范围内历史地震频繁, 为滇西北地震多发区.据震源机制解结果, 此次地震为正断兼左旋走滑型地震, NW向截面产状与德钦-香格里拉-中甸断裂基本吻合.利用EIGEN-6C2模型对震中附近进行布格重力异常探讨, 震源位置位于莫霍面起伏部位, 下部地壳厚度不稳定之处; 而从P波速度与地壳结构剖面可知研究区上地壳底部存在低速层, 认为韧性低速层与地震能量的积聚和存储关系密切.而韧性低速(高导)层与德钦-中甸断裂交接部位, 是流变界面能量释放的位置, 即本次地震的震源位置.这为板内地震3层次构造模式提供了一个新的案例.Abstract: At 08∶04 of August 31st, 2013, an earthquake with a magnitude of Ms 5.9 occurred in Shangrila county of Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province (28.1°N, 99.4°E). The depth of the hypocenter is 10 km. The study area is seismically active in history and prone to earthquake in northwestern Yunnan. Then the focal mechanism solutions show that the Diqing Ms 5.9 earthquake is of normal faulting with dextral strike-slip and the attitude of the NW nodal plane is consistent to the Deqin-Zhongdian fault. In this paper, we discuss the bouguer anomaly near the epicenter using EIGEN-6C2 model, and the epicenter is located at the Moho depth undulating position, and place where the crustal thickness is unstable. From the profile of P wave velocity and crustal structure, we know that low-velocity layer exists at the bottom of the upper crust, and the layer is likely to be closely related to seismic energy accumulating and storing. The joint location of the edge of the low-velocity (high conductivity) layer and the Deqin-Zhongdian fractures is the location for the focus to release the accumulating energy. This provides a new case of the three-level tectonic model for intra-plate earthquake.
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图 1 云南迪庆地震活动构造背景
F1.实皆断裂；F2.高黎贡断裂；F3.澜沧江断裂；F4.德钦-中甸断裂；F5.金沙江断裂；F6.甘孜-理塘断裂；F7.丽江-木里断裂；Ⅰ.印度陆块；Ⅱ.羌塘陆块(Ⅱ1.左贡地块；Ⅱ2.昌都地块)；Ⅲ.甘孜地块；Ⅳ.滇中地块；图b据刘俊来等(2011)修改
Fig. 1. The active structure background of Diqing earthquake in Yunnan Province
图 2 迪庆地震震区等震线分布
据云南、四川地震局公开数据修改
Fig. 2. Distribution of isoseismal zone about Diqing earthquake
图 3 迪庆及其邻区构造应力场分布
修编自钱晓东等(2011)，震源机制解引自Havard CMT(http://www.globalcmt.org/CMTsearch.html)
Fig. 3. Distribution of tectonic stress field in and around Diqing area
图 4 滇西北及邻区2-638阶次卫星重力异常(单位：mGal)
采用了2003—2010年的GRACE重力卫星跟踪数据，25年LAGEOS卫星激光测距数据以及2009—2011年的GOCE卫星观测数据.参考半径6 378 km.采用EIGEN-6C2模型(Förste et al., 2012, http://icgem.gfz-potsdam.de/ICGEM/).将该模型计算到2-638阶次，可以有效反映10 km深度地壳物质密度分布情况；等值线间隔：20 mGal
Fig. 4. The satellite gravity anomalies of 2-638 order in Northwest Yunnan Province and its adjacent region
图 5 香格里拉-木里P波速度与地壳结构剖面
图中虚线为低速体，速度单位km/s，修编自马宏生等(2008)
Fig. 5. The Shangrila-Muli profile of P wave velocity and crustal structure
图 6 香格里拉-木里P波速度结构和发震构造综合解释
F2.高黎贡断裂；F3.澜沧江断裂；F4.德钦-中甸断裂；F6.甘孜-理塘断裂；F7.丽江-木里断裂；速度单位km/s，修编自马宏生(2007)
Fig. 6. Comprehensive geophysical interpretation profile of P wave velocity structure and seismogenic structure along Shangrila-Muli
表 1 本次地震震源机制结果
Table 1. Results of mechanism solutions of earthquake
节面Ⅰ 节面Ⅱ P轴 T轴 N轴 ΦS δ λ ΦS δ λ AZ PL AZ PL AZ PL 97° 42° -95° 284° 48° -85° 237° 85° 11° 3° 101° 3° 注：ΦS.走向；δ.倾角；λ.滑动角；AZ.方位角；PL.倾角. 
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