Desorption Characteristics of Chlorobenzene from Clay
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摘要: 为探索低浓度乙醇溶液中氯苯(Chlorobenzene，简称CB)在土壤中的迁移行为，以武汉市某化工厂受CB污染土壤为研究对象，设计正交试验，开展了淋洗条件筛选、最佳条件的验证和解吸动力学研究3组实验.优化出的最佳淋洗条件为常温、液土比(mL/g)为25∶1、淋洗液中乙醇体积浓度为10%、淋洗时间为2 h；在最优淋洗条件下，CB的提取率为90%；且CB解吸规律符合Freundlich吸附模型.以低浓度乙醇为淋洗剂修复受CB污染土壤，不仅可实现污染土壤修复的目标，同时还能够保留土壤功能，避免造成二次污染.Abstract: The chlorobenzene (CB) desorption characteristics on clay matrix at room temperature condition were investigated to examine the CB's migration under a low concentration of ethanol. To find out if the CB polluted the soil (clay) of the Chemical Factory at Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, three series of experiments were performed in this study. The first is the best leaching filtering condition. The second is the verification of the result of the best leaching condition and the third is testing the desorption kinetics of CB on clay. The results show that the solution to soil ratio (mL/g) was 25∶1 and ethanol concentration of 10% had the best leaching condition at 2 h at the room temperature. Moreover, the extraction rate of the chlorobenzene in soil was 90% under the best leaching condition. It was found that all desorption isotherm data of CB in clay could be best described with Freundlich equations. Using a low concentration of ethanol to restore the CB polluted clay is practicable. It can prevent secondary pollution while retaining the soil function as well.
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Key words:
- chlorobenzene /
- clay /
- ethanol /
- leaching /
- desorption kinetics /
- pollution detection
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表 1 土壤样品主要理化性质参数
Table 1. Physiochemical properties of soil
序号 项目 结果 1 粘粒(%) 34.0 2 粉粒(%) 58.0 3 砂粒(%) 8.0 4 样品性质 粉砂质粘土 5 pH 7.3 6 有机质(%) 1.5 7 含水率(%) 22.0 8 CB含量(mg·kg-1) 84.9±5.5 9 渗透系数(cm·s-1) 3.7×10-5 注：1.颗粒组成由全白动激光粒度分析仪(LS230)测得各土壤各个粒径的分布百分比，根据国际制标准划分(黄昌勇，2000)；2.土壤有机质测定参照ISO 10694-1995测定；3.土壤含水率参照ISO 11461-2001测定方法规范测定. 
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表 2 正交设计
Table 2. Orthogonal array
序号 时间(h) 浓度(%) 液土比(mL/g) 温度(℃) 序号 时间(h) 浓度(%) 液土比(mL/g) 温度(℃) 1 4 4 20∶1 25 14 8 6 5∶1 25 2 10 2 10∶1 25 15 2 6 20∶1 40 3 8 2 15∶1 30 16 2 2 5∶1 20 4 2 4 25∶1 30 17 6 4 15∶1 20 5 6 2 20∶1 35 18 10 10 15∶1 40 6 4 6 15∶1 35 19 2 8 15∶1 25 7 8 4 10∶1 40 20 6 10 25∶1 25 8 10 4 5∶1 35 21 4 10 5∶1 30 9 10 8 20∶1 30 22 8 10 20∶1 20 10 8 8 25∶1 35 23 10 6 25∶1 20 11 6 8 5∶1 40 24 2 10 10∶1 35 12 4 8 10∶1 20 25 6 6 10∶1 30 13 4 2 25∶1 40
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表 3 CB正交设计实验结果
Table 3. Orthogonal experiment results of CB
序号 提取率(%) 加标回收率(%) 残留率(%) 加标回收率(%) 序号 提取率(%) 加标回收率(%) 残留率(%) 加标回收率(%) 1 50.0 69.37 44.0 71.50 14 3.3 67.54 67.0 68.23 2 ＜0.6 70.24 91.0 69.24 15 60.0 71.34 8.3 69.48 3 4.1 71.43 83.0 72.52 16 5.4 74.43 71.0 74.21 4 82.0 72.85 7.2 73.45 17 35.0 73.17 34.0 68.36 5 33.0 75.19 54.0 72.80 18 34.0 67.10 43.0 72.10 6 39.0 71.33 50.0 68.37 19 52.0 74.56 17.0 72.83 7 ＜0.6 71.64 82.0 64.62 20 87.0 69.12 5.4 68.33 8 ＜0.6 69.87 82.0 67.14 21 20.0 71.66 56.0 68.15 9 48.0 73.22 33.0 73.60 22 64.0 72.57 12.0 71.37 10 74.0 70.09 ＜0.6 68.17 23 62.0 67.26 16.0 73.77 11 2.1 67.87 81.0 71.83 24 37.0 71.83 26.0 71.83 12 38.0 69.61 37.0 67.27 25 4.2 73.56 57.0 71.98 13 66.0 72.43 7.2 73.30
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表 4 输入/移去的变量
Table 4. Input/output variable
模型 输入的变量 移去的变量 方法 1 液土比 - 逐步筛选法(标准：F-to-enter的概率≤0.050，F-to-remove的概率≥0.100). 2 浓度 - 逐步筛选法(标准：F-to-enter的概率≤0.050，F-to-remove的概率≥0.100). 3 时间 - 逐步筛选法(标准：F-to-enter的概率≤0.050，F-to-remove的概率≥0.100).
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表 5 模型汇总
Table 5. Model summary
模型 R R2 修正R2 标准估计的误差 Durbin-Watson 1 0.88 0.77 0.76 14 2.3 2 0.94 0.88 0.86 10 2.3 3 0.97 0.94 0.93 7 2.3
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表 6 方差分析
Table 6. Analysis of variance
模型 项目 平方和 df 均方 F Sig. 回归 14 785.12 1 14 785.121 78.223 0.000 1 残差 4 347.30 23 189.013 - - 总计 19 132.42 24 - - - 回归 16 742.00 2 8 370.999 77.042 0.000 2 残差 2 390.42 22 108.656 - - 总计 19 132.42 24 - - - 回归 18 003.02 3 6 001.007 111.583 0.000 3 残差 1 129.40 21 53.781 - - 总计 19 132.42 24 - - -
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表 7 回归系数
Table 7. Regression coefficient
模型 变量 非标准化系数 标准系数 t Sig. B的95.0% 置信区间 B 标准误差 下限 上限 1 (常量) -15.708 6.448 - -2.436 0.023 -29.048 -2.368 液土比 3.439 0.389 0.879 8.844 0.000 2.635 4.244 (常量) -34.476 6.593 - -5.230 0.000 -48.148 -20.804 2 液土比 3.439 0.295 0.879 11.665 0.000 2.828 4.051 浓度 3.128 0.737 0.320 4.244 0.000 1.599 4.657 3 (常量) -19.410 5.585 - -3.475 0.002 -31.025 -7.795 液土比 3.439 0.207 0.879 16.581 0.000 3.008 3.871 浓度 3.128 0.519 0.320 6.032 0.000 2.050 4.206 时间 -2.511 0.519 0.257 -4.842 0.000 -3.589 -1.433
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