Hydrocarbon Charge History of Yingdong Oilfield, Western Qaidam Basin
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摘要: 柴达木盆地西部英东地区多期构造运动导致油气分布复杂，勘探难度大.采用油气地球化学、流体包裹体、定量荧光以及傅里叶红外光谱等方法系统分析英东地区油气成藏演化过程.研究表明：(1)英东地区新近系储层发育黄色和蓝色荧光两类油包裹体和天然气包裹体，黄色荧光和蓝色荧光油气包裹体对应两期油气充注时间分别为12 Ma和5 Ma.(2)现今油藏原油具有同源-低熟的特点，黄色荧光油包裹体成熟度较低与现今油藏原油特征相似, 是现今油藏的主要贡献者.(3)蓝色荧光油包裹体的成熟度较高，蓝色荧光油包裹体和气烃包裹体是早期低熟原油沿后期构造产生的断层疏导体系向上调整运移至浅层分馏和脱气的产物.通过以上分析明确了英东油藏经历了下油砂组(N21)沉积末期(12 Ma)的低熟原油充注和上油砂组(N22)沉积末期(5 Ma)至今油气调整与改造的成藏过程, 与喜山期主要构造活动期有很好的对应关系，反映构造活动对油气成藏具有重要控制作用.Abstract: The Yingdong oilfield, western Qaidam basin, is an important petroleum exploration front in the basin. However, the distribution of oil-gas-water is complex due to the complex structures and the pervasive faulting in the reservoirs and the petroleum accumulation process is still to be probed in detail. The petroleum accumulation process in the area was investigated by using an integrated grain fluorescence, fluid inclusion and organic geochemical analyses in this study. The results show follows: (1) There were two episodes of oil charge in N21-N22, as reflected by three types of hydrocarbon inclusions, occurred in around 12 Ma and 5 Ma, respectively. (2) The current oil accumulations in the oilfield derived from upward migration of palaeo-oil reservoirs in the depth are from the same sources. (3) The QGF index which is larger than 2 and the development of yellow fluorescent hydrocarbon inclusions with low mature crude oil indicate that there existed crude oil with low maturity recharge in the early stage. Such crude oil came from the same low mature oil source and there is no high mature oil in the source. The decreasing of light component with increasing buried depth indicates that the blue fluorescent hydrocarbon inclusions and gas hydrocarbon inclusions resulted from the late tectonic activity and the fault adjusted upward migration degassing channel system. The Yingdong oilfield has great exploration potential because of the inheritance structural development and the occurrence of two episodes of hydrocarbon accumulations.
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图 1 柴达木英东油藏地质略图
据青海油田(2012).英东油藏石油预测储量汇报，花土沟
Fig. 1. Simplified geological sketch of the Yingdong oilfield, Qaidam basin, western China
图 2 英东地区原油族组成(a)和原油姥植比(Pr/Ph)与nC21-/nC22+的关系(b)
Fig. 2. SARA compositions of Yingdong oils (a) and relationship between (Pr/Ph) and nC21-/nC22+ (b)
图 3 英东油藏不同部位原油特征分布
据青海油田(2012).英东油藏石油预测储量汇报，花土沟
Fig. 3. Characteristics of crude oils in different reservoir units from the Yingdong oilfield
图 4 英东103井QGF-E参数及光谱特征及测井曲线特征
Fig. 4. QGF-E depth profile and spectra in the Yingdong-103 well, with Gamma ray and resistivity logs are used as references
图 5 烃类包裹体特征及赋存状态
a.黄色荧光油包裹体，气液比5%，紫外光；b.黄绿色荧光油包裹体，气液比8%，紫外光；c.蓝色荧光油包裹体，气液比4%，紫外光；d.蓝色荧光油包裹体，气液比20%，紫外光；e.蓝色荧光油包裹体，气液比60%，紫外光+单片光；f.蓝色荧光油包裹体，气液比87%，紫外光+单片光；g.气包裹体，成分以甲烷为主，单片光；英东107井，1 776.9 m，N21
Fig. 5. Typical hydrocarbon inclusions and their occurrence
图 7 英东地区包裹体测温结果(a)与油气充注期次(b)
英东107井，N21，1 908.2 m
Fig. 7. Distribution of fluid inclusion homogenization temperature (a) and hydrocarbon charge timing (b) in the Yingdong area
图 8 C21-/C22+随深度变化的趋势
Fig. 8. Relationship between depth and the C21-/C22+ in the Qaidam basin
图 9 柴达木盆地英东地区油气充注模式
Fig. 9. Oil and gas accumulation model for the Yingdong oilfield in the Qaidam basin
表 1 英东油气藏原油参数统计
Table 1. Geochemical parameters of crude oils in the Yingdong oilfield
井号 井段(m) 层位 A(%) B(%) C(%) D(‰, PDB) E F G H I J 砂37井 711.7~716.2 N22 67.193 12.925 19.882 -25.9 0.90 0.50 1.71 0.59 0.28 0.40 砂37井 796.0~800.0 N22 68.173 7.608 24.219 -25.6 0.90 0.52 1.93 0.55 0.28 0.40 砂37井 813.5~816.0 N22 71.488 4.207 24.305 -26.0 0.91 0.51 1.31 0.53 0.30 0.41 砂37井 1 036.5~1 040.0 N22 68.000 6.955 25.045 -25.7 1.00 0.53 1.88 0.55 0.28 0.40 砂37井 1 095.0~1 101.0 N22 66.393 7.919 25.687 -25.7 0.92 0.49 1.79 0.55 0.28 0.40 砂37井 1 128.5~1 132.0 N22 64.478 6.032 29.489 -25.6 0.91 0.53 1.62 0.58 0.28 0.40 砂37井 1 186.0~1 189.0 N22 69.024 7.772 23.204 -25.7 0.92 0.49 1.74 0.50 0.27 0.40 砂40井 1 557.0~1 577.0 N22 67.983 5.794 26.223 -25.8 0.97 0.50 1.71 0.52 0.28 0.39 注：A.饱和烃；B.芳烃；C.非烃+沥青；D.全油δ13C；E.OEP；F.Pr/Ph；G.nC21-/nC22+；H.Gam/C30霍烷；I.Ts/Tm；J.C2920S(20S+20R). 
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