Geochemistry and Comprehensive Utilization on Tailings of Tonglüshan Mine, Daye, Hubei Province
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摘要: 对尾矿进行深入细致的研究, 认真分析其物理化学组成将为矿山环境的治理以及尾矿的综合利用提供重要的科学依据.探讨了铜绿山矽卡岩型铜铁矿床尾矿砂的矿物组合特征和地球化学特征, 初步研究了稀硫酸溶液萃取尾矿砂中有价金属元素方法的可行性.研究结果表明: 尾矿砂先后经过化学冶选和长期堆存风化, 矿物组成发生显著改变, 以粘土矿物(高岭石和伊利石)为主; 尾矿中的铜矿物以氧化铜为主, 尾矿砂中金属元素的活动性明显增强, 含量从顶部到第6层逐渐增加, 并在尾砂库的第6层强烈富集, 重金属铜具有回收利用的价值.Abstract: The study on the tailings and their physical and chemical compositions can provide important scientific basis for the control of the mine environment and the proper utilization of tailings. The mineral and geochemical characteristics of the tailings of the skarn copper-iron deposits in the Tonglüshan copper deposit are studied in the paper, Hubei Province, and the heavy metals are extracted and separated by the dilute sulfuric acid.The results show that mineral compositions of the tailings have changed significantly after chemical mineral processing and the long-term physical and chemical weathering. The main form of copper mineral is copper oxide in the tailings, with heavy metals increasingly enriched from the top down. The enrichment of heavy metal elements peaks in the sixth horizon of the tailing pond. It is found that the copper in the tailing pond has potential recycle value.
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Key words:
- tailings /
- mineral /
- heavy metal /
- recycle /
- geochemistry
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表 1 尾砂库垂直剖面尾砂矿物含量(%)
Table 1. Vertical profile of mineral contents in tailings
样品编号 高岭石 伊利石 方解石 铁白云石 石英 钠长石 阳起石 蒙脱石 TD-1(0 cm) 5.25 53.09 15.68 5.72 12.58 5.21 2.47 - TD-2(30 cm) 3.32 59.81 16.81 2.60 12.19 2.58 2.70 - TD-3(40 cm) 9.65 61.03 15.02 0.98 9.42 1.67 - 2.24 TD-4(60 cm) 4.38 44.57 14.75 12.88 8.68 2.33 2.05 10.37 TD-5(80 cm) 14.01 20.36 31.79 8.92 18.81 6.11 - - TD-6(120 cm) 8.14 27.55 30.84 14.66 9.38 6.37 3.05 - TD-7(140 cm) 4.92 47.48 25.51 10.27 6.99 2.30 0.70 1.84 TD-8(160 cm) 4.00 36.54 14.04 29.22 8.12 6.12 1.96 - 注：-表示未检出. 
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表 2 尾砂库垂直剖面尾砂主量元素含量(%)
Table 2. Vertical profile of major element contents in tailings
样品编号 SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO Na2O K2O TiO2 MnO TD-1(0 cm) 29.50 5.04 14.35 18.70 6.91 0.43 0.98 0.16 0.29 TD-2(30 cm) 31.90 5.23 12.70 19.30 7.35 0.34 1.00 0.18 0.29 TD-3(40 cm) 33.80 7.04 13.90 19.45 6.64 1.00 1.00 0.19 0.31 TD-4(60 cm) 27.40 3.32 19.95 20.10 5.25 0.26 0.49 0.14 0.34 TD-5(80 cm) 26.00 5.58 15.85 20.20 6.05 0.28 0.80 0.20 0.33 TD-6(120 cm) 28.10 4.60 22.50 18.75 4.76 0.32 0.61 0.19 0.34 TD-7(140 cm) 29.60 5.36 20.50 19.10 3.75 0.31 0.64 0.22 0.31 TD-8(160 cm) 24.20 3.62 19.15 20.50 5.97 0.31 0.63 0.14 0.35
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表 3 尾砂垂直剖面中金属元素的含量(mg/kg)
Table 3. Vertical profile of mental contents in tailings
样品编号(深度) Cu Pb Zn Cd Cr Ni TD-1(0 cm) 884 8.6 299 1.13 15 8.3 TD-2(30 cm) 1 020 10.7 317 1.23 22 9.7 TD-3(40 cm) 1 505 12.9 350 0.43 21 10.1 TD-4(60 cm) 1 885 9.3 324 0.44 11 9.2 TD-5(80 cm) 1 560 15.0 385 0.47 22 11.0 TD-6(120 cm) 4 390 21.1 381 0.61 18 10.7 TD-7(140 cm) 2 790 23.4 358 0.63 27 9.3 TD-8(160 cm) 780 10.1 256 0.33 29 10.0 平均值 1 851.75 13.89 333.75 0.66 20.63 9.85 变异系数 0.66 0.40 0.13 0.51 0.29 0.10
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表 4 硫酸对金属元素的提取效果
Table 4. The effect of sulfuric acid to extract metal elements
样品 Cu(mg/kg) Pb(mg/kg) Zn(mg/kg)) 分离前 分离后 分离前 分离后 分离前 分离后 T10-D-2 1 020 523 10.7 5.2 317 112.38 T10-D-4 1 885 672 9.3 5.4 324 99.25 T10-D-6 4 390 1 861 21.1 18.1 381 295.70 T10-D-8 780 440 10.1 5.8 256 119.50 平均提取率 53.57% 37.53% 52.40%
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