Numerical Simulation of Response Characteristic of Neutron Porosity Logging While Drilling
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摘要: 随钻中子孔隙度测井在随钻地层评价中发挥重要作用, 对其响应特性研究具有重要意义.利用蒙特卡罗方法建立随钻条件下地层模型, 模拟研究随钻中子孔隙度测井响应特性.模拟结果表明: 随钻和电缆测井相同条件下中子孔隙度响应变化趋势相同, 随钻中子孔隙度曲线反映孔隙度灵敏程度高于电缆测井, 但其测井响应受钻铤影响较大; 探测深度与地层孔隙度有关, 文中条件下探测深度和纵向分辨率分别为28 cm和19 cm; 在水平井和大斜度井中, 测量方位对中子孔隙度曲线影响较大; 相对倾角α越小, 中子孔隙度曲线过渡区域中点越接近地层界面; α小于60°时, 中子孔隙度曲线受围岩影响可忽略.Abstract: Neutron porosity logging while drilling (LWD) plays an important role in formation evaluation under LWD environment, so it has a great significance to study the logging response characteristic. Monte Carlo method is employed to build formation modeling under LWD conditions, and the response characteristic is simulated. The results reveal that the changing trend of porosity response of neutron logging while drilling is similar to that of wireline under the same conditions, the sensitivity of porosity curve in LWD to porosity is higher than wireline, but the neutron porosity logging response of LWD is affected severely by the drilling collar. The depth of investigation is related to formation porosity, and the depth of investigation and vertical resolution under the conditions in this paper is 28 cm and 19 cm, respectively. In high angle and horizontal wells, the effect of measurement azimuth on neutron porosity curve is slight. When the relative dip α is low, the midpoint of transition area of neutron porosity curve is close to the boundary surface. If α is less than 60°, the effect of the adjacent formation on porosity curve can be ignored.
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图 1 单个中子与物质的随机作用过程
作用过程：1.非弹性散射；2.裂变；3.种子俘获；4.中子逃逸；5.光子散射；6.光子逃逸；7.光子俘获
Fig. 1. Random action process of one neutron with materials
图 3 随钻与电缆测井中子孔隙度响应关系对比
Fig. 3. Comparison of neutron porosity response between LWD and wireline
图 4 随钻和电缆测井中子孔隙度绝对灵敏度(a)和相对灵敏度(b)随孔隙度变化曲线
Fig. 4. Relationship of absolute and relative sensitivity to neutron porosity in LWD and WL logging
图 5 α=0时视中子孔隙度模拟计算值与测量参考点关系曲线
Fig. 5. Relation of simulated value of apparent porosity and reference point for measurement when α=0
图 6 仪器穿过不同距离砂岩目的层时中子孔隙度响应曲线
Fig. 6. Porosity response curve when tool travels through target sand formation with different intervals
图 7 相对倾角为10°(a)和85°(b)时仪器穿过地层界面不同测量方位中子孔隙度响应曲线
Fig. 7. Porosity response curve of different measurement azimuth when tool travels through boundary surface with relative angle of 10° and 85 °
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