EDZ Assessment for Underground Cavern by Acoustic Wave Method
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摘要: 洞室开挖不可避免地会损伤岩体, 对于规模巨大、布置异常复杂的水电地下厂房围岩尤甚, 合理地确定开控损伤区(EDZ)分布成为地下洞室的信息化设计、施工和安全运营的关键性问题.在引入EDZ概念及强EDZ、弱EDZ和基本未损区分区的基础上, 提出采用声波测试方法来确定强EDZ和弱EDZ的分布.将声波波速-深度曲线划分为Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型等3种曲线类型, 根据曲线特征点, 对EDZ进行定性、半定量的初判.根据波速计算得出的损伤因子D, 对强、弱EDZ和基本未损区进行定量的判别.首次提出的基于声波测试法, 定性、半定量和定量相结合的综合研判法具有创新性, 为客观评价地下洞室EDZ提供了科学的方法.Abstract: Excavation Damaged Zone (EDZ) assessment is important for the design, execution and operation of modern underground engineering. However, it is very difficult to determine EDZ because of the complexity of lithology, geostress, excavation method, cavern size and shape, etc.. Based on its definition, EDZ is subdivided into excavation highly damaged zone (EHDZ), excavation slightly damaged zone (ESDZ) and basically undamaged zone in this paper. Acoustic wave velocity method is suggested to determine EDZ. The acoustic wave curves are classified into type Ⅰ, type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ. EHDZ and ESDZ can be qualitatively determined by characteristic points of acoustic wave curves. A damage factor D calculated by the acoustic wave velocities is adapted to quantitatively assess EDZ. It is found that the comprehensive method and index provide us a good assessment of EDZ for underground caverns.
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Key words:
- underground cavern /
- Excavation Damaged Zone /
- acoustic wave method /
- damage factor /
- geology engineering /
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图 4 声波速度-深度曲线类型
a.Ⅰ型声波曲线；b.Ⅱ型声波曲线；c.Ⅲ型声波曲线
Fig. 4. Curve types of acoustic velocity versus the depth
图 5 损伤因子与波速前后变化率和完整性系数的对应关系
Fig. 5. Relationship among damage factor, variation of acoustic wave velocity and integrity coefficient
图 6 声波-深度曲线
a.测点(a)：C1718+008S1-20121118(Ⅰ型波速曲线)；b.测点(b)：C1718+106X2-20130804(Ⅱ型波速曲线)；c.测点(c)：C1697+073S1-20130805(Ⅲ型波速曲线)
Fig. 6. Curves of acoustic velocity versus the depth
图 7 损伤因子D-深度曲线
a.测点(a)：C1718+008S1-20121118；b.测点(b)：C1718+106X2-20130804；c.测点(c)：C1697+073S1-20130805
Fig. 7. Curves of damage factor D versus the depth
图 9 测点(a)：C1718+008S处损伤因子D随时间而变化
Fig. 9. Changes of damage factor D with time at C1718+008S
表 1 损伤因子D与EDZ划分
Table 1. Damage factor D and EDZ dassifi catior
围岩分区 损伤因子D 损伤程度 声波曲线特征 强EDZ (EHDZ) D≥0.6 损伤显著 波速低、衰减快、降幅大 弱EDZ (ESDZ) 0.6＞D＞0.2 有损伤 波速有降低，曲线起伏大，具有震荡性 基本未损区(UDZ) D≤0.2 基本未损伤 波速高，曲线波动幅度小，渐趋定值 
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表 2 基于声波曲线特征和损伤因子D的EDZ判别结果
Table 2. Results of and EDZ assessment based on the curve characteristics of acoustic wave and damage factor D
测点 声波曲线特征 损伤因子D 差值 强EDZ(m) 弱EDZ(m) 强EDZ(m) 弱EDZ(m) (a) 4.0 5.0 2.4 5.0 强EDZ∶1.6m弱EDZ：0m (b) 4.0 8.0 4.0 8.0 0 (c) 2.0 - 2.0 - 0
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