Hydrocarbon Accumulation Models and Main Controlling Factors in Liaodong Bay Depression
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摘要: 为深入研究辽东湾断陷油气成藏机理, 利用地震、钻井、地化、试油等资料, 在分析油气成藏条件与特征的基础上, 总结划分了辽东湾断陷的典型油气成藏模式, 并对比分析了不同成藏模式的主控因素.研究成果表明: 辽东湾断陷具有优越的油气成藏条件, 发育沙三段、沙一段和东三段3套烃源岩系和上、中、下3套储盖组合及多类型输导介质, 已发现的油气藏类型以构造型为主; 油气纵向上以东二段、潜山和沙一二段最为富集, 横向上主要分布在断裂带附近.辽东湾断陷的油气成藏模式可划分为单向单源单一潜山型、单向单一古储型、复合古储型、单向深源复合新储型和自生自储自盖型5大类15个亚类.潜山型油气藏主要分布在辽西低凸起北段和中段, 成藏主控因素为流体动力和潜山物性; 单一古储型油气藏主要分布在辽西、辽中凹陷的洼陷带和陡坡带, 成藏主要受断层控制, 烃源岩成熟度控制了油气性质; 复合古储型油气藏主要分布在辽西低凸起中北段和辽中凹陷南洼缓坡带, 成藏主控因素主要为流体动力和输导通道; 新储型油气藏主要分布在辽东湾南部大断层附近, 油气富集主要受盖层和新近系断裂活动的共同控制; 自生自储自盖油气藏主要分布在生烃洼陷烃源岩内部, 主要受储层物性的影响.Abstract: To further explore the hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism in Liaodong bay depression, its typical accumulation models are summarized and grouped, and the main controlling factors of each model are studied in this paper based on the analyses of hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and characteristics using seismic, drilling, geochemical and oil testing data. The research results show that Liaodong bay depression has superior hydrocarbon accumulation conditions including three sets of source rocks (Es3, Es1 and Ed3), three reservoir-cap assemblages (upper, middle and lower), multi-type of conducting medium, and the oil and gas reservoirs which have been found are mainly tectonic reservoirs. The distribution rule of reservoirs is rich in Pre-E, Ed2 and vertical Es1+2 formation and abundant in the transverse fault zones. The hydrocarbon accumulation models of Liaodong bay depression can be grouped into 5 major types and 15 sub-types, including one-direction single-source single-migration path Pre-E reservoir, one-direction single-migration path Palaeocene reservoir, complex-migration path Palaeocene reservoir, one-direction deep-source complex-migration path Neogene reservoir and self-source-reservoir-capping reservoir. The Pre-E reservoir is mainly distributed in the northern and central sections of Liaoxi low uplift and the main controlling factors are hydrodynamic and physical property of Pre-E formation. Single-migration path Palaeocene reservoirs are mainly distributed in the sag zones and steep slope zones of Liaoxi and Liaozhong sag, and the main controlling factors are fault and maturity of the source rock. Complex-migration path Palaeocene reservoirs are mainly distributed in the northern and central sections of Liaoxi low uplift and the gentle slope zone of Liaozhong southern sag, and the main controlling factors are hydrodynamic and migration path. Neogene reservoirs are mainly distributed in the fault zones of southern part of Liaodong bay depression, and the hydrocarbon accumulation of this type is mainly controlled by cap rock and the faulting of Neogene. Self-source-reservoir-capping reservoirs are mainly formed in the inner part of the source rock, and mainly influenced by the physical property of the reservoir.
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图 2 辽东湾断陷全区及主要油气田储层物性分布直方图
Fig. 2. The pore ratio and permeability distribution histogram of main reservoirs in Liaodong bay depression
图 3 辽东湾地区主要油气藏生储盖组合
Fig. 3. The source-reservoir-cap assemblage of major oil and gas reservoirs in Liaodong bay area
图 4 辽东湾断陷典型油气藏特征
Fig. 4. The characteristics of typical reservoirs in Liaodong bay depression
图 5 辽东湾地区典型油气藏剖面示意图
a.JZ9-3；b.JZ21-1；c.JX1-1；d.LD27-2；e.LD5-2；f.JZ20-2；g.JZ25-1S；h.SZ36-1；i.JZ31-1；j.LD16-1
Fig. 5. The profiles of main reservoirs in Liaodong bay area
图 6 辽东湾地区温压系统与油气分布关系
Fig. 6. Relation of the temperature-pressure system and the oil and gas distribution in Liaodong bay
图 7 辽东湾地区油气成藏模式划分及其主控因素
Fig. 7. Division of models and main controlling factors of the hydrocarbon accumulation in Liaodong bay area
图 8 辽东湾断陷油气成藏模式综合图
Fig. 8. The comprehensive map of the accumulation models in Liaodong bay depression
图 9 辽东湾LZ267测线剩余压力演化史
Fig. 9. The evolving history of excess pressure for line LZ267 in Liaodong bay
表 1 辽东湾断陷烃源岩特征统计
Table 1. The source rock statistical table of Liaodong bay depression
层段 统计值 有机碳含量(%) 氯仿沥青“A”含量(%) 总烃含量(10-6) 生烃潜量(mg/g) 成熟度(%) 全区 范围 0.50~4.74 0.010 2~1.342 5 27.78~8 505.69 0.02~39.99 0.26~2.09 均值/样品数 1.62/1 033 0.180 9/1 147 898.36/1 147 6.5/1 034 0.473 5/1 089 东三段 范围 0.52~4.74 0.019 9~0.526 0 58.53~2 686.00 0.03~39.99 0.28~0.99 均值/样品数 1.50/472 0.107 6/333 412.78/333 5.9/374 0.473 9/330 沙一段 范围 0.50~3.86 0.006 1~1.316 6 27.11~7 488.26 0.02~33.18 0.46~0.79 均值/样品数 1.80/185 0.175 6/616 1 157.28/616 7.7/188 0.503 6/69 沙三段 范围 0.50~4.49 0.011 4~1.342 5 60.35~8 505.69 0.06~34.19 0.28~2.09 均值/样品数 1.64/376 0.253 0/198 1 049.20/198 6.5/472 0.566 9/256 
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