Evolution of Sedimentary Basins in Qiangtang-Sanjiang from Paleozoic to Mesozoic
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摘要: 羌塘-三江构造-地层大区的古生代-中生代沉积盆地和构造演化受特提斯洋的控制.通过综合分析前人对羌塘-三江地区大量岩石地层、生物地层、同位素年代学及构造学等研究资料，对羌塘-三江构造-地层大区各分区古生代-中生代的沉积盆地类型进行了划分，并分析了各个沉积盆地的形成和演化过程，探讨了该区的大地构造演化：早古生代该区主体属于大洋环境；晚古生代随着特提斯洋向南东、北东方向的俯冲，该区开始发育一系列活动陆缘沉积盆地，产生金沙江弧后洋、澜沧江弧后洋和甘孜-理塘弧后洋，形成多岛洋弧盆系；中生代，随着特提斯洋向北东的俯冲消减，弧后洋逐渐闭合，羌塘-三江地区发生大规模弧-弧、弧-陆碰撞增生，逐渐转化成陆.随着白垩纪特提斯洋的闭合，印度板块与中国西部碰撞、造山，羌塘-三江地区发育陆内盆地.Abstract: The structure and evolution of Qiangtang-Sanjiang during Paleozoic-Mesozoic sedimentary basins were controlled by the Tethys. On the basis of the exploration of previous studies on lithostratigraphy, fossil assemblages, isotopic geochronology and tectonics of the study area, this paper classifies the sedimentary basins of Qiangtang-Sanjiang region, and analyzes the formation and evolution of each sedimentary basin. During the Early Paleozoic, Qiangtang-Sanjiang basins were mostly ocean environment; with the subduction of the Tethys Ocean to the northeastward and southeastward in Late Paleozoic, the active margin sedimentary basins developed in this area, forming Jinshajiang back arc-ocean, Lancangjiang back arc-ocean and Ganzi-Litang back arc-ocean and then the multiple island arc-basin systems of eastern Tethys system gradually formed. During the Mesozoic, with the subduction of the Tethys in Late Triassic in Qiangtang-Sanjiang, three arc-basins gradually closed, then large-scale arc-arc collision and arc-continent collision occurred in this area. This area eventually entered intracontinental evolution stage from the active margin sedimentary basins, Due to the close of Tethys in Cretaceous, the Indian plate and western China collided, inland basins developed in Qiangtang-Sanjiang.
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Key words:
- Qiangtang-Sanjiang /
- active continental margin /
- Tethys /
- sedimentology /
- tectonics /
- basin evolution
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图 1 羌塘-三江构造-地层大区地层区划简图
(据潘桂棠等, 2009, 2013修改)
Fig. 1. The location and stratigraphic subregion map of Qiangtang-Sanjiang
图 2 羌塘-三江古生代沉积盆地演化示意
(据奚跃昆和王鸿祯(1985)；潘桂棠等(2009, 2013)修改)
a.寒武纪到奥陶纪时期，羌塘-三江地区主体还是为海相，巴颜喀拉地层区的松潘地区由于俯冲增生隆起成陆；b.北羌塘地块逐渐增大，松潘地体在奥陶纪之前一直增大，到志留纪由于巴颜喀拉弧后洋盆的扩张而缩小；c.泥盆纪金沙江洋开始形成，经过石炭及早二叠扩张洋盆达到最大，晚二叠世开始向西俯冲、洋盆开始缩小.①甜水海边缘海(DC)、陆缘裂谷(P)；②巴颜喀拉被动陆缘斜坡(D3C)、弧后陆坡(P)；③西金乌兰-金沙江俯冲增生杂岩带(DP)；④曲麻莱-雅江边缘海混积浅海(C)；⑤甘孜-理塘弧前盆地(C-P)；⑥义敦-沙鲁弧背盆地(D、P2-3)；⑦勉戈-青达柔弧后盆地(P2-3)；⑧中咱-中甸碳酸盐岩台地(D-P)；⑨治多-江达-维西-绿春弧海山增生带(DP)；⑩乌兰乌拉湖碳酸盐岩台地(D)、弧后盆地(Cp1)；B11昌都-兰坪-思茅碳酸盐岩台地(C)、弧后盆地(P)；B12开心岭-杂多-景洪边缘海(C)、弧-陆壳残片增生带(P)；B13澜沧江弧后盆地(DP)；B14临沧隆；B15那底岗日-格拉丹东边缘海混积浅海(C1、P3)；B16北羌塘碳酸盐岩台地(D)、边缘海、混积浅海(CP)Fig. 2. The distribution of sedimentary basins in Qiangtang-Sanjiang during Paleozoic
图 3 羌塘-三江中生代沉积盆地演化示意
(据奚跃昆和和王鸿祯(1985)；潘桂棠等(2009, 2013)修改)
图a中, ①甜水海碎屑岩浅海(T2-J1)；②巴颜喀拉-雅江残余海盆(T1-2)；③西金乌兰-雅江俯冲增生杂岩带(D-T)；④义敦-沙鲁弧背盆地(P2-T)；⑤中咱-中甸边缘海混积浅海(T)；⑥昌都-芒康弧后盆地(P-T)；⑦开心岭-杂多-景洪弧-陆壳残片增生带(P2-T)；⑧雁石坪残余海盆(T)；⑨羌塘浅海(T).图b中，①巴颜喀拉前陆盆地(T3)；②西金乌兰-治多残余海盆(T3)-前陆盆地(J1)；③玉树-甘孜-理塘弧前盆地(T3)；④义敦-沙鲁弧背盆地(T3)；⑤治多-江达-维西-绿春弧-海山增生带(T)；⑥中咱-中甸边缘海混积浅海(T3)；⑦昌都-思茅双向弧后盆地(T3)-前陆盆地(J1)；⑧治多-江达-维西-绿春前陆盆地(J1-2)；⑨开心岭-杂多-景洪弧陆-壳片增生带(T3)-前陆盆地(J1)；⑩碧罗雪山-崇山-临沧弧后盆地(T3)-前陆盆地(J1)；B11北羌塘残余海盆(T3)-那底岗日-格拉丹东弧背盆地(T3J1)；B12乌兰乌拉湖-澜沧江蛇绿混杂岩带(T3)-前陆盆地(J1).图c中，①可可西里断陷盆地(K)；②若拉岗日-多索岗日压陷盆地(J2-K)；③唐古拉弧后前陆盆地(J)；④开心岭-杂多-景洪弧盆系；⑤昌都-思茅压陷盆地(J3-K)；⑥昌宁-孟连前陆盆地群(J2-K)Fig. 3. The distribution of sedimentary basins in Qiangtang-Sanjiang in Mesozoic
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