Evolution of Sedimentary Basins in China during Mesozoic
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摘要: 在综合分析中生代早-中三叠世、晚三叠世-早白垩世、晚白垩世-白垩纪3个时段中国沉积盆地分布、充填序列、岩相古地理和构造古地理的基础上, 建立了中国中生代沉积盆地的时空演化, 并探讨了中国中生代沉积盆地的时空演化与中生代构造运动的响应关系, 认为: (1)随着亚洲洋俯冲消亡及天山-兴蒙造山系形成, 中国北方地区总体处于古亚洲洋消亡以后, 陆块汇聚碰撞背景, 西北地区盆山格局基本定型, 南部古特提斯洋的双向俯冲消减, 在北羌塘-三江多岛弧盆系中的一系列弧后洋盆相继俯冲消亡; (2)晚三叠世的"印支运动"使古亚洲陆最终固结并向外增生, 中国己经基本形成了南海北陆的分布格局, 绝大部分地区进入陆内演化阶段.印支期以后, 华南中部上隆, 隔开了西部的古地中海域和东部的古太平洋海域; (3)中侏罗世以来, 在古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆俯冲的影响下, 整个中国东部卷入滨太平洋构造域, 西太平洋型活动大陆边缘形成.中国东北大部分地区为弧内裂陷(火山沉积)盆地; 华北-阿拉善陆块东西分化, 中西部主要发育压陷盆地或断陷盆地或坳陷盆地, 东部则形成与古太平洋板块俯冲有关的陆缘岩浆弧弧内裂陷盆地; 华南则以雪峰山为界, 东部广泛发育与陆缘岩浆弧演化相关的弧内裂陷盆地, 西侧则发育陆内大型压陷盆地、断陷盆地或断坳盆地.中国西南则仍然为多岛洋弧盆系格局.Abstract: Based on the comprehensive analysis of the sedimentary basin distribution, filling sequences, lithofacies palaeogeography in the three periods of T1-2, T3-J1, J2-K in Mesozoic, the spatiotemporal revolution characteristics of the sedimentary basins during Mesozoic are summarized, the response relationship between the tectonic movement and the space-time revolution of the sedimentary basins during Mesozoic are discussed. And the conclusions as follows are drawn. (1) Along with the subduction of the Paleo-Asia ocean and the forming of the Tianshan-Xingmeng orogenic belt, the northern China was generally in a stage of landmass collision, and the basin-mountain pattern of northwest area also basically finalizes. In the south, a series of back arc oceanic basins in the north Qiangtang-Sanjiang archipelagic arc-basin system died off successively results from the two-way subduction of the Paleo-Tethys ocean. (2)The Indosinian movement in Late Triassic made the Paleo-Asia come to final solidification and outward expansion, and large-scale regression in south made most areas in China enter an intracontinental evolution phase. After the Indosinian movement, the west paleo-Mediterranean region and the east Paleo-Pacific were separated by the uplift of the central South China. (3) Since Middle Jurassic, the whole eastern China was involved in Pacific tectonic process, and the active continental margin of West Pacific Ocean formed affected by the Pacific Plate sliding beneath the Eurasian Plate. Most of the Northeast China developed iintra-arc rift (volcanic sedimentary) basin, while the North China continental block and the Alashan land block became divided. The mid-west area mainly consists of compressional basins, rift basins or depression basins, and the east developed intra-arc rift basins of epicontinental magma arc.In South China, drawing the Xuefeng Mountain as borderline, the east also developed iintra-arc rift basins related to the evolution of epicontinental magma arc, while the west developed large intracontinental compressional basins, rift basins or depression basins. The southwest area was still in a archipelagic arc-basin system pattern.
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Key words:
- Mesozoic /
- sedimentology /
- tectonics /
- basin evolution
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图 1 中国早中三叠世沉积盆地特征
本图地质资料来源：中国810幅1∶25万建造构造图(2011年版)为基础资料，充分补充了近年来的基础地质调查研究成果，资料截止时间为2012年10月.本图地理资料来源：国内部分以《中华人民共和国1∶250万数字地质图空间数据库》(2001年版)为基本资料，补充了最新省界资料，资料截止时间为2002年11月，国外部分引用中国地图出版社1998年出版的1∶250万《中华人民共和国全图》.本图上中国国界线系按照中国地图出版社1998年出版的1∶400万《中华人民共和国地形图》绘制.图 2~4资料来源相同.Ⅰ.中国北部构造区：Ⅰ-1.朝阳坳陷盆地(P2-T)；Ⅰ-2.贺兰山前陆盆地(P2-T)；Ⅰ-3.鄂尔多斯前陆盆地(P2-T)；Ⅰ-4.五台-太行前陆盆地(T)；Ⅰ-5.大兴安岭弧背盆地(D3-T1)；Ⅰ-6.小兴安岭弧背盆地(D3-T1)；Ⅰ-7.完达山弧前盆地(T2-J1)；Ⅱ.中国东部构造区：Ⅱ-1.龙门山-荆门内陆棚(T2)；Ⅱ-2.上扬子混积陆表海(P3-T2)；Ⅱ-3.南盘山-右江陆缘裂陷盆地(P2-T2)；Ⅱ-4.河池-合山碳酸盐台地(P1-T2)；Ⅱ-5.下扬子(苏皖)被动陆缘(P2-T1)；Ⅱ-6.下扬子混积台地(P2-T1)；Ⅱ-7.湘南碳酸盐台地(P2-T1)；Ⅱ-8.萍乡-樟树交互陆表海(T2)；Ⅱ-9.闽粤混积陆表海(D2-T2)；Ⅲ.中国西部构造区：Ⅲ-1.甜水海碎屑岩浅海(T2-J1)；Ⅲ-2.西金乌兰-雅江俯冲增生杂岩带(D-T)；Ⅲ-3.南祁连混积台地(C-T)；Ⅲ-4.走廊坳陷盆地(P-T)；Ⅲ-5.鄂拉山残余海盆(T1-2)；Ⅲ-6.东昆仑南坡弧背盆地(C-T)；Ⅲ-7.巴颜喀拉-雅江残余海盆(T1-2)；Ⅲ-8.西倾山-南秦岭-勉略前陆盆地；Ⅲ-9.甘孜-理塘弧前盆地(C-T)；Ⅲ-10.义墩-沙鲁弧背盆地(P2-T)；Ⅲ-11.勉戈-青达柔弧后盆地(P2-T)；Ⅲ-12.中咱混积浅海(T)；Ⅲ-13.金沙江俯冲增生杂岩带(D-T2)；Ⅲ-14.昌都-芒康弧后盆地(P-T)；Ⅲ-15.那曲-洛隆弧前盆地(T-K)；Ⅲ-16.拉萨-雅江弧间盆地(C-T)；Ⅲ-17.拉岗轨日陆缘斜坡(T)；Ⅲ-18.北喜马拉雅混积台地(T-K)；Ⅲ-19.盐源-丽江被动陆缘(T1-2)；Ⅲ-20.保山碳酸盐台地(T2)；Ⅲ-21.准噶尔断陷盆地(P-K)；Ⅲ-22.三塘孜断陷盆地(P-K)；Ⅲ-23.伊犁断陷盆地(T2-J)；Ⅲ-24.塔里木压陷盆地(T-Q)；Ⅲ-25.雅鲁藏布江洋盆(C1-K1)；Ⅲ-26.昌都-兰坪-思茅弧-陆壳残片增生带；Ⅲ-27.雁石坪残余海盆(T).1.走滑断层；2.弧前、弧后、弧间盆地；3.残余海盆；4.弧-陆壳残片增生带；5.逆断层；6.陆缘斜坡；7.弧背盆地；8.性质不明断层；9.俯冲增生杂岩带；10.内陆棚；11.大型逆冲断层；12.陆缘裂陷盆地；13.交互陆表海；14.构造分区编号；15.碎屑岩浅海；16.混积浅海；17.陆相盆地；18.被动陆缘盆地；19.混积陆表海；20.前陆盆地；21.混积台地、碳酸盐台地；22.洋盆
Fig. 1. The characteristics of sedimentary basins in the Early-Middle Triassic in China
图 2 中国晚三叠世-早侏罗世沉积盆地特征
Ⅰ.西北盆山构造区: Ⅰ-1.克拉玛依断陷盆地(T-J); Ⅰ-2.富蕴-青河断陷盆地(J1); Ⅰ-3.伊宁断陷盆地(T-J); Ⅰ-4.乌鲁木齐断陷盆地(T3); Ⅰ-5.喀木斯特断陷盆地(T-J); Ⅰ-6.三塘湖断陷盆地(T-J); Ⅰ-7.库车断陷盆地(T-J); Ⅰ-8.吐哈断陷盆地(T-J); Ⅰ-9.塔南压陷盆地(T-J); Ⅰ-10.星星峡走滑拉分盆地(T-J); Ⅰ-11.芒崖-索尔库里走滑拉分盆地群(J1); Ⅰ-12.阿日音哈日前陆盆地(J1); Ⅰ-13.北山弧间盆地(T3); Ⅰ-14.阿拉善右旗断陷盆地(J1); Ⅱ.华北-东北陆缘区: Ⅱ-1.漠河前陆盆地(J1); Ⅱ-2.兴蒙压陷盆地群(J1); Ⅱ-3.完达山弧前盆地或弧内裂陷盆地(T3-J1); Ⅱ-4.长春-延吉弧内裂陷盆地(T3J1); Ⅱ-5.包头走滑拉分盆地(J1); Ⅱ-6.燕辽坳陷盆地群(T3)、火山断陷盆地(J1); Ⅱ-7.辽吉陆缘弧内裂陷盆地群(T3-J1); Ⅱ-8.辽东岩浆弧；Ⅱ-9.鄂尔多斯前陆盆地(T2-3-J1-2); Ⅱ-10.合肥压陷盆地(J1); Ⅲ.秦祁昆陆内造山构造区: Ⅲ-1.大柴旦压陷盆地(J1-2); Ⅲ-2.中南祁连陆表海盆地(T3); Ⅲ-3.北祁连-走廊坳陷盆地(T); Ⅲ-4.东昆仑-西秦岭火山沉积陆内裂陷盆地(T3-J1); Ⅳ.西南多岛洋弧盆系构造区: Ⅳ-1.可可西里-松潘前陆盆地(T2-3-J1-2); Ⅳ-2.西金乌兰-金沙江-哀牢山构造带；Ⅳ-2-1.西金乌兰湖-治多弧盆系(T2-3); Ⅳ-2-2.金沙江蛇绿混杂岩带(T3); Ⅳ-2-3.哀牢山基地逆推带；Ⅳ-3.甘孜-理塘构造带；Ⅳ-3-1.玉树-甘孜-理塘弧前盆地(T3); Ⅳ-3-2.义敦-沙鲁弧背盆地(T3); Ⅳ-3-3.勉戈-青达柔弧后盆地(T3); Ⅳ-4.中咱-中甸边缘海盆地(T3); Ⅳ-5.昌都-兰坪-思茅构造带；Ⅳ-5-1.治多-江达-维西-绿春弧-海山增生带(T)、前陆盆地(J2); Ⅳ-5-2.昌都-思茅双向弧后盆地(T3); Ⅳ-5-3.开心岭-杂多-景洪俯冲增生杂岩带(T3); Ⅳ-6.碧罗雪山-崇山-临沧岩浆弧；Ⅳ-7.乌兰乌拉湖-澜沧江蛇绿混杂岩带；Ⅳ-8.藏下河-明镜湖残余海盆(T3)、弧背盆地(T3-J1); Ⅳ-9.龙木错-双湖残余海盆(T3-J1); Ⅳ-10.喀喇昆仑-南羌塘-左贡构造带；Ⅳ-10-1.喀喇昆仑-南羌塘活动陆缘陆坡(T3); Ⅳ-10-2.吉塘-左贡残余海盆(T3-J1); Ⅳ-11.班公湖-怒江构造带；Ⅳ-11-1.班公-怒江洋盆(T-J); Ⅳ-11-2.昌宁-孟连弧背盆地(T2-J2); Ⅳ-12.冈底斯-察隅弧盆系(T-J); Ⅳ-13.雅鲁藏布江洋盆(T3); Ⅳ-14.喜马拉雅被动大陆边缘(T-J); Ⅳ-15.保山陆内裂陷盆地(T3); Ⅳ-16.楚雄前陆盆地(T3-J1); Ⅳ-17.川滇周缘前陆盆地(T3-J1); Ⅳ-18.南盘江前陆盆地(T2-3); Ⅴ.东南陆缘构造区: Ⅴ-1.中扬子北部周缘前陆盆地(T3-J1-2); Ⅴ-2.下扬子周缘前陆盆地(T2-3-J1); Ⅴ-3.湘西北周缘前陆盆地(J1-2); Ⅴ-4.湘西断陷盆地(T3-J1-2); Ⅴ-5.湘西南断陷盆地(J1-2); Ⅴ-6.十万大山前陆盆地(T3-J1); Ⅴ-7.六万大山-大容山海陆交互陆表海(T3-J1); Ⅴ-8.华南海陆交互陆表海(盆地)(T3)、断陷压陷盆地(T3-J1-2); Ⅴ-9.粤西-闽西弧内裂陷盆地(T3-J1); Ⅴ-10.云开弧内裂陷盆地(J1); Ⅴ-11.大南澳洋.1.二三分区界线; 2.大洋拉张方向; 3.陆内裂陷盆地、火山沉积断陷盆地；4.弧前盆地; 5.走滑断层; 6.分区代号; 7.洋盆及蛇绿、混杂岩带; 8.弧间盆地; 9.逆断层; 10.陆相断陷、坳陷、压陷、拉分盆地; 11.边缘海; 12.俯冲增生杂岩带; 13.性质不明断层; 14.前陆盆地、周缘前陆盆地; 15.陆表海盆地; 16.陆缘弧前裂陷盆地、弧内裂陷盆地; 17.大型逆冲断层; 18.双向弧后盆地; 19.被动陆缘盆地; 20.活动陆缘; 21.前陆逆冲方向; 22.残余海盆; 23.岩浆弧; 24.逆推带、高压折返带; 25.大洋俯冲方向; 26.弧盆系; 27.弧背盆地
Fig. 2. The characteristics of sedimentary basins in the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic in China
图 3 中国中侏罗世至白垩纪沉积盆地特征
Ⅰ.中国东部活动陆缘构造区：Ⅰ-1.阿尔泰-兴蒙造山系；Ⅰ-1-1.漠河前陆盆地(J1-2); Ⅰ-1-2.塔河-满洲里弧内裂陷盆地(J2-K1); Ⅰ-1-3.大兴安岭弧内裂陷盆地(J3-K2); Ⅰ-1-4.海拉尔火山沉积断陷盆地(K2); Ⅰ-1-5.东乌旗-乌努尔弧内裂陷盆地(J3-K2); Ⅰ-1-6.松辽弧后断陷盆地(K); Ⅰ-1-7.小兴安岭弧内裂陷盆地(J3-K2); Ⅰ-1-8.佳木斯弧内裂陷盆地(T3-K); Ⅰ-1-9.完达山洋盆(J1-2)、蛇绿混杂岩带(J2-K); Ⅰ-1-10.张广才岭弧内裂陷盆地(T3-K1); Ⅰ-1-11.延吉-东宁弧内裂陷盆地(T3-K1); Ⅰ-1-12.二连浩特弧内裂陷盆地(J3-K2); Ⅰ-2.燕辽弧盆系: Ⅰ-2-1.燕辽弧内裂陷盆地(J2-K); Ⅰ-2-2.下辽河断陷盆地(K2); Ⅰ-2-3.辽东-吉南弧内裂陷盆地(J3-K1); Ⅰ-3.华北陆块区: Ⅰ-3-1.乌拉特后旗-阴山压陷盆地(J-K); Ⅰ-3-2.大青山压陷盆地(J-K1); Ⅰ-3-3.河套断陷盆地(J-K); Ⅰ-3-4.鄂尔多斯压陷盆地(J-K); Ⅰ-3-5.晋中断陷盆地(J1-2); Ⅰ-3-6.淮北断陷盆地(K); Ⅰ-3-7.东营断陷盆地(K); Ⅰ-3-8.郯庐断裂拉分盆地群(K); Ⅰ-3-9.合肥断陷盆地(K); Ⅰ-4.中下扬子盆山构造区: Ⅰ-4-1.江汉断陷盆地(J2-K); Ⅰ-4-2.长江中下游拉分盆地群(J3-K); Ⅰ-4-3.常德断陷-坳陷盆地(K1-E2); Ⅰ-4-4湘东断陷盆地群(J1-E); Ⅰ-4-5.十万大山断陷-坳陷盆地(J-E); Ⅰ-5.东南沿海弧盆系: Ⅰ-5-1.东南沿海弧内裂陷盆地(J3-K); Ⅰ-5-2.大南澳洋(J)、蛇绿混杂岩带(K); Ⅱ.西北盆山构造区: Ⅱ-1.克拉玛依-白石湖断陷盆地(J-K); Ⅱ-2.伊宁-昭苏断陷盆地(T2-J); Ⅱ-3.库尔勒断陷盆地(J2-K); Ⅱ-4.吐哈压坳陷地(J-K); Ⅱ-5.塔南压陷盆地(J-K1); Ⅱ-6.木孜塔格走滑断陷盆地(J-K); Ⅱ-7.索尔库里走滑断陷盆地(J-K); Ⅱ-8.柴达木断陷盆地(J-K1); Ⅱ-9.公婆泉-大红山-额济纳旗坳陷盆地(J-K1); Ⅱ-10.包尔乌拉-乌拉特后旗坳陷盆地(K1-2); Ⅱ-11.包尔乌拉-乌拉特后旗断陷盆地(K); Ⅱ-12.阿拉善断陷盆地(J2-K); Ⅱ-13.走廊断陷盆地群(J-K1); Ⅱ-14.西宁断陷盆地(J-K); Ⅱ-15.兰州断陷盆地(J-K); Ⅱ-16.玛沁-合作断陷盆地群(J1-K); Ⅱ-17.天水压陷盆地(J-K); Ⅱ-18.青铜峡-宝鸡断陷盆地(J-K); Ⅲ.西南多岛洋盆弧盆系构造区；Ⅲ-1.可可西里断陷盆地(K); Ⅲ-2.若拉岗日-多索岗日压陷盆地(J2-K); Ⅲ-3.唐古拉弧后前陆盆地(J); Ⅲ-4.羌塘被动陆缘-残余海盆(J2-3); Ⅲ-5.班公湖-怒江洋盆(C-K1)、蛇绿混杂岩带(K2); Ⅲ-6.冈底斯弧盆系(J-K); Ⅲ-7.雅鲁藏布弧背盆地(J2-K); Ⅲ-8.喜马拉雅被动陆缘裂谷(J-K); Ⅲ-9.昌宁-孟连前陆盆地群(J2-K1); Ⅲ-10.昌都-思茅压陷盆地(J3-K); Ⅲ-11.楚雄前陆盆地(T3-K); Ⅲ-12.大巴山前陆逆带(J1-2); Ⅲ-13.四川压陷盆地(J-K); Ⅲ-14.湘鄂黔前陆逆推带(J2-E2); Ⅲ-15.右江前陆逆推带(K)
Fig. 3. The characteristics of sedimentary basins in the Middle Jurassic-Cretaceous in China
4a 古亚洲洋中生代沉积盆地时空演化
图 4a说明; mc.海陆交互陆表海; ce.碎屑岩陆表海; ca.碳酸盐岩陆表海; me.混积陆表海; PM.被动陆缘; sh.陆棚; is.内陆棚; os.外陆棚; sl.陆缘斜坡; mg.陆缘裂陷; CP.碳酸盐岩台地; pl.台地; mp.混积台地; ip.台盆: ss.边缘海碎屑岩浅海; cm.边缘海混积浅海; ir.陆内裂谷; mr.陆缘裂谷; FB.前陆盆地; PF.周缘前陆盆地; FT(VFT).断陷盆地(火山); DW(VDW).坳陷盆地(火山); FD(VFD). 断陷-坳陷盆地(火山); IG(VIG).陆内裂陷盆地(火山); DB(VDB).压陷盆地(火山); PB(VPB).拉分盆地(火山); OB.洋盆; RS.残余海盆; al.活动陆缘陆坡; as.活动陆缘陆棚; FO.弧前盆地; cma. 陆缘弧; rb.弧背盆地; ib.弧间盆地; iag.弧内裂陷盆地; fg.弧前裂陷盆地; BA.弧后盆地; bsh.弧后陆棚; BF.弧后前陆盆地; OM.蛇绿混杂岩带; SA.俯冲增生杂岩带; sm.海山; asm.弧-海山增生带; mcz.弧陆壳残片增生带; 图 4b~4f同此说明
4a. The spatiotemporal revolution characteristics of the sedimentary basins during Mesozoic in Paleo-Asia ocean
4b 古亚洲洋中生代沉积盆地时空演化
4b. The spatiotemporal revolution characteristics of the sedimentary basins during Mesozoic in Paleo-Asia ocean
4c 华北、塔里木陆块中生代沉积盆地时空演化
4c. The spatiotemporal revolution characteristics of the sedimentary basins during Mesozoic in North China and Tarim land plate
4d 秦岭一祁连一昆仑造山系中生代沉积盆地时空演化
4d. The spatiotemporal revolution characteristics of the sedimentary basins during Mesozoic in Qinling-Qilian-K unlun orogenic system
4e 华南(扬子陆块和武夷一云开造山系)中生代沉积盆地时空演化
4e. The spatiotemporal revolution characteristics of the sedimentary basins during Mesozoic in South China
-
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