内蒙古林西地区晚二叠世-早三叠世孢粉组合及三叠系的发现

杨兵; 张雄华; 葛梦春; 赵省民; 韦一; 黄兴; 栾腾飞; 魏信祥; 杨志勇

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2014.074

内蒙古林西地区晚二叠世-早三叠世孢粉组合及三叠系的发现

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2014.074

1.
中国地质大学地球科学学院，湖北武汉 430074
2.
中国地质调查局油气资源调查中心，北京 100029
3.
甘肃省地矿局第三地质矿产勘察院，甘肃兰州 730050

基金项目:

中国地质调查局项目“内蒙古1∶25万锡林浩特市、林西县幅区调修测” 1212010510507

详细信息

作者简介:
杨兵(1986-)，男，硕士，主要从事地层古生物研究.E-mail: yangbinwbsy@126.com

中图分类号: P534
计量
- 文章访问数: 3344
- HTML全文浏览量: 158
- PDF下载量: 472
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2013-09-04
- 刊出日期: 2014-07-15

Late Permian-Early Triassic Palynological Assemblages in Linxi, Inner Mongolia and Discovery of Triassic Strata

1.
Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2.
Oil & Gas Survey, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100029, China
3.
The Third Institute and Mineral Exploration of Gansu Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Lanzhou 730050, China

摘要

摘要: 内蒙古林西县官地剖面二叠系林西组第五段灰色、深灰色板岩中发现了大量孢粉化石，经鉴定计有54属90种，以蕨类植物孢子和裸子植物花粉为主，见有较多晚二叠世的常见分子，根据其与邻区的孢粉生物地层对比，确定林西组第五段时代为晚二叠世晚期.该剖面林西组第六段中发现有孢粉化石9属9种，其孢粉组成成分呈现出早三叠世孢粉组合特征，其时代应为早三叠世.由于林西组第六段岩性特征也发生变化，出现了紫灰色的粉砂质板岩夹层，且见有少量火山角砾.与下伏典型的林西组在岩性上有较大的差别，而与区域上下三叠统老龙头组相似.综合岩性特征、古生物化石特征、古气候特征及与邻区对比，将原划为林西组第六段的地层改划为下三叠统老龙头组.三叠系/二叠系界线划在林西组第五段与老龙头组之间.
- 孢粉组合 /
- 晚二叠世 /
- 早三叠世 /
- 林西组 /
- 老龙头组 /
- 地层学
Abstract: Large amount of spores and pollen (mainly consist of pteridophyta spores and gymnospermous pollen), including 54 genera and 90 species, were discovered in the fifth member of Late Permian Linxi Formation, Guandi section, Linxi, Inner Mongolia. The fifth member of Linxi Formation was assumed to belong to the Late Permian, for the preservations of special Late Permian spores and pollen, and biostratigraphic correlations to adjacent areas. 9 genera and 9 species were also found from the sixth member of Linxi Formation. They should belong to the Early Triassic, for the existing characteristics of the Early Triassic palynological assemblages. In addition, the lithology of the sixth member of Linxi Formation varies from that of the underlain parts of Linxi Formation, but similar to that of adjacent Laolongtou Formation, for the yielding of purple-gray silty slate and volcanic breccias interbeds. The sixth member of Linxi Formation might belong to the Early Triassic Laolongtou Formation, evidenced by the integration of lithology, fossils, paleo-climate records and correlations to adjacent areas. The Permian-Triassic boundary is placed in the interval between the fifth member of Linxi Formation and Laolongtou Formation.
- palynological assemblage /
- Late Permian /
- Early Triassic /
- Linxi Formation /
- Laolongtou Formation /
- stratigraphy

HTML全文

图 1 研究区地质简图

Fig. 1. Geological sketch of the study area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 内蒙古林西县官地剖面晚二叠世林西组综合柱状图

1.变质岩屑砂岩；2.砂岩；3.泥质粉砂岩；4.板岩；5.粉砂质板岩；6.灰岩；7.孢粉化石

Fig. 2. Composite stratigraphic column of Guandi section, Linxi, Inner Mongolia in Late Permian Linxi Formation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 官地剖面晚二叠世至早三叠世部分常见孢粉

a.光面三缝孢(未定种)Leiotriletes sp.登记号：NMGD-8-1样号：GD-8-1；b.南方桫椤孢Cyathidites australis登记号：NMGD-19-1样号：GD-19-1；c.苏伯格克劳斯双囊粉Klausipollenites schaubergeri登记号：NMGD-19-7样号：GD-19-1；d.考克西拟苏铁粉Cycadopites coxii登记号：NMGD-27-1样号：GD-27-1；e.三片孢(未定种)Tripartites sp.登记号：NMGD-27-4样号：GD-27-1；f.碟囊粉(未定种)Platysaccus sp.登记号：NMGD-27-7样号：GD-27-1；g.苛达粉(未定种)Cordaitina sp.登记号：NMGD-8-4样号：GD-8-1；h.圆形块瘤孢(未定种)Verrucosisporites sp.登记号：NMGD-8-6样号：GD-8-1；i.弗氏粉(未定种)Florinites sp.登记号：NMGD-19-15样号：GD-19-1；j.柳别尔弗氏粉Florinites luberae登记号：NMGD-8-24样号：GD-8-1；k.伦德布莱孢(未定种)Lundbladispora sp.登记号：NMGD-19-26样号：GD-19-1；l.圆形光面孢Punctatisporites sp.登记号：NMGD-33-28样号：GD-33-1；m.戈来单束多肋粉Protohaploxypinus goraiensis登记号：NMGD-27-22样号：GD-27-1；n.伦德布莱孢(未定种)Lundbladispora sp.登记号：NMGD-33-1样号：GD-33-1；o.开通粉(未定种)Caytonipollenites sp.登记号：NMGD-33-5样号：GD-33-1；p.梭沟阿里粉Alisporites fusiformis登记号：NMGD-8-33样号：GD-8-1；q.直接光面三缝孢Leiotriletes directus登记号：NMGD-33-14样号：GD-33-1；r.离层单缝孢(未定种)Aratrisporites sp.登记号：NMGD-33-15样号：GD-33-1；s.拟苏铁粉(未定种)Cycadopites sp.登记号：NMGD-33-18样号：GD-33-1；t.小桫椤孢Cyathidites minor登记号：NMGD-33-19样号：GD-33-1；u.双束松粉(未定种)Pinuspollenites sp.登记号：NMGD-33-22样号：GD-33-1；v.宽肋粉(未定种)Taeniosporites sp.登记号：NMGD-33-23样号：GD-33-1(所有孢粉的实体化石及图片均保存于中国地质大学(武汉)地球科学学院微体古生物实验室，化石图片均放大800倍)

Fig. 3. The representative pollen grains of Late Permian to Early Triassic in Guandi section

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 内蒙古林西地区官地剖面早三叠世老龙头组与邻区岩性对比

Fig. 4. Comparison of lithological between Guandi Section in Linxi, Inner Mongolia and adjacent regions in Early Triassic Laolongtou Formation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 内蒙古林西官地剖面晚二叠世至早三叠世孢粉属种及含量统计

Table 1. Palynological categories and content statistic of Late Permian to Early Triassic in Guandi Section, Linxi, Inner Mongolia

属种名称	8层	19层	27层	33层
Leiotriletes cyathidites	3.0	1.0	1.0
L.direcyus				5(粒)
L.gracilis	2.0	2.0	2.0
L.pseudolevis		2
L.sp.	2.0		1.0
Cyathidites australis	1.0	2.0	1.0
C.minor				6(粒)
Calamospora lingulata		1.0	1.0
Calamospora cf. microrugosa	1.0		1.0
C. cf. mollita		1.0
Punctatisporites incomptus	2.0	3.0	2.0
P. palmipedites	1.0	1.0	2.0
P.sp.				3(粒)
Cyclogranisporites cf. arenosus	1.0	2.0
C. aureus		1.0	2.0
C. microgranus	2.0	2.0	2.0
Lophotriletes novicus		1.0	1.0
L. paramictus	1.0		1.0
Verrucosisporites ovimammus		2.0	2.0
V. sinensis	1.0
V. sp.		2.0	2.0
Dictyophyllidites sp.	1.0
Gulisporites sp.		2.0	2.0
Retusotriletes mesozoicus		1.0	1.0
Granulatisporites cf. papilosus		2.0
Apiculatisporis cf. spinosus	2.0	1.0
Apiculatasporites perirugosus	2.0	1.0
Converrucosisporites sp.	2.0	1.0
Schopfites sp.		1.0
Triquitrites bacidus	1.0	1.0
T. microgranifer			1.0
T. reticulatus	1.0	1.0	1.0
T. zhoukouensis		1.0	1.0
T. sp.	2.0		1.0
Tripartites sp.		2.0	1.0
Callisporites cerebriformis		1.0
Knoxisporites instarrotulae	2.0		1.0
Patellisporites tiaomaensis	1.0	1.0
Verrucingulatisporites sp.	2.0		1.0
Verruciretusispora sp.	2.0		1.0
Laevigatosporites cf. vulgaris	2.0	1.0	1.0
L. sp.	1.0	2.0	1.0
Lunalasporites vulgaris		1.0
Torispora securis	2.0		2.0
Perinomonoletes sp.			1.0
Perocanoidospora clatrata	1.0		1.0
Lycospora sp.	1.0		1.0
Perotrilites sp.		1.0
Lundbladispora sp.		1.0	1.0	2(粒)
Densosporites sp.	2.0	2.0	2.0
Aratrisporites sp.				2(粒)
Vesicaspora fusiformis	3.0	1.0	2.0
V. platysaccoides	1.0		1.0
V. sp.	2.0	2.0	2.0
Klausipollenites angustus	2.0	2.0	2.0
K. decipiens	2.0	2.0	2.0
K. sp.	1.0	2.0	1.0
K. schaubergeri		1.0
Platysaccus insignis		2.0	3.0
P. papilionis	1.0	1.0
P. cf. Papilionis		1.0	2.0
P. sp.	2.0		1.0
Piceaepollenites reticulatus	1.0		1.0
P. sp.	1.0	1.0
Vitreisporites pallidus	2.0	1.0	1.0
Pteruchipollenites caytoniformis		1.0	2.0
Falcisporites sublevis	1.0	1.0	2.0
Alisporites fusiformis	2.0	1.0
Protopinus rhomboidea	3.0	2.0	4.0
Caytonipollenites sp.				2(粒)
Vittatina cf. cincinata	1.0	2.0
V. fusiformis	2.0	2.0
V. multicostata	2.0	1.0	2.0
V. vittifera	1.0	1.0	1.0
V. sp.	1.0	1.0
Illinites sp.		1.0	1.0
I. cf. unicus	1.0
Chordasporites sp.	1.0	2.0	2.0
Lueckisporites sp.	2.0	1.0	2.0
Protohaploxypinus goraiensis	2.0	3.0	2.0
P. cf. globus	1.0	1.0
P. sp.	1.0	1.0	2.0
Taeniosporites sp.				3(粒)
Florinites luberae	1.0	1.0
F. sp.	1.0	2.0	2.0
Cordaitina sp.	1.0	1.0	1.0
Corisaccites quadratoides	2.0	1.0	2.0
Potonieisporites cf. novicus	2.0	2.0	2.0
P. cf. clarus		2.0	1.0
P. sp.	2.0	2.0	1.0
Vestigisporites sp.	1.0	1.0
Limitisporites lepidus	2.0	3.0	2.0
Jugasporites sp.	1.0		1.0
Pinuspollenites sp.				6(粒)
Classopollis sp.	1.0
Ephedripites steevesii	2.0	1.0
Cycadopites coxii	1.0	2.0	2.0
Cycadopites sp.				4(粒)
蕨类植物孢子合计	43.0	47.0	46.0	18(粒)
裸子植物花粉合计	57.0	53.0	54.0	15(粒)
注：除第33层外，其余单位为%.

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(61)

[1]	Balme, B.E., 1970. Palynology of Permian and Triassic Strata in the Salt Range and Surghar Range, West Pakistan, Stratigraphic and Boundary Problems: Permian and Triassic of West Pakistan. University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, 305-474.
[2]	Gao, W.P., Hong, H.L., Yin, K., et al., 2013. Fine Structure and Their Genetic Significance of Clay Minerals from the Permian-Triassic Boundary, Huaxi Area, Guizhou Province. Earth Science —Journal of China University of Geosciences, 38(6): 1053-1062 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2013.122
[3]	Clarke, R.F.A., 1965. British Permian Saccate and Monosulcate Miospores. Palaeontology, 8(2): 322-354. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?res_dat=xri:pqm&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info:xri/sid:baidu&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:article&genre=article&jtitle=Palaeontology&atitle=British%20Permian%20saccate%20and%20monosulcate%20miospores
[4]	He, Z.J., Liu, S.W., Wang, Y., et al., 1998. A New Discovery of Triassic Fossils in Bairin Youqi, Inner Mongolia. Journal of Stratigraphy, 22(4): 293-294, 314 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-DCXZ804.006.htm
[5]	Hou, J.P., 1990. Late Permian Spores and Pollen Assemblage in Duwa District, Hotian, Xinjiang. Xinjiang Geology, 8(1): 47-58 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-XJDI199001005.htm
[6]	Hou, J.P., 2004. Two Sporo-Pollen Assemblages of Guodikeng Formation and Discussion on the Premo-Triassic Boundary in Junggar Basin, Xinjiang. Professional Papers of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, 28: 177-203 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DCGW200400014.htm
[7]	Hou, J.P., Shen, B.H., 1989. Research on the Boundary between Permian and Triassic in Tianshan Mountain of China. China Ocean Press, Beijing, 30-36 (in Chinese).
[8]	Hou, J.P., Wang, Z., 1990. Palynology of the Permian of Northern Xinjiang. Strata from Permian to Tertiary in Northern Xinjiang and Palynological Assemblage. China Environmental Science Press, Beijing, 12-36(in Chinese).
[9]	Huang, Y., Dai, C.G., Xiong, X.G., et al., 2003. Discovery of the Late Permian and Early Triassic Strata in the Area of Bandaohu, Xinjiang and Its Significance. Guizhou Geology, 20(1): 16-19 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-GZDZ200301004.htm
[10]	Jin, Y.G., Shang, Q.H., Hou, J.P., et al., 2000. Stratigraphical Lexicon of China—Permian. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, 74-77 (in Chinese).
[11]	Klaus, W., 1963. Sporen Aus Dem Sudalpinen Perm. Jahrbuch Geologische Bundesanstalt, Wien, 106: 229 -361. http://www.researchgate.net/publication/285025726_Sporen_aus_dem_sudalpinen_Perm
[12]	Li, Q., Wu, S.Z., Qu, X., et al., 2002. Key Climatic Events during Carboniferous-Triassic in Junggar. Xinjiang Geology, 20(3): 192-195 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/285100497_Key_climatic_events_during_carboniferous-Triassic_in_Junggar
[13]	Liang, Z.F., 1982. Some Bivalve Fossils and Relating the Stratum in the Late Permian in the North of the Northeast and the East of the Inner Mongolia. Bulletin of Shenyang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, 4: 130-148 (in Chinese).
[14]	Liu, H.F., 1992. Discovery of the Permian-Triassic Strata in the Kulai, Hami, Xinjiang and Their Significance. Journal of Northwest University, 22(2): 209-218 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-XBDZ199202019.htm
[15]	Liu, Z.S., 1996. Early Triassic Spores and Pollen Assemblage of Wuzunsayi Formation in Duwa District, Pishan, Xinjiang. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 35(Suppl. ): 37-59 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.cqvip.com/QK/86894X/199624/4001157267.html
[16]	Liu, Z.S., 2000. The Permian-Triassic Boundary on the Northern Margin of the Turpan-Hami Basin of Xinjiang, NW China. Journal of Stratigraphy, 24(4): 310-315 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.mendeley.com/research/earliest-permian-peltaspermum-some-gymnospermous-seeds-southern-border-turpanhami-basin-xinjiang-china/
[17]	Nan, J.Y., Zhou, D.Q., Ye, J.L., et al., 1998. Geochemistry of Paleoclimate and Paleo-ocean Environment during Permian-Triassic in Guizhou Privince. Acta Mineralogica Sinica, 18(2): 239-249 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-KWXB199802019.htm
[18]	Ouyang. S., Li, Z, P., 1980. Microflora of Kayitou Bed in Fuyuan, Yunnan Province, and Its Paleobotany and Strata Significance. Science Press, Beijing (in Chinese).
[19]	Piasecki, S., 1984. Preliminary Palynostratigraphy of the Permian-Lower Triassic Sediments in Jameson Land and Scoresby Land, East Greenland. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, 32: 139-144. http://www.researchgate.net/publication/237300331_Preliminary_palynostratigraphy_of_the_Permian_-_Lower_Triassic_sediments_in_Jameson_Land_and_Scoresby_Land_East_Greenland
[20]	Tao, M. H., Li, B., He, S.P., et al., 2009. The Triassic Strata in the Erlian Basin, Inner Mongolia. Journal of Stratigraphy, 33(3): 260-267 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DCXZ200903009.htm
[21]	Tian, S.F., Chen, Z.Q., Huang, C.J., 2014. Orbital Forcing and Sea-Level Changes in the Earliest Triassic of the Meishan Section, South China. Journal of Earth Science, 25(1): 64-73. doi: 10.1007/s12583-014-0400-3
[22]	Wang, X.F., Chen, X. H, 2005. Stratigraphic Division and Correlation of Each Geologic Period in China. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, 277-355 (in Chinese).
[23]	Yan, J.X., Zhao, K., 2002. Permo-Triassic Paleogeographic, Paleoclimatic and Paleoceanographic Evolutions in Eastern Tethys and Their Coupling. Science in China (Series D), 32(9): 751-759 (in Chinese). http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical_zgkx-ed200111002.aspx
[24]	Yang, Y.J., Zhang, L.D., Zhang, L.J., et al., 2012. Division and Correlation of the Triassic Strata in Daxing'anling Region. Geology and Resources, 21(1): 67-73 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-GJSD201201011.htm
[25]	Yu, J.X., Sun, M.R., Zhang, W.P., et al., 1986. Palynological Assemblage Sequence from Late Permian to Tertiary in Northern Xinjiang. Bulletin of the Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 15: 140-151 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DZYW198602017.htm
[26]	Zhan, L.P., Li, L., 1979. The Distribution of Permian Brachiopods in China. In: Geology Memoir of International Communication(2). Geological Publishing House, Beijing, 219-262 (in Chinese).
[27]	Zhang, K.X., Yu, J.X., Lin, Q.X., et al., 2004. Palynological Assemblage in Section D of Meishan, Changxing, Zhejiang and Its Significance of Global Correlation. Earth Science —Journal of China University of Geosciences, 29(3): 253-262 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[28]	Zhang, W., Fu, X.P., Ding, Q.H., et al., 2006. A New Knowledge of the Lower Triassic Laolongtou Formation in the Defatun Area, Jalaid Qi, Inner Mongolia. Journal of Stratigraphy, 30(1): 26-33(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DCXZ200601004.htm
[29]	Zhu, H.C., 1997a. Discovery of Late Permian Spores and Pollen from the Pusige Formation of Pishan, Xinjiang. Journal of Stratigraphy, 21(3): 219-223(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DCXZ703.004.htm
[30]	Zhu, H.C., 1997b. Discovery of the Earliest Triassic Spores and Pollen from Southwest Tarim and Permian-Triassic Boundary. Chinese Science Bulletin, 42(3): 301-303 (in Chinese). doi: 10.1360/csb1997-42-3-301
[31]	Zhu, H.C., Ouyang. S., Gao, F., et al., 2002. Late Permian Palynoflora from Zhangguizhuang, Tianjin. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 41(1): 53-71 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-GSWX200201005.htm
[32]	Zhu, R.F., Zheng, G.R., 1992. The Establishment of the Lower Triassic Xingfuzhilu Formation in the Southern Secter of the Greater Khingan Mountains and Its Geological Implications. Regional Geology of China, 3: 219-225 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZQYD199203003.htm
[33]	Zuo, J.X., Tong, J.N., Zhao, L.S., et al., 2013. Geochemical Environment Restoration of the Lower Yangtze Paleocean in the Early Triassic, Southeastern China. Earth Science —Journal of China University of Geosciences, 38(3): 441-453. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2013.044(inChinesewithEnglishabstract)
[34]	高文鹏, 洪汉烈, 殷科, 等, 2013. 贵州花溪P-T界线附近粘土矿物结构及成因意义. 地球科学——中国地质大学学报, 38(6): 1053-1062. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX201306009.htm
[35]	和政军, 刘淑文, 王瑜, 等, 1998. 内蒙古巴林右旗三叠纪化石的新发现. 地层学杂志, 22(4): 293-294, 314. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DCXZ804.006.htm
[36]	侯静鹏, 1990. 新疆和田杜瓦地区晚二叠世孢粉组合. 新疆地质, 8(1): 47-58. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XJDI199001005.htm
[37]	候静鹏, 2004. 新疆准格尔盆地南缘锅底坑组孢粉组合与二叠系-三叠系界线讨论. 地层古生物论文集, 28: 177-203. https://cpfd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CPFDTOTAL-ZGDJ200400008014.htm
[38]	侯静鹏, 沈百花, 1989. 中国天山二叠-三叠系界线的研究. 北京: 海洋出版社, 30-36.
[39]	侯静鹏, 王智, 1990. 新疆北部二叠纪孢粉组合. 新疆北部二叠纪至第三纪地层及孢粉组合. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 12-36.
[40]	黄勇, 戴传固, 熊兴国, 等, 2003. 新疆半岛湖地区晚二叠世与早三叠世地层的发现及其意义. 贵州地质, 20(1): 16-19. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5943.2003.01.005
[41]	金玉玕, 尚庆华, 侯静鹏, 等, 2000. 中国地层典——二叠系. 北京: 地质出版社, 74-77.
[42]	李强, 吴绍祖, 屈迅, 等, 2002. 试论准噶尔石炭纪-三叠纪重要气候事件. 新疆地质, 20(3): 192-195. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8845.2002.03.003
[43]	梁仲发, 1982. 东北北部及内蒙古东部晚二叠世的一些双壳化石及几个有关地层问. 沈阳地质矿产研究所所刊, 4: 130-148.
[44]	刘洪福, 1992. 新疆哈密库莱二叠-三叠纪地层的发现及其意义. 西北大学学报, 22(2): 209-218. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XBDZ199202019.htm
[45]	刘兆生, 1996. 新疆皮山县杜瓦地区早三叠世乌尊萨依组孢粉组合. 古生物学报, 35(增刊): 37-59.
[46]	刘兆生, 2000. 吐哈盆地北缘二叠系与三叠系界线. 地层学杂志, 24(4): 310-315. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4959.2000.04.011
[47]	南君亚, 周德全, 叶健骝, 等, 1998. 贵州二叠纪-三叠纪古气候和古海洋环境的地球化学研究. 矿物学报, 18(2): 239-249. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-4734.1998.02.020
[48]	欧阳舒, 李再平, 1980. 云南富源卡以头层微体植物群及其地层和古植物学意义. 北京: 科学出版社, 1-59.
[49]	陶明华, 李博, 贺淑萍, 等, 2009. 内蒙古二连盆地三叠系. 地层学杂志, 33(3): 260-267. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4959.2009.03.004
[50]	汪啸风, 陈孝红, 2005. 中国各地质时代地层划分与对比. 北京: 地质出版社, 277-355.
[51]	颜佳新, 赵坤, 2002. 二叠-三叠纪东特提斯地区古地理、古气候和古海洋演化与地球表层多圈层事件耦合. 中国科学(D辑), 32(9): 751-759. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JDXK200209005.htm
[52]	杨雅军, 张立东, 张立君, 等, 2012. 大兴安岭地区三叠系划分与对比. 地质与资源, 21(1): 67-73. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1947.2012.01.010
[53]	余静贤, 孙孟蓉, 张望平, 等, 1986. 北疆晚二叠世至第三纪孢粉组合序列. 中国地质科学院地质研究所所刊, 15: 140-151. https://cpfd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CPFDTOTAL-ZGDJ198600002017.htm
[54]	詹立培, 李莉, 1979. 中国二叠纪腕足动物群的分布. 国际交流地质学术论文集(2). 北京: 科学出版社, 219-262.
[55]	张克信, 喻建新, 林启祥, 等, 2004. 浙江长兴煤山D剖面早三叠世孢粉组合及全球对比意义. 地球科学——中国地质大学学报, 29(3): 253-262. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX200403000.htm
[56]	张武, 傅晓平, 丁秋红, 等, 2006. 内蒙古扎赉特旗德发屯地区下三叠统老龙头组的新发现. 地层学杂志, 30(1): 26-33. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4959.2006.01.004
[57]	朱怀诚, 1997a. 新疆皮山杜瓦普司格组晚二叠世孢粉的发现. 地层学杂志, 21(3): 219-223. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DCXZ703.005.htm
[58]	朱怀诚, 1997b. 塔里木西南早三叠世早期孢粉组合及二叠系/三叠系界线研究. 科学通报, 42(3): 301-303. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KXTB199703022.htm
[59]	朱怀诚, 欧阳舒, 高峰, 等, 2002. 天津张贵庄晚二叠世孢粉植物群. 古生物学报, 41(1): 53-71. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GSWX200201005.htm
[60]	朱儒峰, 郑广瑞, 1992. 大兴安岭南部下三叠统幸福之路组的建立及其地质意义. 中国区域地质, 3: 219-225. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZQYD199203003.htm
[61]	左景勋, 童金南, 赵来时, 等. 2013. 早三叠世下扬子古海洋地球化学环境的修复过程. 地球科学——中国地质大学学报, 38(3): 441-453. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX201303003.htm