Calculation Methods of Rock Mass Discontinuity Orientation Measured by Borehole Camera Technology and Technology Reliability
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摘要: 针对钻孔摄像技术对结构面产状测量只限于垂直孔的现状，以钻孔孔口圆心为原点，建立空间左手直角坐标系，对倾斜孔中结构面产状的确定方法进行了详尽的阐述和推导，得出了精确的解析计算公式，并基于C#语言进行编程，开发了IDOIB软件，通过测试表明此方法及其程序的正确性.采用PVC管模拟钻孔孔壁，进行钻孔摄像技术用于结构面产状测量的可靠性试验研究，结果表明：(1)对于垂直孔，测量结果的倾向绝对误差为[-3°，4°]、倾角绝对误差为[-1.5°，1.0°]，说明该技术用于垂直孔进行结构面产状测量是可靠的，能满足工程应用精度.(2)当PVC管的倾伏向为270°、倾伏角为25°时，结构面产状可靠度为0.10；倾伏向为176°、倾伏角为60°时，结构面产状可靠度为0.67.PVC管倾伏角的不同导致结构面产状可靠度的差异.(3)一般岩体工程的结构面产状测量结果应具有高等级可靠度(不小于0.8)，即须在倾伏角不小于71°的钻孔内采用该技术进行测量.Abstract: For the issue that borehole camera technology only is applied to the vertical borehole currently, the calculation process for discontinuity orientation in inclined borehole is presented in this paper. With the circle centre of drill orifice as the origin, the left-handed Cartesian coordinate system is constructed and the precise analytic formulas for discontinuity orientation in inclined borehole are obtained. On this basis, the IDOIB software is developed using C# programming language. The validity of analytic formulas and program are verified by the principle of borehole camera technology. In addition, the PVC pipe experiments are conducted to examine the reliability of borehole camera technology for measurement of discontinuity orientation. Results show that: (1) For vertical holes, absolute errors of dip directions range from -3° to 4°, and those of dips range from -1.5° to 1.0°. The technology is reliable for measurement of discontinuity orientation in vertical boreholes, and it can satisfy the needs of rock engineering. (2) For inclined PVC pipes with trend of 270° and plunge of 25°, the reliability degree of discontinuity orientation is 0.10; while inclined PVC pipes with trend of 176° and plunge of 60°, the reliability degree of discontinuity orientation is 0.67. The difference of pipe plunge results in the reliability difference of discontinuity orientation. (3) The reliability of discontinuity orientation should be high (the reliability degree is no less than 0.8) for general rock engineering, so the plunge of inclined borehole should be no less than 71°.
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Key words:
- borehole camera technology /
- rock /
- discontinuity /
- orientation /
- reliability /
- image interpretation /
- engineering geology
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图 2 孔壁任意点A空间坐标的计算模型
Fig. 2. Space coordinate calculation model of any point A in borehole wall
图 5 垂直孔产状可靠性试验模型
Fig. 5. Reliability test model of discontinuity orientation in vertical hole
图 7 钻孔倾伏角与结构面产状可靠度关系
Fig. 7. Relationship between plunge of borehole and reliability of discontinuity orientation
表 1 PVC管垂直时的真实产状和影像产状对比
Table 1. Contrast of authentic orientation and image orientation in vertical PVC pipe
编号 倾向(°) 倾角(°) 真实值 影像值 绝对误差 真实值 影像值 绝对误差 1 270 274 4 34.2 34.0 -0.2 2 20 17 -3 36.6 35.1 -1.5 3 135 137 2 55.5 56.0 0.5 4 180 182 2 53.7 54.2 0.5 5 225 228 3 44.2 45.1 0.9 6 78 77 -1 25.6 25.1 -0.5 7 165 166 1 34.4 35.4 1.0 8 314 316 2 45.3 46.0 0.7 9 128 130 2 39.8 40.0 0.2 
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表 2 倾伏向270°、倾伏角25°时的结构面产状结果对比
Table 2. Contrast of discontinuity orientation while PVC pipe with trend of 270° and plunge of 25°
编号 倾向(°) 倾角(°) 真实值 影像值 绝对误差 真实值 影像值 绝对误差 1 270 284 14 78 74 -4 2 150 141 -9 80 75 -5 3 135 129 -6 38 40 2 4 148 137 -11 75 84 9 5 143 141 -2 69 78 9 6 160 145 -15 73 59 -14 7 108 100 -8 65 62 -3 8 290 303 13 75 69 -6 9 123 127 4 29 25 -4 10 104 99 -5 32 42 10 11 75 87 12 60 57 -3 12 122 136 14 48 53 5 13 280 291 11 87 79 -8
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表 3 倾伏向176°、倾伏角60°时的结构面产状结果对比
Table 3. Contrast of discontinuity orientation while PVC pipe with trend of 176° and plunge of 60°
编号 倾向(°) 倾角(°) 真实值 影像值 绝对误差 真实值 影像值 绝对误差 1 327 323 -4 61 58 -3 2 51 45 -6 58 60 2 3 64 62 -2 19 22 3 4 44 49 5 52 54 2 5 42 44 2 47 45 -2 6 52 48 -4 64 63 -1 7 339 344 5 35 33 -2 8 181 180 -1 72 73 1 9 117 120 3 13 17 4 10 221 223 2 8 6 -2 11 294 291 -3 38 37 -1 12 342 340 -2 18 21 3 13 342 337 -5 61 60 -1
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