Reservoir Diagenetic Facies and Porosity Evolution Pathways of Chang 8 Formation in Huachi, Ordos Basin
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摘要: 为探讨成岩作用与储层物性演化特征之间的成因联系，查明不同成岩相物性差异的成因及其形成过程，对华池地区长8储层各成岩相的孔隙度演化进行了定量模拟，分析了其孔隙度演化路径的差异.本区绿泥石膜胶结成岩相、不稳定组分溶蚀成岩相、压实充填成岩相与碳酸盐致密胶结成岩相压实损失孔隙度分别为17.6%、20.5%、25.8%和11.4%，早期胶结损失孔隙度为4.5%、4.9%、5.6%和24.9%，溶蚀增加孔隙度为1.4%、2.3%、0.2%和0，晚期胶结损失孔隙度为7.8%、9.7%、3.2%和0.沉积物初始组构差异造成的各成岩相初始孔隙度差别是微小的，但其在很大程度上控制了成岩作用的类型和强度，从而造成了不同成岩相经历了不同的成岩变化过程和孔隙度演化路径，形成了现今组构面貌和孔隙度的差异.Abstract: In order to analyze the genetic relationship between diagenesis and reservoir porosity evolution process and the formation process of physical property difference in different diagenetic facies, diagenesis types and facies of Chang 8 formation are studied in Huachi, Ordos basin. Furthermore, porosity evolutions of different diagenesis facies are simulated quantitatively, and their pathways are analyzed. According to the diagenesis characteristics, the reservoirs can be divided into four diagenesis facies, namely, grain-coating chlorite cementation, corrosion of unstable components, intense compaction with packing and dense carbonate cementation. COPL (compactional porosity loss) of them are 17.6%, 20.5%, 25.8% and 11.4% respectively; CEPL (cementational porosity loss) by early quartz overgrowth, grain-coating chlorite, and carbonate are 4.5%, 4.9%, 5.6% and 24.9% respectively; CRPI (corrosional porosity increase) are 1.4%, 2.3%, 0.2% and 0 respectively; CEPL by late pore-filling chlorite, kaolinite, illite, ferrocalcite and ferrodolomite are 7.8%, 9.7%, 3.2% and 0 respectively. The porosity evolution pathways of different diagenesis facies show that the differences of OP (original porosity) caused by the sediment components and structures are tiny, but the diagenesis types and grades are controlled by sedimentary processes to a great extent. It is concluded that the reservoirs with diagenesis facies have different diagenetic changes and porosity evolution pathways, which results in differences of components, structures and physical properties.
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Key words:
- diagenesis /
- grain-coating chlorite /
- sediments /
- porosity evolution /
- hydrocarbons /
- Ordos basin
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图 1 华池地区长8储层铸体薄片与扫描电镜照片
a.强压实作用下黑云母(Ms)变形，元297井，2 291.48 m，单偏光；b.颗粒半定向排列，白436井，2 187.30 m，单偏光；c.充填粒间孔隙的微晶方解石(Ca)，白451井，2 168.54 m，扫描电镜；d.铁方解石(Cf)连晶状充填孔隙，里126井，2 163.94 m，单偏光；e.白云岩岩屑的铁白云石(Df)加大边，坪110井，2 212.58 m，单偏光；f.绿泥石膜(Ch)与粒表微晶石英(Qu)，白168井，2 241.80 m，扫描电镜；g.充填孔隙的玫瑰花状绿泥石(Ch)，午61井，2 154.00 m，扫描电镜；h.书页状高岭石(Kao)，白306井，2 061.70 m，扫描电镜；i.伊利石(I)与微晶石英(Qu)，白455井，2 147.58 m，扫描电镜；j.硅质(Qu)次生加大，罗33井，2 823.30 m，正交偏光；k.微晶石英(Qu)与绿泥石膜(Ch)，山120井，2 124.92 m，扫描电镜；l.长石次生加大(Feld)，白455井，2 147.00 m，扫描电镜；m.长石(Feld)高岭石(Kao)化，白428井，2 282.60 m，单偏光；n.长石溶孔(Fs)，白456井，2 134.80 m，单偏光；o.岩屑溶孔(Rs)和长石溶孔(Fs)，白260井，2 045.92 m，单偏光
Fig. 1. Casting sections and SEM of Chang 8 reservoir in Huachi
图 2 粒间孔面孔率与软组分含量关系
Fig. 2. Relationship between intergranular pores in sections and ductile particles
图 6 不同成岩相压实与胶结损失孔隙度关系
虚线为粒间孔隙度，即初始孔隙度经过压实和胶结后的剩余部分(OP-COPL-CEPL)，虚线上所示刻度为假定初始孔隙度为45%时粒间孔隙度的值；孔隙度演化路径的曲线斜率为压实损失孔隙度与胶结损失孔隙度的比值(COPL/CEPL)，此比值越大则曲线斜率越大
Fig. 6. Relationship between COPL and CEPL of diagenetic facies
表 1 华池地区长8储层成岩相类型与特征
Table 1. The types and characteristics of diagenetic facies of Chang 8 reservoir in Huachi
成岩相类型 成分与结构 孔喉类型与大小 物性 沉积微相 绿泥石膜胶结成岩相 中-细粒长石砂岩或岩屑质长石砂岩，分选较好，杂基含量低，胶结物主要为颗粒包膜和孔隙衬里绿泥石、伊利石，可见少量硅质与铁方解石、铁白云石 残余粒间孔为主，长石溶孔次之，微孔较少，平均孔径43.77 μm；压实成因的可变断面收缩部分喉道型或压实胶结混合成因的片状弯片状喉道为主，平均喉道中值半径0.34 μm Ф：8.7%~16.8%，平均12.76%；K：0.17~30.23 mD，平均2.69 mD 水下分流河道与河口坝中央部位 不稳定组分溶蚀成岩相 细-中粒岩屑质长石砂岩或长石质岩屑砂岩，分选中等-好，胶结物主要为伊利石、高岭石、硅质与铁方解石、铁白云石，偶见绿泥石膜 长石溶孔、岩屑溶孔为主，残余粒间孔次之，微孔较少，平均孔径31.85 μm；以压实胶结混合成因的片状弯片状喉道为主，平均喉道中值半径0.23 μm Ф：5.7%~13.8%，平均9.98%；K：0.06~4.07 mD，平均0.62 mD 水下分流河道 压实充填成岩相 细-中粒、极细粒长石质岩屑砂岩为主，分选中等-较差，胶结物主要为硅质、伊利石和高岭石，偶见碳酸盐胶结物 残余粒间孔、小溶孔和微孔为主，平均孔径16.77 μm；胶结物内的管束状喉道和压实胶结混合成因的片状弯片状喉道很少，平均喉道中值半径0.11 μm Ф：3.2%~10.4%，平均7.34%；K：0.03~0.58 mD，平均0.15 mD 水下分流河道与河口坝边缘、席状砂 碳酸盐致密胶结成岩相 细-中粒岩屑质长石砂岩或长石质岩屑砂岩，分选中等-较差，胶结物主要为方解石、铁方解石，局部可见硅质胶结物 晶间孔为主，残余粒间孔较少，平均孔径8.32 μm；胶结物内的管束状喉道为主，压实胶结混合成因的片状弯片状喉道很少，平均喉道中值半径0.07 μm Ф：1.1%~6.8%，平均4.52%；K：0.02~0.21 mD，平均0.08 mD 水下分流河道与河口坝顶底部与边缘、分流间湾薄砂层 
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表 2 不同成岩相孔隙度演化数据
Table 2. The porosity evolution parameters of diagenetic facies
成岩相 初始孔隙度(%) 压实损失孔隙度(%) 早期胶结损失孔隙度(%) 溶蚀增加孔隙度(%) 晚期胶结损失孔隙度(%) 计算目前孔隙度(%) 岩心孔隙度(%) 绝对误差(%) 绿泥石膜胶结成岩相 39.8 17.6 4.5 1.4 7.8 13.5 13.7 -0.2 不稳定组分溶蚀成岩相 40.2 20.5 4.9 2.3 9.7 9.4 8.9 0.5 压实充填成岩相 38.7 25.8 5.6 0.2 3.2 6.1 6.8 -0.7 碳酸盐致密胶结成岩相 37.9 11.4 24.9 0.0 0.0 1.7 3.4 -1.7 研究区平均值 39.5 18.9 5.9 0.9 7.6 8.9 9.6 -0.7
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表 3 不同成岩作用后各成岩相孔隙度数据
Table 3. The porosity evolution parameters of diagenetic facies in different diagenetic changes
成岩相 初始孔隙度(%) 压实后孔隙度(%) 早期胶结后孔隙度(%) 溶蚀后孔隙度(%) 晚期胶结后孔隙度(%) 绿泥石膜胶结成岩相 39.8 26.7 21.2 22.9 13.5 不稳定组分溶蚀成岩相 40.2 24.9 18.7 21.6 9.4 压实充填成岩相 38.7 17.7 10.1 10.4 6.1 碳酸盐致密胶结成岩相 37.9 29.9 1.7 1.7 1.7
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