Automatic Extration Method of Stable Slope Angles of Water Level Change Region Based on DEM
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摘要: 天然河道的平均枯水位、水位变幅带和平均洪水位, 分别与水库运行期低水位、调节水位(即水位变动带)、最高设计洪水位存在可类比性.因此, 通过获取现今天然河道的平均枯水位以下、水位变幅带以及平均洪水位以上3带内不同岩土体的稳定坡角, 这对水库蓄水后回水区内塌岸预测具有重要意义.基于高分辨率航空影像数据, 目视解译得到天然河道的水位变幅带范围, 采用GIS组件开发模式, 应用高分辨率DEM(digital elevation model)作为高程源数据, 实现了水位变幅带内稳定坡角的提取, 该方法具有自动化程度高、获取速度快和范围广的特点.同时, 可通过折算的方法获得水下稳定坡角度, 水上稳定坡角的获取则可按类似的方法实现, 与传统的测量或统计方法相比, 大大减少了野外工作量, 即使人类无法涉足的区域, 也能获取详细的信息, 并能一次性获得足够多的样本数据, 便于不同岩土体稳定坡角的对比与统计分析, 可为水库回水区塌岸预测提供更可靠的数据参考.Abstract: The average low water level, water level change region, average flood level of natural river respectively exist many similar characteristics with the low water level, regulating water level (i.e. water level fluctuation band), the highest design flood level of reservoir operation period. Stable slope angles under low water level, in water level change region and above flood level in different rock-soil bodies have great significance to the prediction of bank collapse in reservoir operation period. Based on high-resolution aerial images in dry seasons and DEM (digital elevation model), using GIS component development technology, the paper developes a method to get stable slope angles of water level change region, which has some advantages such as high degree of automation and fast speed in achieving data in a large scale, therefore, underwater stable slope angles can be computed by discount, and the stable slope angles above water can be achieved through the similar method. Compared with the traditional method such as survey or statistical method, it greatly reduces the fieldwork, and according to the regions which human beings cannot reach in current conditions, it also can get detailed data, and it can get enough sample data for comparison and statistical analysis in different rock or soil bodies, so it can provide more dependable data for prediction of bank collapse of reservoir back zones.
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图 1 研究区高分辨率DEM覆盖范围(a)和航空影像覆盖范围(b)
Fig. 1. The high-resolution DEM (a) and aerial image of the study zone (b)
图 2 河漫滩部分的影像以及由此解译出的洪水位线与枯水位线
Fig. 2. The image of wash land and flood level line and low level line interpreted from the image
图 3 数据处理与自动提取程序流程
Fig. 3. The process of data manipulating and automated extracting program
图 4 参考线上等间隔取点示意图(a)和获取洪水位线与枯水位线上点集合示意图(b)
Fig. 4. Picking points from reference line at an equal distance (a) and obtaining point collections from flood level line and low level line (b)
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