Abnormal High-Pressure Formation Mechanism in Coal Reservoir of Bide-Santang Basin, Western Guizhou Province
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摘要: 比德-三塘盆地含煤地层的储层压力普遍较高, 压力梯度较大, 异常高压发育.通过研究该盆地现今煤储层压力分布特点, 对煤层异常高压影响因素进行了综合分析, 阐明了其形成机制.结果表明: 构造作用是本区异常高压形成的最主要因素, 煤储层生烃作用和顶板泥岩的封闭性次之.盆地内部断裂较少, 具有良好的圈闭条件, 储层流体富集, 压力增大, 易出现超压地层.研究区煤层生烃能力强, 含气量高, 但渗透率普遍较低, 生成的烃类气体使得储层内部流体孔隙体积膨胀产生高压.同时, 超厚的顶板泥岩封闭性较好, 在沉积过程中极易产生欠压实作用, 进一步促进了异常高压的形成.Abstract: The coal reservoir has high reservoir pressure, great pressure gradient and developmental abnormal high pressure in Bide-Santang basin. This paper mainly analyzes the influence factors of abnormal high pressure and illustrates the formation mechanism by studying the distribution characteristics of coal reservoir pressure. Results show that the tectonism is the uppermost factor to the abnormal high pressure formation, hydrocarbon generation of coal reservoir and roof mudstone sealing take second place. There are few faults, good sealed conditions and rich reservoir fluid in the interior of basin, which led to the increase of coal reservoir pressure and abnormal high pressure. The coal reservoir has strong hydrocarbon generation ability, high gas content and low permeability, and generated hydrocarbon gas makes the internal fluid pore volume of coal reservoir expanded and produce high pressure. Moreover, the extra-thick roof mudstone which easily causes undercompacted compaction in the deposition process has good sealing, and further promotes the development of the abnormal pressure.
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Key words:
- Bide-Santang basin /
- abnormal high pressure /
- coal reservoir /
- reservoir pressure /
- tectonics /
- hydrocarbons
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图 2 比德-三塘盆地煤层储层压力梯度分布(单位: MPa/100 m)
Fig. 2. Coal reservoir pressure gradient in Bide-Santang basin
图 3 织纳煤田构造纲要
1.比德向斜；2.加戛背斜；3.水公河向斜；4.五指山背斜；5.以支塘向斜；6.勺坐背斜；7.白泥箐向斜；8.张维背斜；9.三塘向斜；10.后寨背斜；11.阿弓向斜；12.关寨向斜；13.地贵背斜；14.珠藏向斜；15.克窝向斜；16.熊家场背斜；17.白果寨向斜；18.梅子关背斜；19.桂果背斜；20.补郎向斜；21.牛场向斜；22.大猫场向斜；23.齐伯房背斜；24.蔡官向斜
Fig. 3. Regional structures in Zhina coalfield
表 1 研究区1001孔煤层顶板岩样孔隙结构情况(压汞法)
Table 1. Pore structure of rock samples from well 1001 in the study area(mercury immersion method)
编号 煤层位置 顶板岩性 埋深(m) 总孔容(10-3 cm3/g) 总表面积(m2/g) 中值孔径(nm) 平均孔径(nm) 退汞率(%) 孔隙度(%) 孔容法 面积法 岩1 3煤顶 炭质泥岩 115.68 0.016 2 5.638 19.2 5.0 11.5 25.98 3.20 岩2 7煤顶 泥质粉砂岩 158.70 0.017 6 7.920 10.1 6.4 8.9 20.40 3.78 岩3 石灰岩 160.45 0.003 9 0.003 47 490.0 668.8 5 205.7 25.64 0.89 岩4 菱铁岩 168.00 0.008 9 2.761 13.6 9.5 12.9 9.45 2.17 岩5 砂质泥岩 210.34 0.027 7 8.955 15.8 7.2 12.4 23.05 5.56 岩6 泥岩 253.31 0.028 5 10.459 13.0 6.9 10.9 21.19 5.91 岩7 泥岩 300.51 0.025 9 9.751 12.5 7.1 10.6 21.31 5.54 岩8 17煤顶 泥岩 350.39 0.013 8 3.542 32.0 6.8 15.6 8.40 3.00 岩9 粉砂岩 361.09 0.014 0 5.008 12.9 7.2 11.2 13.85 3.59 岩10 细砂岩 367.71 0.012 2 1.112 834.0 12.7 43.7 5.19 2.54 
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表 2 比德-三塘盆地煤层不同勘探区实验数据
Table 2. Statical results of CBM components content from blocks of study area
向斜名称 勘探区 煤层平均含气量(m3/t) 向斜名称 勘探区 煤层平均含气量(m3/t) 阿弓 15 比德 10 阿弓向斜 少普 18 比德向斜 化乐 11 大冲头 15 黑塘 10 珠藏向斜 肥田一 15 补作 18 肥田二 17 水公河向斜 五轮山 20 肥田三 16 中岭 20 红梅 15 坪山 11
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表 3 研究区煤样气、水相对渗透率测试综合数据
Table 3. The air-water relative permeability test comprehensive data in study area
所属构造 勘探区样品号 孔隙度(%) 空气渗透率(mD) 残余水饱和度(%) 残余水下气相渗透率(mD) 左家寨1号 5.9 0.000 68 46.2 0.000 15 白泥箐向斜 左家寨2号 5.7 0.000 78 48.6 0.000 50 复兴 6.7 0.085 00 80.3 0.010 80 下对门3号 4.0 0.004 90 89.3 0.003 60 加戛背斜 联合8号 7.2 0.245 00 55.1 0.044 90 珠藏向斜 凤凰山1号 7.3 1.340 00 44.5 0.170 80
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