Rapid Construction of Quaternary 3D Geologic Model on Sub-Surface Template Library
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摘要: 为了实现第四纪地质三维地质模型的快速半自动构建，利用地表地形图、第四系分区图、钻孔、剖面等第四系相关数据源，按照第四系具有的严格自上而下的标准层序，依次计算每一地层的地层分区.将所有地层分区图在一张平面图上进行叠加分析，得到平面分区求交后的碎小多边形集合即地层二维子面模板库.从二维子面模板库中提取各个地层所包含的子面，并利用钻孔、剖面上相应地层的高程样本数据插值得到地层的三维顶面和底面模型，进行拓扑处理建立三维地质模型.该方法完全参照第四系三维地质填图工作的基本流程，引入二维子面模板库的概念，通过将三维地层面构建分解为地层平面分布各子区域构建和地层子面高程计算两个部分，将三维建模过程中大量计算工作转化到二维平面中完成，在保证三维地质模型精度的前提下，大大提高了建模的效率.Abstract: The construction of stratum layer surfaces is the key to stratum modeling. Utilizing the related data resources of quaternary geology, such as surface topographic maps, quaternary geological maps, drilling, sections, and in exact top-down layer order of the quaternary geology, this paper calculates all stratum subareas in turn. Firstly, the overlay analysis of all stratum area charts in a plane map generates the fragmentary polygons set after plane partition intersection, which is called stratum 2D sub-surface template library. Then, the 3D top and bottom stratum models are gained by collecting sub-surfaces from every stratum, using the elevation sample data interpolation of the relevant stratum of drills and sections, which in turn leads to the establishment of then it can 3D geologic body model by topology handler. This method follows the basic flow of the quaternary geological 3D mapping by using the concept of 2D sub-surface template library, transferring the huge computing load from 3D modeling into 2D section by dividing the 3D stratigraphic surface construction into two sections of subarea construction of each stratigraphic surface and stratigraphic sub-surface elevation computing, which enhances the modeling efficiency while 3D stratigraphic modeling precision is guaranteed.
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Key words:
- stratigraphy /
- stratum layer surface /
- sub-surface template /
- stratum areas /
- 3D geologic models
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图 1 基于"主TIN"模板的三维地质模型自动构建流程
Fig. 1. The procedures of 3D geological modelling based on the primary TIN template
图 2 基于子面模板库的第四系三维地质建模流程
Fig. 2. A 3D Quaternary geological modeling process based on sub-surface template library
图 3 根据地层分区叠加生成的地层子面模板库
a.地层1的分区；b.地层2的分区；c.地层3的分区；d.地层n的分区；e.地层分区叠加后的结果
Fig. 3. The sub-surface stratum template library generated by stratigraphic superposition partition
图 4 基于地层子面模板库构建的三维地质模型
Fig. 4. A three-dimensional geological model based on the stratigraphic sub-surface template library
表 1 某地区第四系标准地层层序表部分内容
Table 1. The table of standard stratum of the Quaternary stratigraphy
统 组 段 岩性 全新统 长乐组 Q4al-pl 冲洪积 粘土、粉质粘土、砂质粘土
粉土
粉砂、细砂
中砂、粗砂、砾砂Q4m 海积 淤泥
中砂、粗砂、砾砂东山组 Q4mc 海陆过渡相 粘土、粉质粘土
砂质粘土上更新统 龙海组 Q3lf 湖沼相 粘土
淤泥质土Q3mc 海陆过渡相 淤泥质粘土 Q3al-pl 冲洪积 粘土、粉质粘土、砂质粘土
中砂、粗砂、砾砂
碎(卵)石
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