The Pollen and Spore Characteristics of the Diexi Ancient Dammed Lake on the Upstream of Minjiang River
-
摘要: 对岷江上游叠溪古堰塞湖200余米厚的堰塞湖相沉积物进行了大量采样测试分析.主要对湖相沉积物中的孢粉和沉积年代进行了测试.通过测试获得了古堰塞湖沉积物的沉积时间和气候环境特征.古堰塞湖沉积物底部形成时间约3.0万年, 靠近顶部形成时间约为1.5万年前.孢粉测试结果显示, 古堰塞湖沉积物沉积剖面可划分为9个气候环境段: (1)温凉半湿润的针阔叶混交森林草原气候环境; (2)寒冷干旱的针叶森林草原气候环境; (3)温凉半干旱的针、阔叶混交疏林草原气候环境; (4)温暖湿润的针、阔叶混交森林草原气候环境; (5)凉半干的针、阔叶混交疏林草原气候环境; (6)温湿的针叶疏林草原气候环境; (7)温凉半干旱的针阔叶混交疏林草原气候环境; (8)凉半湿润的森林草原气候环境; (9)冷干的疏林草原气候环境.研究成果揭示了青藏高原东部边缘至四川盆地过渡带3.0~1.5万年间的古气候古环境演化特征, 为区域环境研究提供了宝贵的资料.Abstract: Many samplings, tests and analysis are carried out to study the lacustrine sediments which are more than 200 m thick inside the Diexi ancient dammed lake on Minjing river. The pollen and spore of the sediments and sedimentation time are tested by which the ancient dammed lake sedimentation time and climate-environment characteristics are obtained. It is found that bottom parts of the ancient dammed lake lacustrine sediments were formed 30 000 years ago, while the parts close to the top formed 15 000 years ago. The pollen and spore test results indicate that the sediment section of the ancient dammed lake can be classified into the following 9 climate-environment sections: (1) Cool and semi-moist, needle leave and broad leave mixed forest and grassland climate-environment; (2) cold and dry, needle leave forest and grass land climate-environment; (3) cool and semi-moist, needle leave and broad leave mixed open forest and grassland climate-environment; (4) warm and humid, needle leave and broad leave mixed forest grassland climate-environment; (5) cool and semi-dry, needle leave and broad leave mixed open forest and grassland climate-environment; (6) cool and semi-moist forest and grassland climate-environment; (7) cold and dry, open forest and grassland climate-environment. The evolution characteristics of the Palaeo-climate and Palaeo-environment of the transition area of east edge of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau to Sichuan basin during time period between 30 000 to 15 000 years ago is described, which can provide information for the regional environment study.
-
Key words:
- Minjiang river /
- Diexi /
- ancient dammed lake /
- sediments /
- pollen and spore /
- climate change /
- palaeo-climate and palaeo-environment
-
图 3 主要孢粉照片
1~4为蕨类藻类植物孢子；5~12为灌木及草本植物花粉；13~22为乔木植物花粉
Fig. 3. Main pollen and spore photos
表 1 AMS14C测年成果
Table 1. Dating results of AMS14C
编号 取样位置 高程(m) AMS14C Age(a B.P.) Error(1σa B.P.) ZK1-2 叠溪古堰塞湖ZK1 2 306 16 902 75 ZK3-1 叠溪古堰塞湖ZK3 2 206 22 870 105 ZK2-5 叠溪古堰塞湖ZK2 2 094 30 830 200 注：表中计算年龄所用的14C半衰期为5 568年. 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 沉积物剖面时间序列
Table 2. Time series of sediment profile
高程(m) 2 095 2 141 2 173 2 212 2 228 2 273 2 289 2 306 2 322 2 334 14C Age (a B.P.) 30 830 27 531 25 236 22 512 21 557 18 871 17 917 16 902 15 650 14 992
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 沉积物剖面气候环境分段特征
Table 3. Characteristics of climate and environment section on the sediment profile
分段编号 高程(m) 时间(a B.P.) 气候特征 环境特征 1 2 095~2 141 30 830~27 531 温凉半湿润 针阔叶混交森林草原 2 2 141~2 173 27 531~25 236 寒冷干旱 针叶森林草原 3 2 173~2 212 25 236~22 512 温凉半干旱 针阔叶混交疏林草原 4 2 212~2 228 22 512~21 557 温暖湿润 针阔叶混交森林草原 5 2 228~2 273 21 557~18 871 凉半干旱 针阔叶混交疏林草原 6 2 273~2 289 18 871~17 917 温暖湿润 针叶疏林草原 7 2 289~2 305 17 917~16 902 温凉半干旱 针阔叶混交疏林草原 8 2 305~2 322 16 902~15 650 凉半湿润 森林草原 9 2 322~2 334 15 650~14 992 寒冷干旱 疏林草原
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] An, W.P., Zhao, J.Q., Yan, X.B., et al., 2008. Tectonic Deformation of Lacustrine Sediments in Qiangyang on the Minjiang Fault Zone and Ancient Earthquake. Seismology and Geology, 30(4): 980-988(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/285702520_Tectonic_deformation_of_lacustrine_sediments_in_Qiangyang_on_the_Minjiang_fault_zone_and_ancient_earthquake [2] Duan, L.P., Wang, L.S., Yang, L.Z., et al., 2002. The Ancient Climatic Evolution Characteristic Reflected by Carbon and Oxygen Isotopes of Carbonate in the Ancient Barrier Lacustrine Deposits, Diexi, Minjiang River. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 13(2): 91-96(in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZGDH200202018.htm [3] Krivonogov, S.K., Sheinkman, V., Mistruykov, S.A., 2005. Stage in the Development of the Darhad Dammed Lake (Northern Mongolia) during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. Quaternary International, 136(1): 83-94. doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2004.11.010 [4] Liu, D.S., 1985. Loess and Environment. Peking Science and Technology Press, Beijing, 336-348(in Chinese). [5] Moreiras, S.M., 2006. Chronology of a Probable Neotectonic Pleistocene Rock Avalanche, Cordon del Plata (Central Andes), Mendoza, Argentina. Quaternary International, 148(1): 138-148. doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2005.11.009 [6] Rodolfo, K.S., Umba, J.V., 2008. A Prehistoric Lahar-Dammed Lake and Eruption of Mount Pinatubo Described in a Philippine Aborigine Legend. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 176(3): 432-437. doi: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.01.030 [7] Trauth, M.H., Strecker, M.R., 1999. Formation of Landslide-Dammed Lakes during a Wet Period between 40 000 and 25 000 yr B.P. in Northwestern Argentina. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 153(1-4): 277-287. doi: 10.1016/S0031-0182(99)00078-4 [8] Wang, L.S., Wang, X.Q., Cui, J., et al., 2005. Jinsha River Wudongde Hydropower Jinpingzi Landslide Stability Report(Research Reports). Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 85-90(in Chinese). [9] Wang, L.S., Wang, X.Q., Cui, J., et al., 2007. What Happened on the Upstream of Minjiang River in Sichuan Province 20 000 Years Ago. Earth Science Frontiers, 14(4): 189-196 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/academic-journal-cn_earth-science-frontiers_thesis/0201253155272.html [10] Wang, L.S., Yang, L.Z., Li, T.B., et al., 2000. Evolution Mechanism of Jiaochang Earthquake Landslide on Minjiang River and Its Controlling. Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation, 11(3): 195-199(in Chinese). [11] Wang, L.S., Yang, L.Z., Wang, X.Q., et al., 2005. Discovery of Huge Ancient Dammed Lake on Upstream of Minjiang River in Sichuan, China. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology: Science & Technology Edition, 32 (1): 1-11(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.cqvip.com/Main/Detail.aspx?id=11834242 [12] Wang, P., Zhang, B., Qiu, W.L., et al., 2011. Soft-Sediment Deformation Structures from the Diexi Paleo-Dammed Lakes in the Upper Reaches of the Minjiang River, East Tibet. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40(4): 865-872. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.04.006 [13] Wang, X.Q., 2009. The Environment Geological Information in the Sediments of Diexi Ancient Dammed Lake on the Upstream of Mingjiang River in Sichuan Province, China (Dissertation). Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 24-95 (in Chinese with English abstract). [14] Wassmer, P., Schneider, J.L., Pollet, N., et al., 2004. Effects of the Internal Structure of a Rock-Avalanche Dam on the Drainage Mechanism of Its Impoundment, Films Sturzstrom and Ilanz Paleo-Lake, Swiss Alps. Geomorphology, 61(1-2): 3-17. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2003.11.003 [15] Weidinger, J.T., 1998. Case History and Hazard Analysis of Two Lake-Damming Landslides in the Himalayas. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 16(2-3): 323-331. doi: 10.1016/S0743-9547(98)00026-9 [16] Weidinger, J.T., Wang, J.D., Ma, N.X., 2002. The Earthquake-Triggered Rock Avalanche of Cui Hua, Qin Ling Mountains, P.R. of China: The Benefits of a Lake-Damming Prehistoric Natural Disaster. Quaternary International, 93-94, 207-214. doi: 10.1016/S1040-6182(02)00019-8 [17] Wu, J.L., Li, S.J., Wang, S.M., et al., 2000. Modern Climatic Signals Recorded in Xincuo Lake Sediments in Zoige Basin, Eastern Tibetan Plateau, China. Journal of Lake Science, 12(4): 291-296(in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.18307/2000.0401 [18] Yang, W.G., 2005. Research of Sedimentary Record in Terraces and Climate Vary in the Upper Reaches of Minjiang River, China (Dissertation). Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 47-59(in Chinese with English abstract). [19] Zhang, Y., Zhu, L.D., Yang, W.G., et al., 2009. High Resolution Rapid Climate Change Records of Lacustrine Deposits of Diexi Basin in the Eastern Margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, 40-30 ka BP. Earth Science Frontiers, 16(5): 91-98(in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.1016/S1872-5791(08)60106-2 [20] Zhang, Y.S., Zhao, X.T., Hu, D.G., et al., 2007. An Ancient Landslide-Dammed Lake Found in the Jinsha River Valley Near Benzilan, Dêqên, Yunnan, China and Its Significance. Geological Bulletin of China, 26(8): 970-975 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/292805355_An_ancient_landslide-dammed_lake_found_in_the_J_insha_River_valley_near_Benzilan_Deqen_Yunnan_and_its_significance [21] Zhao, X.T., Qu, Y.X., Zhang, Y.S., et al., 2007. Discovery of Shigu Paleolake in the Lijiang Area, Northwestern Yunnan, China and Its Significance for the Development of the Modern Jinsha River Valley. Geological Bulletin of China, 26(8): 960-969(in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/academic-journal-cn_geological-bulletin-china_thesis/0201252288708.html [22] Zhu, D.G., Meng, X.G., Zhao, X.T., et al., 2004. Lake-Level Change of Nam Co, Tibet, since the Late Pleistocene and Environment Information of Clay Minerals in Lacustrine Deposits, 10(4): 300-309 (in Chinese with English abstract). [23] 安卫平, 赵晋泉, 闫小兵, 等, 2008. 岷江断裂羌阳桥一带古堰塞湖沉积及构造变形与古地震. 地震地质, 30(4): 980-988. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2008.04.014 [24] 段丽萍, 王兰生, 杨立铮, 等, 2002. 岷江叠溪古堰塞湖沉积物碳酸盐碳氧同位素记录所揭示的古气候演化特征. 中国地质灾害与防治学报, 13(2): 91-96. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-8035.2002.02.019 [25] 刘东生, 1985. 黄土与环境. 北京: 北京科学技术出版社, 336-348. [26] 王兰生, 王小群, 崔杰, 等, 2005. 金沙江乌东德水电站金坪子滑坡区稳定性研究报告. 成都: 成都理工大学, 85-90. [27] 王兰生, 王小群, 崔杰, 等, 2007. 岷江上游两万年左右前发生了什么事件?地学前缘, 14(4): 189-196. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-2321.2007.04.020 [28] 王兰生, 杨立铮, 李天斌, 等, 2000. 四川岷江叠溪较场地震滑坡及环境保护. 地质灾害与环境保护, 11 (3): 195-199. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZHB200003000.htm [29] 王兰生, 杨立铮, 王小群, 等, 2005. 岷江叠溪古堰塞湖的发现. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 32 (1): 1-11. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-9727.2005.01.001 [30] 王小群, 2009. 岷江上游叠溪古堰塞湖沉积物的环境地质信息研究(博士学位论文). 成都: 成都理工大学, 24-95. [31] 吴敬禄, 李世杰, 王苏民, 等, 2000. 若尔盖盆地兴措湖沉积记录揭示的近代气候与环境. 湖泊科学, 12(4): 291-296. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1003-5427.2000.04.001 [32] 杨文光, 2005. 岷江上游阶地沉积记录与气候环境变迁研究(硕士论文). 成都: 成都理工大学, 47-59. [33] 张岩, 朱利东, 杨文光等, 2009. 青藏高原东缘叠溪海盆地40~30 ka BP高分辨率快速气候变化记录. 地学前缘, 16(5): 91-98. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXQY200905012.htm [34] 张永双, 赵希涛, 胡道功, 等, 2007. 滇西北德钦地区金沙江奔子栏古堰塞湖的发现及意义. 地质通报, 26(8): 970-975. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2552.2007.08.008 [35] 赵希涛, 曲永新, 张永双, 等, 2007. 滇西北丽江地区石鼓古湖的发现及其在现代金沙江河谷发育中的意义. 地质通报, 26(8): 960-969. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2552.2007.08.007 [36] 朱大岗, 孟宪刚, 赵希涛, 等, 2004. 西藏纳木错晚更新世以来湖面变化和湖相沉积中粘土矿物显示的环境信息. 地质力学学报, 10(4): 300-309. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6616.2004.04.002 -
点击查看大图
图(4) / 表(3)
计量
- 文章访问数: 3011
- HTML全文浏览量: 130
- PDF下载量: 311
- 被引次数: 0
