嘉陵江古河道的河曲特征

江华军; 李长安; 张玉芬; 姜端午; 王节涛; 黄树春

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2013.041

嘉陵江古河道的河曲特征

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2013.041

江华军^1,,
李长安^{1, 2, ,},
张玉芬³,
姜端午⁴,
王节涛¹,
黄树春⁴

1.
中国地质大学地球科学学院，湖北武汉 430074
2.
中国地质大学生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室，湖北武汉 430074
3.
中国地质大学地球物理与空间信息学院，湖北武汉 430074
4.
湖南省地质环境监测总站，湖南长沙 410007

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 40971008

中国科学院地球环境研究所黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室开放基金项目 SKLLQG0908

详细信息

作者简介:
江华军(1987-)，男，硕士研究生，地貌与第四纪地质学专业.E-mail: junjin0312@163.com

通讯作者:
李长安，E-mail: chanli@cug.edu.cn

中图分类号: P931.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2012-03-16
- 刊出日期: 2013-03-01

Meander Characteristics of the Jialing River's Old Channels

1.
Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan430074, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environment Geology of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan430074, China
3.
Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan430074, China
4.
Geological Environment Monitoring Center of Hunan Province, Changsha410007, China

摘要

摘要: 基于遥感信息和野外实地调查，查明了嘉陵江古河道的分布；共发现古河道13处，主要分布在嘉陵江中游的阆中-南充段.河曲参数统计表明，13处古河道的单个河曲的曲折率C值都在3.00以上，平均值为7.80；4段河曲带的C值在2.20以上；整个中游段的C值为2.75，远远高于弯曲性河型临界值的1.50，表明嘉陵江古河道具有蜿蜒性河型的特征.此外，通过将古今河道参数进行对比发现，古河流的C值要比现代河道的C值大(分析认为较大的C值，可能与较低缓的坡降J有关)，即有更大的弯曲度.表明嘉陵江曾发生过一次自然截弯取直过程.
- 嘉陵江 /
- 古河道 /
- 遥感 /
- 河曲参数 /
- 曲折率 /
- 地貌学
Abstract: Based on data of the remote sensing and field surveys, the distribution of old channels in the Jialing River is explored. A total of 13 old channels are found and determined. They are distributed mainly in the reach of Langzhong-Nanchong of the Jialing River. Statistical meander parameters indicate that their meander ratio C values are all larger than 3.00, with an average value of 7.80. C values of 4 meander belts are larger than 2.20, and the C value of the whole middle reach of ancient Jialing River is 2.75. All these values are much larger than 1.50, the critical value of meandering rivers, suggesting that the ancient Jialing River has characteristics of meandering river pattern. In addition, it is found that the C value of the ancient river is larger than that of modern channel (It is believed that the larger C value may be associated with the lower gradient value J), indicating a lager degree of curve. It can be concluded that a process of natural cutoff of river has once occurred in the Jialing River.
- Jialing River /
- old channels /
- remote sensing /
- meander parameters /
- meander ratio /
- geomorphology

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图 1 嘉陵江中游古河道遥感影像及解译

a.嘉陵江中游上段(昭化镇-金溪镇)古河道遥感影像及解译图；b.嘉陵江中游下段(金溪镇-合川市)古河道遥感影像及解译图

Fig. 1. Remote sensing imagery and interpretation of the old channel in the middle reach of Jialing River

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图 2 嘉陵江古河道砾石层剖面(烈面镇)

Fig. 2. Section of gravel layer in Jialing River's old channels

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图 3 嘉陵江中游古今河道对比

a.中游现代河道形态；b.中游古嘉陵江河道形态；c.嘉陵江中游古今河道形态

Fig. 3. Comparison of the old channel with modern channel in the middle reach of Jialing River

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表 1 嘉陵江古河道单个河曲参数统计

Table 1. Statistics of single meander parameters of the Jialing River's old channel

单个河曲名称	单个河曲参数
单个河曲名称	河道长度S(km)	曲流颈长度L(km)	曲折率C	封闭率e	河曲轴长M(km)
十字乡古河道	10.28	1.48	6.95	0.87	3.77
七里镇古河道	7.98	2.51	3.18	0.76	3.17
南部县古河道	7.26	1.02	7.12	0.88	3.12
玉台村古河道	8.94	1.95	4.58	0.82	3.57
仪陇县古河道	11.25	1.52	7.40	0.88	4.02
平头乡古河道	10.85	0.78	13.91	0.93	4.61
王家镇古河道	8.64	1.38	6.26	0.86	3.31
石梁乡古河道	5.85	0.66	8.86	0.90	2.42
正源镇古河道	15.54	3.27	4.75	0.83	7.61
金台镇古河道	15.33	1.62	9.59	0.91	6.29
南充市古河道	6.65	1.73	3.84	0.79	2.72
汉塘村古河道	9.18	1.57	5.85	0.85	4.21
吴家坝古河道	18.37	0.96	19.14	0.95	5.21

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表 2 嘉陵江古河道河曲带参数统计

Table 2. Statistics of the meander belt parameters of the Jialing River's old channel

河曲带名称	河曲带参数
河曲带名称	河道长度S(km)	河曲带轴长L(km)	曲折率C	波幅W(km)	波长λ(km)
阆中-南部	96.81	42.38	2.28	3.36~12.94	5.30
南部-金溪镇	118.51	35.52	3.37	3.96~16.46	5.07
金溪镇-南充	132.65	38.58	3.44	4.26~17.68	6.43
南充-李渡镇	85.91	34.89	2.46	3.34~10.42	6.98
广元市昭化镇-合川市	744.43	271.17	2.75	-	-

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表 3 嘉陵江中游古今河道河曲带参数对比统计

Table 3. Statistics of the meander belt parameters compared Jialing River's old channel with modern channel

河曲带名称		河曲带参数
河曲带名称		河道长度S(km)	河曲带轴长L(km)	曲折率C	振幅W(km)	波长λ(km)	比降J(m/km)
阆中-南部	今河道	71.29	42.38	1.68	3.38~12.92	7.06	0.38
	古河道	96.81	42.38	2.28	3.36~12.94	5.30	0.28
南部-金溪镇	今河道	78.83	35.52	2.22	4.02~16.38	7.10	0.38
	古河道	118.51	35.52	3.37	3.96~16.46	5.07	0.25
金溪镇-南充	今河道	81.32	38.58	2.11	4.48~17.58	9.65	0.31
	古河道	132.65	38.58	3.44	4.26~17.68	6.43	0.19
南充-李渡镇	今河道	65.59	34.89	1.88	2.22~9.16	8.72	0.32
	古河道	85.91	34.89	2.46	3.34~10.42	6.98	0.24
广元市昭化镇-合川市	今河道	619.20	271.17	2.28	—	—	0.44
	古河道	744.43	271.17	2.75	—	—	0.36

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