Etch Figures Related to the Symmetry and Structure of the Crystal Faces
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摘要: 综合分析了石英、石榴子石、橄榄石、锆石、红柱石的各不同结晶学意义的晶面腐蚀像特点，总结了晶面腐蚀像与晶面对称性及晶面结构特点之间的关系.腐蚀像不仅可以揭示晶面及晶体的对称性，还可以揭示晶面的结晶学意义，即同一晶体上的不同结晶学意义的晶面，尽管对称性相同，也具有不同的腐蚀像；不同晶体之间的具有相同对称性的晶面可能会有相同的腐蚀像；腐蚀像类似于一种宏观晶体形态，主要与晶面的对称性有关，与晶面上原子、离子排列的结构细节关系不大；同一晶体的同一晶面在不同的腐蚀剂中所得的腐蚀像也可能完全不同；有些晶面的腐蚀像可以用晶体生长形态的常见晶面与被腐蚀面的交棱来解释.该研究在揭示晶体溶解形态机理、将溶解形态与晶体生长形态对比、用溶解形态来反映晶体曾经经历的酸-碱环境等方面具有理论与实际意义.Abstract: Etch figures of different crystallographic faces on quartz, garnet, olivine, zircon and andalusite have been observed and analyzed. The relationship between etch figures and crystal face symmetry as well as the characteristics of face structures is summarized. It is shown that etch figures can not only reflect the face symmetry, but also reflect the face crystallographic significance. The crystal faces with different crystallographic significance on the same crystal must have different etch figures, even though they may have the same symmetry. However, the faces with the same symmetry among different crystals maybe have the same etch figures. Etch figures are mainly related to the face symmetry, similar to the crystal morphology, but not related to the detailed arrangement of the atoms or ions on the faces. The etch figures formed by different solvents on the same face may be completely different. Some etch figures can be explained by the intersection edges between the growth faces on the crystal habit and the etching face. This research clarifies the mechanism of resolved shapes on crystals, illustrates the relationship between the resolved morphology and growth morphology and indicates the acid or alkali environment of the crystals.
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图 5 石英、石榴子石、橄榄石、红柱石的常见晶体形态
a.石英；b.石榴子石；c.橄榄石；d.红柱石
Fig. 5. The habits of quartz, garnet, olivine and andalusite
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