用高分辨率质谱揭示塔中4油田原油成因机制

李素梅; 史权; 张宝收; 张海祖; 潘娜; 赵明; 孟祥兵

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2013.009

用高分辨率质谱揭示塔中4油田原油成因机制

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2013.009

1.
中国石油大学油气资源与探测国家重点实验室, 北京 102249
2.
中国石油大学重质油国家重点实验室, 北京 102249
3.
中国石油塔里木油田分公司, 新疆库尔勒 841000

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金 40973031

国家自然科学基金 41173061

中国石油大学资源与探测国家重点实验室项目 PRPJC2008-02

中国石油大学资源与探测国家重点实验室项目 PRP/indep-1-1101

国家"973"项目 2011CB201102

详细信息

作者简介:
李素梅(1968-), 女, 教授, 博士, 主要从事油气地质地球化学研究.E-mail: smli8888@yahoo.com.cn

中图分类号: P618
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2012-07-20
- 刊出日期: 2013-01-15

Formation Mechanism of the Oils in Tazhong-4 Oilfield Analyzed by High Resolution Mass Spectrum

1.
State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
3.
PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company, Kuerle 841000, China

摘要

摘要: 塔里木盆地塔中4油田位于塔中构造较高部位, 具有显著不同于周边原油的特征.采用高分辨率质谱、色谱-质谱等对原油成因进行了调查.GC/MS分析表明, 塔中4油田石炭系原油中链烷烃(指示未降解-轻度降解)极其发育, 同时检测到丰富的降解三环萜烷及25-降藿烷系列(指示强烈生物降解), 反映该区油气具有多期充注特征.高分辨率质谱分析显示, 塔中4油田原油中硫化物分布正常, 低等效双键数(DBE)硫化物不太发育, 天然气组成与碳同位素也未显示异常, 反映石炭系原油可能未受TSR作用影响.观察到塔中4油田原油中硫化物组成与分布特征多数与下奥陶统原油相近, 指示两者可能有一定成因联系.混源模拟实验显示, 下奥陶统原油混入可导致塔中4油田原油出现高芳香硫特征.地质地球化学综合研究认为, 塔中4油田原油中芳香硫异常与深源油气混合有关, 与TSR作用关系不明显.
- 塔中隆起 /
- 石炭系原油 /
- 高分辨率质谱 /
- 芳香硫 /
- 成熟度 /
- 石油地质
Abstract: The Carboniferous oil in the Tazhong-4 Oilfield situated in the tectonic high of the Tazhong uplift, is quite different from the surrounding oil. High resolution mass spectrum and GC-MS is utilized to reveal the genetic mechanism of the oil. It is observed that the Tazhong-4 oil are abundant in both n-alkanes (suggesting no or little biodegradation) and biodegraded tricyclic terpanes as well as 25-norhopanes (indicating strong biodegradation) based on GC-MS analysis, which suggests multiple phases of petroleum charging in the area. No abnormal sulfur compounds are detected from the Tazhong-4 oils by FT-ICR MS, namely little sulfur compounds with low values of double-bond equivalent (DBE) detected, and no abnormality is observed for the gases associated with the Tazhong oil from views of both the composition as well as distribution and the stable carbon isotope, which suggests no or little TSR alteration of the Tazhong-4 Carboniferous oil. It is also found that the composition and relative distribution of the sulfur compounds in the Tazhong-4 oilfield is similar to that of the majority of the Lower Ordovician oil, suggesting a genetic affinity between them. It has been testified by experiments that oil-mixing of deep oil such as the Low Ordovician oil with the shallow oil could result in a kind of high dibenzothiophen (DBT) oil like the Tazhong-4 oil. After a comprehensive geochemical and geological investigation, we believe that it was deep oil-mixing that caused the unusually high DBT oil in the Tazhong-4 oilfield rather than TSR.
- Tazhong uplift /
- Carboniferous oil /
- high resolution mass spectrum /
- maturity /
- dibenzothiophen /
- petroleum geology

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图 1 塔中4油田构造位置与油藏剖面

图a中说明：①I号断裂构造带；②TZ47-15井区；③TZ4油田/井区；④TZ16井区；⑤TZ1-6井区

Fig. 1. Tectonic location and profile of the Tazhong 4 oil pool

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图 2 塔中4油田及邻区代表性原油中链烷烃与降解萜烷系列分布特征

空心圆为降解三环萜烷，实心圆为25-降解藿烷系列

Fig. 2. Distribution characteristics of the n-alkanes and biodegraded terpanes in the representative Tazhong-4 and the adjacent oils

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图 3 塔中4井区部分石炭系原油的芳烃总离子流图显示含超高丰度的二苯并噻吩系列

图中MN、DMN、TMN、TEMN分别为甲基、二甲基、三甲基和四甲基萘；DBT、MDBT、DMDBT、TMDBT分别为二苯并噻吩、甲基、二甲基、三甲基二苯并噻吩

Fig. 3. Total ion chromatography of aromatic hydrocarbons in the Carboniferous oils illustrating significant high relative abundance of DBTs

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图 4 塔中4油田石炭系等原油中DBTs分布特征对比

Fig. 4. Correlation of the DBTs in the Carboniferous oils with the others in the Tazhong Uplift

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图 5 塔中4油田石炭系等原油中S₁系列化合物碳数、DBE及其强度关系(x轴包含一个衍生甲基碳，泡点图大小代表不同DBE的S₁化合物的强度)

Fig. 5. Plots of DBE versus the carbon number for the S₁ class species in methylated oils from the positiveion ESI FT-ICR MS

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图 6 塔中4油田石炭系等原油中不同DBE系列的S₁化合物分布特征

Fig. 6. Distribution characteristics of the S₁ compounds with different DBE values for the Carboniferous oils etc

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图 7 芳烃馏分中二苯并噻吩、全油中DBE=9(DBE₉)系列S₁化合物相对丰度与饱/芳比关系(非石炭系数据源自Li et al., 2011b)

Fig. 7. Relative abundance of DBTs in aromatic fractions and DBE=9 compounds among S₁ versus saturated hydrocarbons/aromatics ratio

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表 1 塔中4油田石炭系原油基本特征

Table 1. Basic characteristics of the Carboniferous oils from the Tazhong-4 oilfield

井号	井段(m)	层位	密度(20 ℃)(g/cm³)	粘度(50 ℃)(mm²/s)	凝固点(℃)	硫醇(μg/mL)	饱和烃(%)	芳烃(%)	非烃(%)	沥青质(%)	αααS/R	DBT(μg/g)	DBT(%)	DBT/P
TZ406	3 646.92~3 693.26	C_Ⅲ	0.91	3.85	-	-	23.1	32.7	11.5	32.7	0.53	861	42.1	0.94
TZ404	3 619.47~3 681.81	C_Ⅱ-Ⅲ	-	-	-	-	55.5	28.2	11.8	4.5	0.51	3 790	46.2	2.59
TZ4	3 532~3 548	C_Ⅱ	0.85	3.12	-25.0	-	74.8	19.5	5.7	0	0.47	4 230	29.8	1.52
TZ4	3 712~3 720	C_Ⅲ	0.92	51.19	10.5	-	58.0	25.7	12.7	3.6	0.53	4132	51.7	2.53
TZ408	3 631.5~3 632.5	CⅢ	0.85	3.76	< -30.0	-	58.9	26.3	12.1	2.7	0.53	3 923	45.2	2.52
TZ402	3 510~3 535	C_Ⅱ	0.83	2.56	-34.0		55.9	30.5	13.6	0	0.52	4 058	44.6	2.66
TZ402	3 613~3 628	C_Ⅲ	0.84	2.81	-19.0	1.63	55.7	28.6	11.4	4.3	0.53	4 168	44.5	2.68
TZ402	3 705.5~3 708	C_Ⅲ	0.92	72.05	-21.5		36.0	24.6	10.3	29.1	0.55	2 670	42.7	2.59
TZ421	3 221.0~3 223.5	C_Ⅰ	0.82	4.75	-36.0		52.6	25.3	10.5	11.6	0.53	2 685	41.8	2.16
TZ421	3 478~3 494.5	C_Ⅱ	0.75	0.91	-45.0	1.60	86.4	10.2	3.4	0	0.49	3 419	19.6	1.12
TZ421	3 570.5~3 575.0	C_Ⅲ	0.84	2.85	-16.0	-	57.8	30.4	11.8	0	0.52	4 190	40.0	2.17
TZ421	3 700.5~3 702.5	C_Ⅲ	-	-	-	1.63	59.3	22.9	8.5	9.3	0.51	2 820	11.3	0.34
TZ422	3 604.0~3 624.0	C_Ⅲ	-	-	-	-	54.3	32.6	10.1	2.9	0.54	3 809	45.8	2.76
TZ75	3 701.00~3 715	C_Ⅲ	0.86	6.25	-14.0	-	46.5	32.6	11.6	9.3	0.51	4 590	44.8	2.96
TZ401	3 685~3 703	C_Ⅲ	0.90	11.93	-5.0	-	40.4	31.7	15.4	12.5	0.53	6 243	54.1	4.56
TZ411	3 263~3 450	C_Ⅰ	-	-	-		52.1	27.6	9.8	10.4	0.52	2 938	41.9	1.76
TZ411	3 227.5~3 328	C_Ⅰ	0.86	7.81	-18.0		36.4	38.6	14.8	10.2	0.52	3 320	40.6	2.24
TZ411	3 439~3 450	C_Ⅰ	0.83	4.37	-10.0		48.7	31.1	11.8	8.4	0.53	3 131	42.2	1.93
TZ411	3 720~3 723	C_Ⅲ	0.87	9.9	-12.5	-	60.9	25.4	6.5	7.1	0.54	4 711	53.8	4.75
注：表中αααS/R.C₂₉甾烷ααα20S/(S+R)；DBT/P.二苯并噻吩/菲；DBT(μg/g).二苯并噻吩在原油中的绝对丰度；DBT.二苯并噻吩在可定性芳烃中的百分含量.

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表 2 常规GC/MS、FT-ICR MS检测的塔中83井原油(O₁)中的含硫化合物对比

Table 2. Correlation of the sulfur compounds from the TZ83 (O₁) oil detected by GC-MS and FT-ICR MS

含硫化合物类型			检测途径
硫化合物中的杂原子类型及数量	化合物名称	等价双键数DBE	GC/MS(可检测碳数)		FT-ICR MS(可检测碳数)
S₁	硫醚	0	-		+	C₁₁~C₄₀
	环硫醚(四氢化噻吩)	1	+	C₁₀~C₃₀	+	C₈~C₄₆
		2	-		+	C₁₁~C₄₅
	噻吩	3	-		+	C₉~C₄₅
		4	-		+	C₁₂~C₄₃
		5	-		+	C₁₁~C₄₃
	苯并噻吩	6	-		+	C₉~C₄₄
		7	-		+	C₉~C₄₃
		8	-		+	C₁₄~C₄₃
	二苯并噻吩	9	+	C₁₂~C₁₅	+	C₁₀~C₄₇
		10~11	-		+	C₁₂~C₄₄
		12	-		+	C₁₄~C₄₄
		13	-		+	C₁₄~C₄₁
		14	-		+	C₁₆~C₄₄
		15	-		+	C₁₈~C₄₂
		16	-		+	C₁₉~C₄₁
		17	-		+	C₂₀~C₄₁
		18	-		+	C₂₃~C₄₀
		19	-		+	C₂₅~C₄₀
O₁S₁		0~14				C₈~C_40^*
O₁S₂		4~9	-		+	C₇~C_29^*
O₂S₁		1~10	-		+	C₁₁~C_37^*
O₃S₁		2~7				C₅~C_28^*
S₂		8~10	-		+	C₁₃~C_46^*
S₃		7				C₂₃~C₄₈
注：“-”.未能检测；“+”.可检测；“*”.因化合物的DBE值而异.

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表 3 三元混合模拟实验参数

Table 3. Parameters for the binary and ternary oil mixing experiment

混合类型	端元素油	与配比类型	DBTs(μg/g)	芳烃(μg/g)	DBT^*(%)	饱和烃(%)	芳烃(%)	饱/芳
		A(TZ15, S)	646.31	4 854	13.31	36.1	30.9	1.17
端元油		B(TZ4, C_Ⅱ)	4 230.00	14 179	29.83	74.8	19.5	3.84
		C(ZG5, O₁)	2 021.00	3 585	56.37	96.36	2.18	44.17
		A∶B∶C=0.5∶0.5∶9	206 271.55	417 815	49.37	92.269	4.482	20.59
三元	配比油	A∶B∶C=1∶1∶8	210 443.10	477 130	44.11	88.178	6.784	13.00
		A∶B∶C=1.5∶1.5∶7	214 614.65	536 445	40.01	84.087	9.086	9.25
		A∶C=1∶9	1 883.531	3 684.9	51.11	90.3	5.1	17.88
二元	配比油	A∶C=2∶8	1 746.062	3 784.8	46.13	84.3	7.9	10.64
		A∶C=3∶7	1 608.593	3 884.7	41.41	78.3	10.8	7.25
注：*.相对于GC/MS检测的芳烃馏分中可定性芳烃化合物总和.

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