Inter-Annual Variation of Temperature and Precipitation Gradient at the Eastern Slope of Yulong Snow Mountain
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摘要: 依据玉龙雪山东坡4个不同海拔高度处自动气象站观测的2008年10月至2009年9月的气温和降水资料，系统分析了该区气温和降水梯度的年内变化特征.结果表明，同一海拔区间温度梯度月变化存在显著差异，海拔2 400~3 046 m之间温度梯度绝对值的最大值和最小值分别出现在4月(1.01 ℃/100 m)和12月(0.39 ℃/100 m)，两者相差0.62 ℃/100 m；海拔3 046~4 300 m之间温度梯度绝对值的最大最小值分别出现在4月(0.60 ℃/100 m)和1月(0.32 ℃/100 m)，两者相差0.28 ℃/100 m；在4 300~4 800 m之间，月温度梯度绝对值最大值和最小值分别为2月(0.80 ℃/100 m)和8月(0.46 ℃/100 m)，两者相差0.32 ℃/100 m.另外，玉龙雪山东坡海拔2 400、3 046、4 300和4 800 m处的2009年5月到10月的降水总量依次为788.40、1 884.30、735.30和1 680.70 mm；该区雨季降水量(5-10月)随海拔变化存在两个峰值带，第一大降水带在海拔2 800~3 200 m左右，养育了森林植被，第二大降水带在海拔4 800~5 000 m左右，养育了冰川.同时，月降水梯度随海拔升高呈现出“正-负-正”的变化形式.Abstract: Based on the data of temperature and rainfall recorded by automatic weather stations at different altitudes in the eastern slope of Yulong Snow Mountain from Oct. 2008 to Sep. 2009, the inter-annual variations of temperature and precipitation gradient have been systematically analyzed. The results show that the monthly variation of temperature gradient is significant. Between 2 400 m to 3 046 m, the maximum absolute value of the temperature gradient is 1.01 ℃/100 m in April, the minimum is 0.39 ℃/100 m in December, and the difference is 0.62 ℃/100 m; and the maximum absolute value of the temperature gradient is 0.60 ℃/100 m between 2 400 m to 3 046 m in April, the minimum is 0.32 ℃/100 m in January, both differ by 0.28 ℃/100 m; whereas the maximum absolute value of the temperature gradient is 0.80 ℃/100 m in February, the minimum is 0.46 ℃/100 m in August, and the difference is 0.32 ℃/100 m between 3 046 m to 4 300 m. The precipitation at 2 400, 3 046, 4 300 and 4 800 m above sea level in the eastern slope during May-October is 788.4, 1 884.3, 435.3 and 1 980.7 mm respectively. What's more, with the rise of elevation, there are two precipitation peaks and precipitation gradient display variations from positive to negative to positive to negative. The first higher rainfall belt is between 2 800 m and 3 200 m above sea level, may supply plenty moisture to the forest area; the second largest precipitation zone is in the glacier covered area between 4 800 m and 5 000 m above sea level, providing mass accumulation for glacier formation.
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图 1 玉龙雪山地理位置及其东坡梯度自动气象站分布
Fig. 1. Location of the Yulong Snow Mountain and the automatic weather stations at different altitudes at the east slope of Yulong Snow Mountain
图 2 不同海拔高度间温度梯度逐月变化趋势
Fig. 2. Trends of monthly temperature gradient at different altitudes
图 3 2009年5-10月玉龙雪山东坡不同海拔高度月降水量分布(a)、不同海拔高度间月降水梯度分布(b)和总降水量随海拔高度的变化(c)
Fig. 3. Monthly precipitation (a), monthly precipitation gradient (b) and distribution of the total precipitation with the altitude (c) from May to Oct. 2009 at the east slope of Yulong Snow Mountain
表 1 不同海拔高度间月平均温度Pearson相关系数
Table 1. Pearson correlation coefficient of monthly mean temperature at different altitudes
高度间距(m) 2 400~3 046 3 046~4 300 4 300~4 800 Pearson相关系数 0.96 0.98 0.99 
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表 2 玉龙雪山东坡不同海拔高度气温梯度分布(℃/100 m)
Table 2. Temperature gradient at the east slope of Yulong Snow Mountain
时间(月) 高度间距(m) 月平均值 2 400~3 046 3 046~4 300 4 300~4 800 1 -0.98 -0.32 -0.78 -0.69 2 -0.84 -0.54 -0.80 -0.73 3 -0.96 -0.59 -0.76 -0.77 4 -1.01 -0.60 -0.66 -0.76 5 -0.98 -0.54 -0.67 -0.73 6 -0.77 -0.56 -0.54 -0.62 7 -0.76 -0.53 -0.48 -0.59 8 -0.66 -0.53 -0.46 -0.55 9 -0.71 -0.54 -0.48 -0.58 10 -0.79 -0.43 -0.60 -0.60 11 -0.42 -0.50 -0.79 -0.57 12 -0.39 -0.44 -0.71 -0.51 年平均值 -0.77 -0.51 -0.64 -0.64
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表 3 不同海拔高度间月降水梯度(mm/100 m)
Table 3. Monthly precipitation gradient at different altitudes
时间(月) 高度间距(m) 2 400~3 046 3 046~4 300 4 300~4 800 5 22.96 -6.40 2.96 6 11.19 -15.50 66.40 7 48.31 -35.70 81.92 8 72.80 -32.20 20.94 9 8.52 - 1.50 2.98 10 5.78 -0.30 13.88
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