覆盖区勘查地球化学理论研究进展与案例

王学求; 张必敏; 姚文生; 孙彬彬

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2012.119

覆盖区勘查地球化学理论研究进展与案例

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2012.119

中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所，河北廊坊 065000

基金项目:

“深部探测技术与实验研究”科技专项第四项目“地壳全元素探测技术与实验示范” SinoProbe-04

国家自然科学基金项目 41203038

详细信息

作者简介:
王学求(1963-)，男，研究员，主要从事勘查地球化学研究.E-mail: wangxueqiu@igge.cn

中图分类号: P632
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2012-10-23
- 网络出版日期: 2021-11-09
- 刊出日期: 2012-06-15

New Evidences for Transport Mechanism and Case Histories of Geochemical Exploration through Covers

Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration CAGS, Langfang065000, China

摘要

摘要: 覆盖区勘查地球化学近年在迁移机理研究上最显著的进展是在矿体上方覆盖层土壤中直接观测到Cu、Au等纳米金属微粒和植物细胞中的成矿元素，从纳米尺度和分子水平直接观测到的微观迁移证据使得覆盖区勘查地球化学迁移机理研究从描述性模型向实证性模型实现了质的飞跃.通过对北方干旱沙漠覆盖区金矿、中部湿润农田覆盖区铜镍矿、南方植被红土覆盖区的铜金银矿研究表明，Cu、Au元素主要以纳米微粒形式穿透火山岩、变质岩和土壤覆盖层，用深穿透地球化学的微粒分离和铁锰氧化物提取技术可以有效指示隐伏矿体.干旱盆地砂岩型铀矿的研究表明，铀在氧化条件下以铀酰络阳离子(UO₂²⁺) 形式迁移到地表，并被土壤中粘土所吸附，吸附相中的铀占全部的铀比例最高(17%~40%)，使用物理分离粘土或化学提取粘土吸附相铀可以有效地指示深部铀矿体.
- 覆盖区 /
- 勘查 /
- 地球化学 /
- 纳米金属微粒 /
- 细胞中金属 /
- 矿床
Abstract: Recent years, a great progress on exploration geochemistry has been made in findings of evidences of nanoparticles of metals and metals in vegetable cells. The findings have provided nanoscale and molecular-level understanding of metal transportation from the concealed ore bodies through the overburden covers. The case history studies from concealed Au, Cu-Ni, Cu-Au-Ag deposits show that these nanoparticles of metals could penetrate through sedimentary, metamorphic and soil covers to the surface. Nanoparticle sampling and selective leaching of oxide coatings are effective to indicate concealed deposits. Case study on sandstone-type uranium deposits show that uranium is converted to uranyl ions (UO₂²⁺) under oxidizing conditions and is sorbed on clay minerals to accumulate in anomalous concentrations, which comprise from 17.9% to 40% of the total U content. Separation of fine-grained clay-rich soils or selective leaching of absorbed U onto clays are effective for deep-penetrating geochemical surveys for sandstone-type uranium deposits.
- covered terrains /
- exploration /
- geochemistry /
- metal nanoparticles /
- metals in cells /
- ore deposits

HTML全文

图 1 河南南阳周庵铜镍矿床地气、土壤和矿石中纳米微粒

a.地气中的Cu-Ti纳米微粒；b.覆盖层土壤中的Cu-Ti纳米微粒；c.矿石中的Cu-Ti纳米微粒

Fig. 1. Nanoscale particles of metals in gases, soils and ores at Zhouan Cu-Ni deposit, Nanyang, Henan

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 金窝子金矿上方覆盖层沙土中Au的三维空间分布

Fig. 2. Three dimensional distribution of Au in the sand cover over the Jinwozi gold ore body

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 地气流携带纳米金属颗粒迁移模型

Fig. 3. Migration modal of nanoscale metal particles carried by earthgas

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图 4 穿过金窝子金矿不同粒级测量结果

Fig. 4. Gold distribution in different fraction of soils across the ore bodies

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图 5 河南南阳周庵隐伏铜镍矿环状异常

Fig. 5. Circular anomaly of concealed Zhouan Cu-Ni deposit in Nanyang, Henan

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 紫金山外围的悦洋盆地底部的低温热液型金银铀矿被上方火山岩盖层覆盖示意图

Fig. 6. Epithermal Ag-Au-U deposit hosted in the bottom of Yueyang Basin of the periphery of Zijinshan is covered by volcanic rocks

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图 7 紫金山外围悦洋盆地隐伏银矿Au、Ag异常

Fig. 7. Distribution of Au and Ag over Yueyang Ag deposit at the periphery of the Zijinshan Au-Cu deposit

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图 8 吐哈盆地砂岩型铀矿地球化学异常

Fig. 8. Geochemical anomalies for sandstone type uranium deposits in Turpan-Harmi basin

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