Metallogenic Depth, Post-Mineralization Uplift and Denudation of Porphyry-Like Type Iron Deposits in Ningwu, Luzong Basins: Evidences from Apatite Fission Track
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摘要: 矿床形成深度及成矿后的变化与保存是目前深部找矿亟待解决的关键问题.选取4个成矿年龄均为130 Ma左右的典型玢岩铁矿, 分别为宁芜盆地中矿体已经出露地表并经受过剥蚀的东山铁矿和矿体埋藏距地表 40 m以下的梅山铁矿, 庐枞盆地中矿体埋藏距地表400 m以下的罗河铁矿和矿体埋藏距地表600 m以下的泥河铁矿, 采用双重定年技术对这4个矿床主成矿阶段矿石矿物组合中的磷灰石进行了裂变径迹研究.结果显示: (1)东山铁矿AFT合并年龄为106.3±5.4 Ma, 梅山铁矿为94.2±4.0 Ma, 罗河铁矿为81.3±4.0 Ma, 泥河铁矿为79.1±3.3 Ma, 且AFT年龄和围限径迹长度随样品埋藏深度减小而增大, 分别更接近成矿年龄和原始径迹长度, 显示4个矿床成矿后差异抬升剥蚀作用导致磷灰石样品通过部分退火带时的冷却速率存在差别; (2)热史模拟反映这4个矿床成矿后均经历了早期短暂快速冷却和后期长期缓慢冷却2个阶段, 两阶段之间的拐点温度接近, 对应深度为1.7~1.8 km, 结合其他证据证明宁芜、庐枞盆地玢岩铁矿成矿深度均为2 km左右.说明这4个矿床现今埋藏深度的差异主要是由于成矿后的抬升、剥蚀作用导致.(3)自110 Ma以来宁芜盆地的整体抬升剥蚀幅度大于庐枞盆地, 导致宁芜盆地大部分玢岩铁矿矿体接近或暴露地表.2个盆地早期抬升剥蚀作用与区域性黄桥事件同步.Abstract: The metallogenic depth and post-mineralization uplift and denudation are the key issues in deep prospecting, which have been weak in the study of mineral deposits due to the absence of effective technology. The authors select Dongshan, Meishan porphyry-like iron deposits in Ningwu basin and Nihe, Luohe porphyry-like iron deposits in Luzong basin formed about ~130 Ma as the study subjects for the metallogenic depth and post-mineralization uplift and denudation of porphyry-like iron deposits, with the help of AFT analysis of apatites in ore mineral assemblages. The results suggest: (1) the pooled AFT ages(1σ) of the four deposits are 106.3±5.4 Ma, 94.2±4.0 Ma, 81.3±4.0 Ma and 79.1±3.3 Ma, respectively, showing the ore bodies of four deposits passed the PAZ successively. The AFT ages and confined track lengths decrease with the increase of buried depth of samples and become close to the mineralization ages and the initial confined track length, which are possibly controlled by diverse uplift and denudation after mineralization leading to the different cooling rates while the samples passed the PAZ. (2) The thermal histories of AFT modeling reflect that there are two different cooling stages, namely the rapid cooling progress caused by losing of heat source and the slow cooling progress caused by uplift. The temperature inflection points between the two stages of the four deposits are probably identical, corresponding to a depth of 1.7 to 1.8 km. (3) Since 110 Ma, the uplift and denudation rate of the Ningwu basin have been greater than those of Luzong basin, so that most ore deposits in Ningwu basin buried shallowly or even exposed to the surface. The early uplift and denudation were controlled by the regional Yellow Bridge tectonic event.
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Key words:
- metallogenic depth /
- uplift /
- denudation /
- AFT /
- porphyry-like type iron deposit
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图 1 庐枞盆地(a)和宁芜盆地(b)地质简图及矿床分布
Fig. 1. Geological maps of Luzong (a) and Ningwu (b) volcanic basins
图 2 泥河、罗河、梅山、东山、凹山铁矿剖面
Fig. 2. The main sections of Nihe, Luohe, Meishan, Washan porphyry iron deposits
图 3 泥河铁矿AP-1和罗河铁矿AP-4的AFT热历史模拟曲线
热历史图中，浅灰色围限区代表“可以接受的”热史拟合曲线集(GOF检验值＞5%); 深灰色围限区代表“高质量的”热史模拟曲线集(GOF检验值＞50%). 代表热史曲线中分段间拐点，热史模拟各赋予2个限制条件，底部限制条件由磷灰石最低形成温度、U-Pb年龄、40Ar-39Ar年龄限定，第二个限制条件由磷灰石退火温度和开始冷却年龄限定
Fig. 3. Thermal histories of AFT modeling of sample AP-1 from Nihe and sample AP-4 from Luohe iron deposit
图 4 梅山铁矿MS303和东山铁矿DAP-1的AFT热历史模拟曲线
Fig. 4. Thermal histories of AFT modeling of sample MS303 from Meishan and sample DAP-1 from Dognshan iron deposit
图 5 东山铁矿DAP-2的AFT热历史模拟曲线
Fig. 5. Thermal history of AFT modeling of sample DAP-2 from Dongshan iron deposit
图 6 (a) 闪长玢岩角闪石斑晶的形成的骸晶结构、暗化边结构单偏光以及(b)斜长石基质的流动构造正交光
Fig. 6. The skeletal and dark side texture of hornblende phenocryst in diorite porphyrite single polarizing (a) and the flow structure of plagioclase in groundmass orthogonal light (b)
图 7 4个玢岩铁矿AFT年龄和样品深度相关关系(a)以及平均围限径迹长度和样品深度相关关系(b)
Fig. 7. Correlation relations of AFT age vs.sample depth (a) and mean confined track length vs.sample depth (b) from four porphyry iron deposits
表 1 泥河、罗河、梅山、东山铁矿磷灰石裂变径迹分析数据
Table 1. AFT data of Nihe, Luohe, Meishan, Dongshan iron deposits
样品号 样品性质 所属矿床 采样埋深(m) FT年龄(Ma, 1σ)
(25个颗粒合并)围限径迹长度(μm) Dpar均值(μm) AP-1 磁铁矿矿石 泥河铁矿 720 79.1±3.3 13.44±1.11(132条径迹平均) 2.10 AP-4 磁铁矿矿石 罗河铁矿 670 81.3±4.0 13.56±1.25(140条径迹平均) 2.18 MS303 磁铁矿矿石 梅山铁矿 320 94.2±4.0 14.14±1.17(150条径迹平均) 2.69 DAP-1 磁铁矿矿石 东山铁矿 120 106.3±5.4 14.78±1.04(195条径迹平均) 2.48 DAP-2 磁铁矿矿石 东山铁矿 100 106.9±5.7 14.80±1.03(201条径迹平均) 2.54 
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表 2 4个玢岩铁矿矿石AFT热史模拟分段特征
Table 2. Subsection characteristic of thermal histories of four porphyry iron deposits
样号 矿床 ①、②阶段间拐点温度/深度 冷却速率 AP-1 泥河铁矿 105 ℃/1.7 km ①7.5 ℃/Ma ②0.64℃/Ma 128 Ma→110 Ma 110 Ma→0 Ma 240 ℃→105 ℃ 105℃→35℃ AP-4 罗河铁矿 105 ℃/1.7 km ①8.44 ℃/Ma ②0.63℃/Ma 128 Ma→112 Ma 112 Ma→0 Ma 240 ℃→105 ℃ 105 ℃→35 ℃ MS303 梅山铁矿 110 ℃/1.8 km ①13.5 ℃/Ma ②0.69 ℃/Ma ③1.0 ℃/Ma ④0.5 ℃/Ma 123 Ma→113 Ma 113 Ma→55 Ma 55 Ma→30 Ma 30 Ma→0 Ma 240 ℃→105 ℃ 105 ℃→65 ℃ 65 ℃→40 ℃ 40 ℃→25 ℃ DAP-1 东山铁矿 105 ℃/1.7 km ①16.25 ℃/Ma ②1.78 ℃/Ma ③0.14 ℃/Ma 123 Ma→115 Ma 115 Ma→70 Ma 70 Ma→0 Ma 240 ℃→110 ℃ 110 ℃→30 ℃ 30 ℃→20 ℃
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