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    中亚巴尔喀什成矿带钼-钨矿床的地质热年代学

    陈宣华 陈正乐 韩淑琴 王志宏 杨屹 叶宝莹 李学智 施炜 李勇 陈文

    陈宣华, 陈正乐, 韩淑琴, 王志宏, 杨屹, 叶宝莹, 李学智, 施炜, 李勇, 陈文, 2012. 中亚巴尔喀什成矿带钼-钨矿床的地质热年代学. 地球科学, 37(5): 878-892. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2012.097
    引用本文: 陈宣华, 陈正乐, 韩淑琴, 王志宏, 杨屹, 叶宝莹, 李学智, 施炜, 李勇, 陈文, 2012. 中亚巴尔喀什成矿带钼-钨矿床的地质热年代学. 地球科学, 37(5): 878-892. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2012.097
    CHEN Xuan-hua, CHEN Zheng-le, HAN Shu-qin, WANG Zhi-hong, YANG Yi, YE Bao-ying, Li Xue-zhi, SHI Wei, LI Yong, CHEN Wen, 2012. Geothermochronology of Mo-W Deposits in Balkhash Metallogenic Belt, Kazakhstan, Central Asia. Earth Science, 37(5): 878-892. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2012.097
    Citation: CHEN Xuan-hua, CHEN Zheng-le, HAN Shu-qin, WANG Zhi-hong, YANG Yi, YE Bao-ying, Li Xue-zhi, SHI Wei, LI Yong, CHEN Wen, 2012. Geothermochronology of Mo-W Deposits in Balkhash Metallogenic Belt, Kazakhstan, Central Asia. Earth Science, 37(5): 878-892. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2012.097

    中亚巴尔喀什成矿带钼-钨矿床的地质热年代学

    doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2012.097
    基金项目: 

    国家科技支撑计划重点项目暨国家"305"项目 2007BAB25B02

    详细信息
      作者简介:

      陈宣华(1967-), 男, 博士, 研究员, 主要从事构造地质学和矿产资源科学研究工作.E-mail: xhchen@cags.ac.cn

    • 中图分类号: P597

    Geothermochronology of Mo-W Deposits in Balkhash Metallogenic Belt, Kazakhstan, Central Asia

    • 摘要: 巴尔喀什成矿带是世界著名的中亚成矿域斑岩型铜钼成矿带, 产出许多斑岩型铜钼矿床和一些石英脉-云英岩型钨钼矿床.对巴尔喀什成矿带西部的东科翁腊德、阿克沙套、扎涅特3个典型的石英脉-云英岩型钼钨矿床的成矿时代和剥露过程进行了地质热年代学研究.锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年给出东科翁腊德、阿克沙套、扎涅特与成矿作用有关的花岗岩类岩浆作用的时代分别为293.6±2.7 Ma、306±1 Ma和304±4 Ma, 属海西晚期构造-岩浆活动的产物.花岗岩类40Ar/39Ar测年结果给出了与成矿有关岩体的冷却年龄, 其等时线年龄分别为292±3 Ma(阿克沙套黑云母)、288.8±3.6 Ma(阿克沙套钾长石)和278±5 Ma(东科翁腊德钾长石).磷灰石裂变径迹测年给出东科翁腊德、阿克沙套、扎涅特的年龄分别为92.1±5.7 Ma、92.2±5.0 Ma和80.3±4.9 Ma, 说明这3个矿床的剥露作用主要发生在晚白垩世.花岗岩类岩石U-Pb、40Ar/39Ar和裂变径迹热年代学研究, 揭示了巴尔喀什成矿带Mo-W矿床从深成岩浆侵入活动、成矿作用、区域冷却到剥露作用的全过程.

       

    • 图  1  中亚成矿域巴尔喀什—准噶尔成矿带断裂构造体系与矿床分布示意

      断裂构造体系修改自任纪舜等(1999)李廷栋等(2008).斑岩型铜钼矿床分布修改自李明等(2007)和其他资料.图中四边形框给出本文研究范围.1.左行走滑断裂; 2.右行走滑断裂; 3.逆冲断层; 4.正断层; 5.断层; 6.盘地边界; 7.火山机构(破火山口); 8.斑碧铜矿(符写大小分别代表大、中、不型矿床下同); 9.矽卡岩型银矿; 10.黄铁矿型矿床(铜、金); 11.热液型铜矿; 12.钢镍确化物矿床; 13.火山岩型铜矿∶14.斑岩型金矿,15.矽卡岩型金访; 16.热液型金矿; 17.稀有金属矿床(T、Mo、Sn、Bi等); 18.稀有金属矿床(Ta、Nb、Li、Be、TR等); 19.铁矿床

      Fig.  1.  Thefaultectonic system and mineraldeposit distribution ofthe Balkhash-Jungar metallogenie belt ndits adjacentareas in theCentral Asian metallogenic domain

      图  2  巴尔喀什成矿带西部区域地质简图

      陈宣华等(2010c)修改;1.第四系;2.二叠系;3.石炭-二叠系(未分);4.石炭系;5.泥盆系;6.志留系;7.前寒武系;8.三叠纪花岗岩类;9.二叠纪花岗岩类;10.石炭纪花岗岩类;11.泥盆纪花岗岩类;12.奥陶纪花岗岩类;13.前寒武纪花岗岩类;14.巴尔喀什湖区;15.逆冲断裂;16.右行走滑断裂;17.断裂;18.矿床位置(大点)和采样点位置(小点)

      Fig.  2.  Geological sketch map of the western part of Balkhash metallogenic belt

      图  3  测年锆石CL图像

      Fig.  3.  CL images for measured zircons

      图  4  锆石U-Pb谐和图(图中小图为平均年龄分布)

      Fig.  4.  Zircon 207Pb/235U-206Pb/238U concordia diagrams of granitoids from Mo-W deposits in Balkhash metallogenic belt

      图  5  40Ar/39Ar阶段加热年龄谱(a、c、e)和年龄等时线(b、d、f)

      a、b.xh080910-10(1) 钾长石(东科翁腊德),c、d.xh080914-10(1) 钾长石(阿克沙套),e、f.xh080914-10(2) 黑云母(阿克沙套)

      Fig.  5.  40Ar/39Ar release spectra (a, c, and e) for stepwise heating analyses and isochron diagrams (b, d, and f) of minerals from Mo-W deposits in Balkhash metallogenic belt

      图  6  磷灰石裂变径迹分析结果

      左为单颗粒年龄直方图,曲线为拟合中心年龄趋势;右为放射图,其左侧坐标为误差范围,右侧坐标为年龄,横坐标上为相对误差,下为精度;图中圆点为所测试颗粒,直观标明中心年龄、P(χ2)检验值、相对误差和测试颗粒数

      Fig.  6.  Results of apatite fission track analyses for granitoids from Mo-W deposits in Balkhash metallogenic belt

      图  7  巴尔喀什成矿带钼钨矿床岩浆-成矿作用和剥露过程的温度-时间图解

      年龄数据主要来自本文,Re-Os定年数据来自陈宣华等(2010c).矿物封闭温度据陈宣华等(2010a)和引用的相关文献.a、b、c、d分别为冷却速率0.1 ℃/Ma、1 ℃/Ma、10 ℃/Ma和100 ℃/Ma线.粗虚线及其阴影部分为推测冷却曲线.磷灰石裂变径迹模拟曲线:①为xh080910-10(1)(东科翁腊德);②为xh080914-10(2)(阿克沙套);③为xh080915-4(1)(扎涅特).矿物代号:Zr.锆石; Hb.角闪石; Bi.黑云母; Ksp.钾长石; Ap.磷灰石

      Fig.  7.  Temperature vs time diagram showing the evolution history of magmatism, metallogenesis and exhumation of Mo-W deposits in Balkhash metallogenic belt

      表  1  巴尔喀什成矿带钼钨矿床花岗岩类样品锆石SHRIMP U-Pb测年数据

      Table  1.   Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb data for granitoids from Mo-W deposits in Balkhash metallogenic belt

      测点 Pbc(%) U(10-6) Th(10-6) 232Th/238U 206Pb*(10-6) 207Pb*/206Pb* ±% 207Pb*/235U ±% 206Pb*/238U ±% err.corr. 206Pb/238U(Ma) ±(Ma) 207Pb/206Pb(Ma) ±(Ma)
      样品xh080910-10(1) 碱性花岗岩(东科翁腊德钨钼矿)
      1.1 1.48 118 124 1.08 4.84 0.046 4 9.0 0.301 9.2 0.047 05 1.5 .163 296.4 4.3 20 220
      2.1 1.21 184 158 0.89 7.28 0.047 4 7.2 0.297 7.3 0.045 55 1.3 .182 287.1 3.7 68 170
      3.1 0.75 223 213 0.99 8.78 0.050 1 4.6 0.314 4.9 0.045 39 1.6 .323 286.2 4.4 201 110
      4.1 2.54 20 16 0.82 0.897 0.053 9 10 0.370 11 0.049 8 3.1 .289 313.6 9.5 366 230
      5.1 1.07 97 86 0.92 3.87 0.051 4 5.4 0.327 5.6 0.046 15 1.6 .292 290.8 4.7 258 120
      6.1 0.36 175 129 0.76 7.03 0.052 6 5.4 0.338 5.6 0.046 66 1.3 .237 294.0 3.8 309 120
      7.1 0.35 177 153 0.89 7.17 0.050 9 2.6 0.328 8 2.9 0.046 86 1.3 .444 295.2 3.7 236 60
      8.1 3.63 16 14 0.91 0.680 0.047 30 0.313 31 0.048 1 3.5 .113 303 10 59 730
      9.1 1.56 71 63 0.92 2.85 0.043 4 7.8 0.277 8.0 0.046 23 1.7 .214 291.3 4.9 -144 190
      10.1 0.98 167 147 0.91 6.88 0.046 6 6.4 0.305 6.6 0.047 47 1.3 .204 299.0 3.9 30 150
      11.1 1.42 90 102 1.17 3.74 0.046 6 16 0.307 16 0.047 84 1.8 .111 301.3 5.2 26 380
      13.1 3.20 57 64 1.16 2.30 0.033 7 30 0.212 30 0.045 72 2.1 .072 288.2 6.0 -818 840
      样品xh080914-10(2) 花岗闪长岩(阿克沙套钨钼矿)
      1.1 0.77 436 246 0.58 18.4 0.052 6 3.0 0.353 3.0 0.048 61 0.51 .169 306.0 1.5 313 68
      2.1 0.00 625 313 0.52 26.2 0.053 11 1.2 0.356 9 1.3 0.048 75 0.46 .355 306.8 1.4 333 27
      3.1 0.06 818 504 0.64 34.2 0.052 67 1.1 0.353 9 1.2 0.048 72 0.38 .313 306.7 1.1 315 26
      4.1 4.06 1 423 846 0.61 61.8 0.052 8 6.7 0.353 6.7 0.048 50 0.88 .131 305.3 2.6 319 150
      5.1 0.25 694 322 0.48 28.8 0.053 72 1.6 0.356 6 1.6 0.048 14 0.47 .290 303.1 1.4 360 35
      6.1 0.05 319 194 0.63 13.1 0.053 02 1.8 0.351 0 1.8 0.048 01 0.56 .303 302.3 1.7 330 40
      7.1 0.08 999 618 0.64 42.4 0.051 85 0.9 0.352 9 1.0 0.049 35 0.33 .333 310.5 1.0 279 22
      8.1 0.14 463 282 0.63 19.3 0.053 34 1.5 0.356 5 1.6 0.048 47 0.59 .370 305.1 1.8 343 34
      9.1 902 475 0.54 38.5 0.053 03 1.3 0.363 5 1.3 0.049 72 0.35 .258 312.8 1.1 330 29
      10.1 0.04 1 022 768 0.78 43.5 0.052 96 0.9 0.361 6 0.9 0.049 53 0.37 .394 311.6 1.1 327 20
      11.1 0.48 558 280 0.52 23.4 0.053 8 3.3 0.361 3.4 0.048 68 0.66 .197 306.4 2.0 362 74
      12.1 0.10 510 307 0.62 21.5 0.052 75 1.1 0.356 6 1.1 0.049 03 0.40 .358 308.6 1.2 318 24
      样品xh080915-5(3) 二长花岗斑岩(扎涅特钼矿)
      1.1 0.23 385 316 0.85 16.1 0.050 6 2.5 0.338 3.8 0.048 5 2.8 .747 305.4 8.5 222 58
      2.1 0.33 296 190 0.66 12.5 0.049 7 2.6 0.334 3.2 0.048 74 1.9 .590 306.8 5.7 182 60
      3.1 0.05 270 218 0.83 11.4 0.053 0 3.0 0.359 3.6 0.049 18 1.9 .536 309.5 5.8 328 68
      4.1 0.30 302 303 1.04 12.5 0.052 9 3.2 0.349 3.7 0.047 84 1.9 .516 301.2 5.6 325 72
      5.1 0.42 249 249 1.03 10.5 0.051 3 4.0 0.345 4.6 0.048 8 2.2 .480 307.3 6.6 255 92
      6.1 1.66 653 564 0.89 27.3 0.050 2 5.2 0.332 5.5 0.047 91 1.9 .345 301.7 5.6 206 120
      7.1 0.72 152 138 0.94 6.31 0.051 2 6.4 0.339 6.7 0.048 01 2.1 .309 302.3 6.1 251 150
      8.1 2.36 447 397 0.92 18.9 0.053 1 7.0 0.352 7.3 0.048 13 1.9 .262 303.0 5.6 331 160
      9.1 0.23 424 316 0.77 17.5 0.052 1 2.3 0.345 3.0 0.048 03 1.9 .622 302.4 5.5 288 53
      10.1 0.08 333 398 1.24 14.9 0.053 6 3.4 0.384 3.9 0.051 97 1.9 .484 326.6 6.0 356 77
      11.1 418 311 0.77 18.6 0.054 31 1.7 0.388 3 2.5 0.051 86 1.8 .731 325.9 5.9 384 39
      12.1 1.56 401 527 1.36 16.5 0.057 6 5.4 0.374 6.3 0.047 1 3.2 .513 296.7 9.3 514 120
      注:误差为1σ;Pbc和Pb*分别代表普通铅(206Pbc)和放射成因铅;使用实测的204Pb含量进行普通铅校正.
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  2  巴尔喀什成矿带钼钨矿床花岗岩类40Ar/39Ar年龄测试数据

      Table  2.   40Ar/39Ar dating data for granitoids from Mo-W deposits in Balkhash metallogenic belt

      阶段 T(℃) (40Ar/39Ar)m (36Ar/39Ar)m (37Ar/39Ar)m (38Ar/39Ar)m 40Ar(%) F 39Ar(10-14 mol) 39Ar(Cum.)(%) t(Ma) ±1σ(Ma)
      xh080910-10(1) 碱性花岗岩钾长石(东科翁腊德),W=28.25 mg,J=0.004 795
      1 700 46.095 8 0.050 3 0.014 2 0.023 5 67.72 31.217 4 0.72 1.84 251.6 2.4
      2 800 37.579 5 0.013 4 0.019 1 0.015 5 89.42 33.605 1 2.53 8.32 269.5 2.5
      3 850 36.713 2 0.006 6 0.005 5 0.013 9 94.70 34.768 8 1.62 12.46 278.2 2.6
      4 900 37.963 4 0.010 6 0.012 9 0.015 2 91.72 34.820 7 1.52 16.36 278.5 2.6
      5 950 39.528 3 0.017 4 0.008 5 0.016 3 87.00 34.388 2 1.48 20.14 275.3 2.6
      6 1 000 41.277 9 0.025 3 0.011 3 0.017 9 81.88 33.797 9 1.87 24.92 271.0 2.5
      7 1 050 41.108 6 0.025 0 0.004 7 0.017 9 82.03 33.719 6 3.72 34.46 270.4 2.5
      8 1 090 41.194 4 0.025 0 0.006 1 0.017 6 82.05 33.798 7 3.31 42.95 271.0 2.5
      9 1 130 40.081 2 0.021 4 0.007 2 0.017 1 84.24 33.762 9 4.25 53.82 270.7 2.5
      10 1 170 38.486 3 0.015 0 0.003 1 0.015 8 88.47 34.047 7 8.31 75.10 272.8 2.5
      11 1 200 37.711 5 0.010 9 0.000 0 0.015 0 91.43 34.478 8 5.15 88.29 276.0 2.6
      12 1 250 38.037 6 0.011 8 0.000 0 0.015 3 90.85 34.557 8 1.90 93.14 276.6 2.6
      13 1 330 38.707 1 0.014 0 0.000 0 0.015 5 89.29 34.560 8 1.95 98.14 276.6 2.6
      14 1 400 38.446 9 0.012 2 0.000 0 0.015 2 90.59 34.829 1 0.73 100.00 278.6 2.7
      Total age = 272.9 Ma
      xh080914-10(1) 碱性花岗岩钾长石(阿克沙套),W=27.11 mg,J=0.005 648
      1 700 33.556 4 0.022 6 0.034 8 0.017 7 80.10 26.877 8 0.71 1.54 255.0 2.5
      2 800 32.757 0 0.010 6 0.013 8 0.014 8 90.40 29.613 5 1.87 5.60 279.0 2.6
      3 900 31.379 8 0.002 8 0.010 4 0.013 1 97.34 30.540 0 4.32 14.98 287.1 2.7
      4 950 31.498 8 0.002 4 0.007 7 0.012 9 97.73 30.783 9 3.15 21.81 289.2 2.7
      5 1 000 31.778 7 0.003 1 0.004 5 0.013 2 97.13 30.866 2 3.89 30.25 289.9 2.7
      6 1 040 31.999 1 0.003 9 0.000 2 0.013 3 96.35 30.830 7 3.60 38.05 289.6 2.7
      7 1 080 32.510 8 0.005 9 0.000 0 0.013 8 94.59 30.751 8 3.48 45.61 288.9 2.7
      8 1 130 33.105 6 0.008 4 0.000 9 0.014 3 92.52 30.630 0 5.11 56.70 287.8 2.7
      9 1 180 32.916 2 0.007 7 0.001 2 0.014 2 93.07 30.636 4 8.31 74.74 287.9 2.7
      10 1 220 32.583 7 0.005 9 0.000 8 0.013 8 94.68 30.849 2 7.31 90.61 289.8 2.7
      11 1 280 32.622 3 0.005 8 0.004 9 0.013 9 94.75 30.911 2 3.33 97.83 290.3 2.7
      12 1 340 33.138 2 0.006 9 0.000 0 0.014 2 93.82 31.088 7 0.72 99.40 291.8 2.8
      13 1 400 33.449 3 0.006 2 0.000 0 0.013 1 94.47 31.598 2 0.28 100.00 296.2 3.2
      Total age = 288.0 Ma
      xh080914-10(2) 花岗闪长岩黑云母(阿克沙套),W=29.76 mg,J=0.005 748
      1 700 29.226 7 0.068 3 0.200 7 0.043 1 30.98 9.054 5 0.38 1.02 91.5 2.7
      2 800 40.558 3 0.034 3 0.025 9 0.034 8 74.98 30.412 1 2.83 8.62 290.6 2.7
      3 850 31.845 4 0.004 3 0.008 8 0.029 4 96.04 30.585 3 5.22 22.62 292.2 2.7
      4 900 31.267 9 0.001 6 0.007 5 0.029 2 98.48 30.793 3 3.27 31.40 294.0 2.7
      5 950 31.114 4 0.001 1 0.012 6 0.028 8 98.98 30.797 1 2.83 39.01 294.0 2.7
      6 1 000 31.912 7 0.001 5 0.011 7 0.029 0 98.60 31.465 8 3.15 47.48 299.9 2.8
      7 1 050 31.318 0 0.001 5 0.016 8 0.028 7 98.56 30.867 3 5.52 62.31 294.6 2.7
      8 1 100 31.020 9 0.001 7 0.011 8 0.028 9 98.36 30.513 8 7.74 83.09 291.5 2.7
      9 1 140 31.050 1 0.001 6 0.034 2 0.029 2 98.44 30.567 3 5.61 98.15 292.0 2.7
      10 1 180 31.045 2 0.001 2 0.669 8 0.030 9 98.99 30.748 7 0.65 99.88 293.6 2.8
      11 1 400 33.506 2 0.015 0 2.430 8 0.044 7 87.30 29.307 3 0.04 100.00 281 12
      Total age = 291.2 Ma
      注:表中下标m代表样品中测定的同位素比值;F=40Ar*/39Ar,为放射成因40Ar与39Ar的比值
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  3  巴尔喀什成矿带钼钨矿床花岗岩类磷灰石裂变径迹测年分析数据

      Table  3.   Apatite FT dating data for granitoids from Mo-W deposits in Balkhash metallogenic belt

      序号 样品编号 岩性 高程(m) Nc ρd(Nd)(106 cm-2) ρs(Ns)(105 cm-2) ρi(Ni)(106 cm-2)
      1 xh080910-10(1) 碱性花岗岩 402 23 0.968(2420) 2.995(578) 0.557(1075)
      2 xh080914-10(2) 花岗闪长岩 762 23 0.901(2253) 6.199(936) 1.073(1620)
      3 xh080915-4(1) 碱性花岗岩 579 26 0.882(2206) 3.319(624) 0.646(1215)
      序号 样品编号 岩性 U(10-6) P(χ2)% r tFT(Ma±1σ) MTL(μm±1σ)(Nj) SD(μm)
      1 xh080910-10(1) 碱性花岗岩 7.2 90.5 0.856 92.1±5.7 13.50±0.12(107) 1.26
      2 xh080914-10(2) 花岗闪长岩 14.9 76.7 0.756 92.2±5.0 13.85±0.12(103) 1.20
      3 xh080915-4(1) 碱性花岗岩 9.2 95.9 0.802 80.3±4.9 13.96±0.11(100) 1.15
      注:Nc为测试的颗粒数;ρd为标准玻璃的诱发径迹密度;Nd为标准玻璃的诱发径迹数;ρs为自发径迹密度;Ns为自发径迹数;ρi为外探测器诱发径迹密度;Ni为外探测器诱发径迹数;U为磷灰石样品U含量;P(χ2)是在自由度为Nc-1时得到的χ2值的概率;rNsNi之间的相关系数;Nj为测量的水平围限径迹数;tFT为磷灰石裂变径迹年龄,均为合并年龄;MTL为围限径迹平均长度;SD为径迹长度标准偏差.
      下载: 导出CSV

      表  4  巴尔喀什成矿带钼钨矿床同位素年龄数据

      Table  4.   Combined geochronologic data from Mo-W deposits in Balkhash metallogenic belt

      序号 样品号 采样位置 矿床 岩石名称 测试对象及方法 同位素年龄(Ma)
      1 xh080910-11 N47°01′08.5″,E075°08′05.9″ 东科翁腊德钨钼矿床 云英岩-石英脉 辉钼矿Re-Os 298.0±4.6
      2 xh080910-10(1) N46°59′58.6″,E075°06′38.7″ 碱性花岗岩 SHRIMP锆石U-Pb 293.6±2.7
      3 钾长石40Ar/39Ar 278±5
      4 磷灰石FT 92.1±5.7
      5 xh080914-9 N47°58′52.5″,E074°03′22.4″ 阿克沙套钨钼矿床 云英岩-石英脉 辉钼矿Re-Os 289.3±4.2
      6 xh080914-10(1) N47°59′41.8″,E074°02′35.8″ 碱性花岗岩 钾长石40Ar/39Ar 288.8±3.6
      7 xh080914-10(2) 花岗闪长岩 SHRIMP锆石U-Pb 306±1
      8 黑云母40Ar/39Ar 292±2
      9 磷灰石FT 92.2±5.0
      10 xh080915-5(3) N47°31′16.7″,E074°18′55.0″ 扎涅特钼矿床 二长花岗斑岩 SHRIMP锆石U-Pb 304±4
      11 xh080915-5 云英岩-石英脉 辉钼矿Re-Os 295.0±4.5
      12 xh080915-4(1) N47°32′29.7″,E074°15′17.2″ 碱性花岗岩 磷灰石FT 80.3±4.9
      注:40Ar/39Ar法只给出坪年龄.辉钼矿Re-Os年龄据陈宣华等(2010c),为模式年龄的平均值.
      下载: 导出CSV
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