Reservoir Architectural System in the Middle-Lower Ordovician Carbonate Rock of Tazhong Areas in Tarim
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摘要: 塔里木盆地塔中地区下奥陶统鹰山组是一套由喀斯特改造的碳酸盐岩储层，其储集空间主要为裂缝或与裂缝相关的溶蚀孔洞，岩石基质孔隙很低.这些储集空间主要是由多期表生溶蚀作用与后期上升型溶蚀作用叠加改造的结果，因此储层结构复杂、非均质性强.针对这类储层的发育特点，从储层地质静态描述的角度，按系统论思想，明确了“孔洞-裂缝储集系统”的科学内涵，提出了以缝洞储集单元为核心的解剖思路和方法，并以多种地球物理方法包括叠前裂缝预测技术、碳酸盐岩古地貌分析技术、地震-测井联合波阻抗反演技术以及三维地震属性提取及雕刻等所揭示的信息为基础，综合考虑储层发育的构造及其水文地质边界条件，对缝洞储集单元进行了划分.在此基础上，结合钻井岩心及测井分析获得储集空间类型、结构及其成因信息，将该区缝洞储集单元划分为表生岩溶型、热液岩溶型和裂缝型3种成因类型，明确了部分储集单元的成因属性.
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关键词:
- 塔中地区 /
- 岩溶孔洞-裂缝储集系统 /
- 缝洞储集单元 /
- 地球物理 /
- 石油
Abstract: The Yingshan Formation of Middle-Lower Ordovician in Tazhong uplift in Tarim is an important fracture and karst-modified carbonate reservoir. Main pore types in this reservoir include fractures, vug and caves, which mainly resulted from multi-stage epigenetic dissolution and post-stage hypogenetic excavation. The reservoir architectural systems are of extreme heterogeneity and significant compartmentalization. This study presents an architectural hierarchy for the reservoirs not controlled by facices according to the system theory. On the basis of integrated information revealed by a variety of methods, such as geophysical methods including prestack fracture prediction technology, paleo-geomorphological analysis technology, seismic-logging wave impedance inversion technology, three-dimensional seismic attribute extraction technology, and well-logging explanation, core observation etc, the four types of reservoir units including fracture-dominated, vug-dominated, cave-dominated and complex can be identified and mapped in this area, these reservoir architectural units genetically formed in epigenetic and hydrothermal karst modification, fracturing. Moreover, the genesis of some reservoir units are studied in detail. -
图 1 岩溶孔洞－裂缝储集系统研究方法流程
Fig. 1. Flow chart of research for karstic fracture-vug reservoir system
图 2 塔中(Zg6井)奥陶系发育的上奥陶统良里塔格组和中-下奥陶统二套产层
Fig. 2. The Lianglitage and Yingshan oil producers of Ordovician in Tazhong uplift
图 3 塔中地区奥陶系岩溶孔洞-裂缝储集系统剖面
Fig. 3. Karstic fracture-vug reservoir system division of Ordovician in Tazhong uplift
图 4 塔中下奥陶统鹰山组缝洞储集单元分布
Fig. 4. Fractured-vug reservoir unit distribution of Yingshan Fromation in Tazhong uplift
图 5 Zg10井和Zg21井鹰山组中的串珠状和羊排状反射特征
Fig. 5. 'Pinch-and-swell' and 'muttonchop' form seismic reflector in Yingshan Formation at well Zg10 and well Zg21
图 6 Tz721、Tz84井鹰山组中岩心、FMI图像反映的孔洞型储层
Fig. 6. Dissolution vug of Yingshan Formation display form core and borehole image log of well Tz84 and well Tz721
图 7 塔中下奥陶统鹰山组风化壳多属性融合储层综合预测
Fig. 7. Reservoir distribution predicted by multi-attributes amalgamation in Yingshan Formation
图 8 采用不同方法预测的裂缝分布
a.叠后本征值相干算法预测的Zg162-Zg10井区裂缝图；b.叠后负值曲率预测的Zg162-Zg10井区裂缝图；c.叠前频率衰减属性预测的Tz49井区的裂缝图；d.为应变量分析预测的塔中中西部裂缝图
Fig. 8. Fracture distribution predicted from different methods
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