Ichnofabrics and Their Sedimentary Environments from the Lower Part of the Middle Cambrian Zhangxia Formation, Longmen Area, Luoyang City
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摘要: 洛阳龙门地区中寒武统张夏组为一套富含生物扰动的薄层微晶灰岩和厚层鲕粒灰岩沉积，根据沉积学和遗迹学特征，从中识别出6个遗迹组构，从下到上依次是：潮下低能碳酸盐岩台地中的Planolites montanus遗迹组构，潮下浅水较高能碳酸盐岩台地中的Palaeophycus tubularis-Thalassinoides horizontalis遗迹组构，高、低能交替的滨岸浅滩或开阔台地滩间坪或滩前沉积中的Skolithos linearis-Planolites montanus遗迹组构，深水低能开阔台地沉积中的模糊生物扰动遗迹组构，高能鲕粒浅滩中的Macaronichnus segregatis遗迹组构和潮下低能局限台地环境中的Palaeophycus heberti遗迹组构.龙门地区张夏组由无鲕粒滩的碳酸盐岩台地逐渐向发育厚层鲕粒滩的碳酸盐岩台地演化，沉积环境从滨岸浅滩逐渐演变为无鲕粒滩的开阔台地，并随着海退由深水、开阔台地逐渐变浅形成鲕粒滩、局限台地.Abstract: The Zhangxia Formation in the Longmen area, Luoyang City, was a set of deposited thin-bedded microcrystalline limestone and thick-bedded oolitic limestone, with abundant bioturbation. Based on sedimentology and ichnology characteristics, six ichnofabrics were determined, namely from the bottom up, Planolites montanus ichnofabric in low energy, subtidal carbonate platform; Palaeophycus tubularis-Thalassinoides horizontalis ichnofabric in shallow, medium energy, subtidal carbonate platform; Skolithos linearis-Planolites montanus ichnofabric in onshore oolitic shoals, inter flat and fore shoals of oolitic platform with alternation of high and low energy; blurry bioturbation ichnofabric in deeper water, lower energy of open platform; Macaronichnus segregatis ichnofabric in oolitic shoals with high energy and Palaeophycus heberti ichnofabric in subtidal restricted platform with low energy. Zhangxia Formation in Longmen area developed from carbonate platform without oolitic shoals to with oolitic shoals. The sedimentary environment evolved from onshore oolitic shoals to open platform without oolitic shoals, and finally ended up with platform oolitic shoals and restricted platform with the regression.
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Key words:
- ichnofabric /
- bioturbation /
- carbonate rock /
- Middle Cambrian /
- Zhangxia Formation /
- sedimentology /
- stratigraphy
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图 1 洛阳龙门地区的地理位置与地质特征
Fig. 1. Geographic location and geological map of Longmen area, Luoyang city
图 2 Planolites montanus遗迹组构野外照片(a、b、c为平面照片; d为剖面照片)
Fig. 2. Field photographs of Planolites montanus ichnofabric
图 3 Palaeophycus tubularis-Thalassinoides horizontalis遗迹组构的野外照片
a, b, c均为剖面照片, 分别展示了遗迹组构扰动指数BI=1、2、3；d, e, f为平面照片；Sk. Skolithos linearis; Ar. Arenicolites isp.; Bi.无法识别的生物扰动; T.h. Thalassinoides horizontalis；P.t. Palaeophycus tubularis; Th. Thalassinoides isp.
Fig. 3. Field photographs of Palaeophycus tubularis-Thalassinoides horizontalis ichnofabric
图 4 Skolithos linearis-Planolites montanus遗迹组构的野外照片
a.微晶灰岩层面上的Planolites montanus(Pl); b.鲕粒灰岩层面上的生物碎屑(软舌螺); c.剖面中的Skolithos linearis(Sk)
Fig. 4. Field photographs of Skolithos linearis-Planolites montanus ichnofabric
图 5 模糊生物扰动遗迹组构扰动等级野外照片(a、b、c、d为垂直剖面照片)
Fig. 5. Field photographs of bioturbation index (BI) of blurry bioturbation ichnofabric
图 6 Macaronichnus segregatis遗迹组构的野外照片
a.平面上M. segregatis呈水平管状、有叠覆现象(椭圆标记)；b.垂直剖面上M. segregatis呈点状分布
Fig. 6. Field photographs of Macaronichnus segregatis ichnofabric
图 7 Palaeophycus heberti遗迹组构的野外照片(a, b, c, e均为垂直剖面照片；d为水平层面照片)
Fig. 7. Field photographs of Palaeophycus heberti ichnofabric
图 8 洛阳龙门地区中寒武统张夏组遗迹组构和沉积环境演化
遗迹属种：1.Palaeophycus tubularis；2.Skolithos linearis；3.Arenicolites isp.；4.Planolites montanus；5.Thalassinoides bacae；6.Thalassinoides horizontalis；7.Macaronichnus segregatis；8.Palaeophycus heberti；遗迹组构及生物扰动指数见前文描述.沉积环境：a.滨岸浅滩；b.局限台地；c.台地浅滩；d.浅滩滩前；e.开阔台地；A.平均浪基面；B.潮下带低能较深水区；C.无镶边碳酸盐岩台地较浅水区；D.平均风暴面
Fig. 8. Detailed ichnofabrics and sedimentary environment of the Middle Cambrian Zhangxia Formation in Longmen area, Luoyang City
图 9 洛阳龙门地区张夏组底部(Ⅰ段)沉积环境和遗迹组构分布模式
Fig. 9. Distribution diagram of sedimentary environments and ichnofabrics in the bottom of the Zhangxia Formation (Ⅰsection), Longmen area, Luoyang city
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