Distribution Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Jurassic-Cretaceous in the Front of West Kunlun Mountains
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摘要: 中生界侏罗-白垩系在西昆仑山北缘大量出露，但是山前覆盖区钻井揭示其分布较为有限且不连续.通过大量野外地质调查，厘定了西昆仑山前侏罗-白垩系与上、下地层的接触关系，认为研究区的侏罗-白垩系与下伏地层为角度不整合接触，与上覆新生代为平行不整合接触，内部为整合或平行不整合接触，与邻区有明显的区别.确定了侏罗-白垩系在地球物理资料中的识别标准，并通过大量的地球物理和钻井资料的标定、解释，圈定了侏罗-白垩系的分布范围，总结了其厚度变化趋势；认为三叠纪末挤压变形残留的古地形对侏罗-白垩系的分布起到了控制作用，新近纪以来的挤压变形则对侏罗-白垩系的分布起到改造作用.研究成果对解剖西昆仑山前的中、新生代的演化历史，指导该地区的油气勘探具有重要参考价值.Abstract: Jurassic-Cretaceous strata are widespread in outcrops of northern margin of West Kunlun Mountains. However, drilling data indicate that they are sparsely and discontinuously distributed in the foreland overlaid regions. To determine the contact relations between the Jurassic-Cretaceous and overlaying and underlying strata, and their distribution and thickness variation, new data of field geologic investigation and interpretation of seismic profiles are presented, which suggest that the Jurassic-Cretaceous strata overlay the beneath sequences in an angular unconformity and contact with the overlaying sediments in a parallel unconformity, while within the Jurassic-Cretaceous sequence they contact with each other in conformity or parallel unconformity. These contact relations show totally different features compared to those of adjacent regions. Based on these contact relations, we establish structural interpretation models. The structural interpretation of seismic profiles and subsequent strata distribution and thickness variation indicate that compression event in End Triassic and its remnant paleo-tectonotopography has controlled occurrence and thickness of Jurassic-Cretaceous strata, while compression since Neogene has reconstructed their distribution and thickness patterns. The study results provide significant constraints for the Mesozoic-Cenozoic evolution of piedmont fold and thrust belt in the front of West Kunlun Mountains and petroleum exploration in this region.
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图 1 西昆仑山前露头和钻井揭示的侏罗-白垩系分布及其厚度
露头数据根据新疆大学野外剖面实测资料(据塔里木盆地西南坳陷喀什凹陷南部石油地质综合研究总结报告, 2001, 内部资料)和中国石油勘探开发研究院杭州石油地质研究所野外剖面实测资料(据塔里木盆地塔西南坳陷白垩系、第三系沉积建造与储层研究, 2002, 内部资料)计算得到，钻井数据来自于塔里木油田钻井分层资料
Fig. 1. Distribution of Jurassic-Cretaceous stratigraphic thickness indicated by drilling and outcrops of the front of West Kunlun Mountains
图 2 干加特地区侏罗系、白垩系不整合在下伏上古生界不同层系之上(根据新疆维吾尔自治区地质矿产局，1∶20万地质图克孜勒苏幅修编，1989)
Fig. 2. Jurassic-Cretaceous unconformably overlying on the various series of the Upper Paleozoic in Ganjiate area
图 3 七美干地区侏罗系、白垩系不整合在早期变形之上
Fig. 3. Jurassic-Cretaceous unconformably overlying on the early thrust system in Qimeigan area
图 4 同由路克剖面J3k和K1kz以及K2t和E1a间都为平行不整合接触
Fig. 4. Parallel unconformity the Upper Jurassic and the Lower Cretaceous, parallel unconformity the Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene in Tongyouluke area
图 5 地震剖面上识别中生界
Fig. 5. Identification features of Jurassic-Cretaceous in seismic profile
图 6 塔西南坳陷侏罗系(a)、下白垩统(b)和上白垩统(c)的残余厚度分布
Fig. 6. Map of residual thickness of Jurassic (a), Lower Cretaceous (b) and Upper Cretaceous (c) in the southwestern Tarim basin
图 7 西昆仑山前侏罗-白垩系沉积模式
a.晚白垩世存在强烈冲断的沉积模式；b.苏盖特地区的沉积模式；c.和什拉甫地区的沉积模式
Fig. 7. Deposition models of Jurassic-Cretaceous in the front of West Kunlun Mountains
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