Neo-Tethys Mineralization on the Southern Margin of the Gangdise Metallogenic Belt, Tibet, China: Evidence from Re-Os Ages of Xiongcun Orebody No. Ⅰ
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摘要: 雄村矿集区是近年来西藏冈底斯成矿带内发现的一处超大型铜金矿集区, 该矿集区位于冈底斯造山带中段南缘, 其南侧紧邻日喀则弧前盆地.最新的勘探资料表明, 雄村矿集区由Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ号斑岩型铜金矿体组成.本文以雄村Ⅰ号矿体为研究对象, 获得Ⅰ号矿体中4件辉钼矿样品的Re-Os模式年龄范围非常一致, 其变化范围为160.1±2.3~163.4±2.3 Ma, 等时线年龄为161±11 Ma(MSWD=4.2), 误差较大, 而平均模式年龄161.5±2.7 Ma(MSWD=2.0), 误差较小.因此, 雄村Ⅰ号矿体的形成时代为160.1±2.3~163.4±2.3 Ma, 最有可能的形成年龄应为161.5±2.7 Ma, 该年龄代表了雄村Ⅰ号矿体的成矿年龄, 这与前人获得的含矿斑岩(含眼球状石英斑晶的角闪石英闪长玢岩)的锆石U-Pb年龄(164.3±1.9 Ma)基本吻合, 表明矿床形成于中侏罗世.同时, 雄村Ⅰ号矿体的含矿斑岩体和赋矿火山岩具有与岛弧火成岩类似的地球化学特征, 如相对富集LREE、LILE, 亏损HREE、HFS, 缺少或微弱负Eu异常.综合来看, 雄村Ⅰ号矿体形成于新特提斯洋俯冲期(>65 Ma), 产出的构造背景为新特提斯洋向北俯冲形成的岛弧环境, 属岛弧型斑岩铜金矿床.Abstract: Xiongcun metallogenic district, one of the large-size metallogenic areas discovered along Gangdise metallogenic belt, is located in the middle of the southern margin of Gangdise orogenic belt. Its south margin is Shigatse forearc basin. The latest exploration data indicate that Xiongcun metallogenic district is composed of No. Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ porphyry copper-gold orebodies. In this paper, Xiongcun orebody No.Ⅰ is taken as the research subject. The Re-Os model ages of molybdenit (4 samples) from Xiongcun orebody No.Ⅰ are similar, ranging from 160.1±2.3 Ma to 163.4±2.3 Ma; its isochron age is 161±11 Ma (MSWD=4.2) and error is big; its weight average age is 161.5±2.7 Ma (MSWD=2.0) and error is small. So ore forming age of Xiongcun orebody No. Ⅰ is (160.1±2.3)-(163.4±2.3) Ma and the most probability is 161.5±2.7 Ma. This age is similar to zircon U-Pb age (164.3±1.9 Ma) of mineralization porphyry (hornblende quartz diorite porphyry with big quartz eyes), so the ore forming age of Xiongcun orebody No.Ⅰ is Middle Jurassic. In addition, mineralized porphyry and tuff show geochemical characteristics similar to those of volcanic rocks in an arc or active continental margin, such as relative enrichment of LREE and LILE, depletion of HFEE, HFS and Eu anomalies. We conclude that northward subduction of Neo-Tethys resulted in mineralization of the Xiongcun orebody No.Ⅰ in the Middle Jurassic; the tectonic setting is the island-arc environment. The deposit type of Xiongcun orebody No.Ⅰ is island arc type porphyry copper-gold deposit.
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Key words:
- Re-Os dating /
- molybdenite /
- porphyry /
- mineralization /
- Tibet /
- Neo-Tethys Ocean
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图 1 雄村Ⅰ号矿区地质图(据Oliver, 2006；唐菊兴等, 2006修编)
1.全新统冲积物-崩积物；2.中-下侏罗统雄村组；3.早-中侏罗世角闪石英闪长玢岩；4.中-晚侏罗世含眼球状石英斑晶的角闪石英闪长玢岩；5.晚侏罗世石英闪长玢岩；6.斜长闪长玢岩；7.始新世黑云母花岗闪长岩；8.始新世花岗细晶岩脉；9.逆冲断层；10.平移断层；11.产状或性质不明断层；12.雄村Ⅰ号矿体范围；13.钻孔位置；14.勘探线及编号；15.采样位置及编号；16.雄村矿集区位置；17.剖面位置；JS.金沙江缝合带；BNS.班公湖-怒江缝合带；IYS.印度河-雅鲁藏布江缝合带；MBT.主边界逆冲断裂
Fig. 1. Geological map of Xiongcun orebody No.Ⅰ
图 2 雄村Ⅰ号矿体含矿斑岩的手标本及偏光显微镜下照片
a.含眼球状石英斑晶的角闪石英闪长玢岩(钻孔ZK5013，277.4 m)；b.红柱石次生石英岩化含眼球状石英斑晶的角闪石英闪长玢岩，眼球状石英团斑(图中部，灰白色粒状)，含少许填间状的金属硫化物(ZK6075，179.9 m，D=8.0，正交偏光)；Quartz Eyes.石英斑晶(眼球状石英)
Fig. 2. Photos of mineralized porphyry hand specimen and polarizing microscope from Xiongcun orebody No.Ⅰ
图 3 雄村1号矿区I-I'地质剖面图(据郎兴海等，2011修改)
Fig. 3. I-I'geological profile in the Xiongcun orebody No.Ⅰ
图 4 雄村Ⅰ号矿体中辉钼矿Re-Os等时线年龄和模式年龄加权平均值
Fig. 4. Re-Os isochrones age and weight average age of molybdenite from Xiongcun orebody No.Ⅰ
表 1 雄村Ⅰ号矿体中辉钼矿Re-Os同位素数据
Table 1. Re-Os isotopic datum of molybdenite from Xiongcun orebody No. Ⅰ
原样名 样重(g) Re(ng/g) C普Os(ng/g) 187Re(ng/g) 187Os(ng/g) 模式年龄(Ma) 测定值 不确定度 测定值 不确定度 测定值 不确定度 测定值 不确定度 测定值 不确定度 X-I 0.000 46 12 181 839 106 273 2.392 4.304 7 656 529 66 796 20 483 165 160.4 2.3 X5023-8 0.000 49 5 077 145 42 908 2.713 1.664 3 191 087 26 969 8 522 73 160.1 2.3 X5024-2 0.000 1 5 276 867 42 955 2.663 4.222 3 316 617 26 999 9 040 78 163.4 2.3 X5028-3 0.001 14 9 760 974 137 051 1.455 1.496 6 134 968 86 144 16 677 133 162.9 2.9 注：测试单位，国家地质实验测试中心Re-Os同位素实验室；测试人，屈文俊. 
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