Characteristics of Water-Carbon Regime of Banzhai Karst Subterranean Stream System Covered by Virgin Forest in Soil Shortage Environment
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摘要: 利用水文水化学自动记录仪, 对缺土的板寨原始森林区岩溶地下河系统径流排泄点进行了3个水文年(2007-01—2010-06)的自动监测, 运用水均衡计算、岩溶水流量衰减分析和H、O稳定同位素等方法, 对该地下河系统径流排泄点的水—碳动态进行了研究.结果表明: (1)原始森林的蒸散发异常强烈, 入渗系数低, 地下河产流少; (2)在缺乏土壤盖层的条件下, 即使是原始森林, 其水文(Q)、水化学(HCO3-浓度)调控能力仍然有限, 因而岩溶作用强度和碳汇能力较低.这些特征反映出土壤在水资源和碳循环调控中的重要作用.Abstract: Three hydrological years' automatic monitoring (from January, 2007 to June, 2010) was made in the discharge area of karst subterranean stream system covered by virgin forest in soil shortage environment with hydro-chemical auto-recordable instrument. In order to study the characteristics of water-carbon regime of discharge from this subterranean stream system, the methods of water balance calculation, karst water discharge recession analysis and H, O stable isotope analysis were used. The results show that: firstly, the evapotranspiration of virgin forest is unexpectedly high, indicated by low infiltration coefficient and low subterranean river runoff generation; secondly, under the conditions of shortage of soil cover, virgin forest has only moderate ability of regulation and control of hydrological (Q) and hydrochemical (HCO3- concentration) processes, which results in the karstification intensity and the relevant carbon sink capacity decrease. These characteristics reflect that soil plays important roles in the regulation and control of water resources and carbon cycle.
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图 1 板寨岩溶地下河系统水文地质图
1.洼地边界；2.落水洞；3.岩溶泉；4.地下水流向；5.岩层产状；6.断层；7.地下河(实线为实测，虚线为推测)
Fig. 1. Sketch hydrogeological map of Banzhai Karst Subterranean Stream
图 2 板寨岩溶地下河系统土地利用分布情况
Fig. 2. Sketch land use map of Banzhai karst subterranean stream system
图 3 板寨地下河出口复合堰前视
Fig. 3. The front view of the compound weir of Banzhai subterranean river
图 4 板寨岩溶地下河系统水文水化学季节变化
Fig. 4. Seasonal hydrochemical variations of Banzhai karst subterranean stream system
图 5 板寨岩溶地下河系统2008年11月~2008年12月水文水化学过程线
Fig. 5. Hydro-chemical graph of Banzhai karst subterranean stream during Nov-Dec, 2008
图 6 板寨岩溶地下河2008年流量衰减曲线
Fig. 6. Graphs of discharge regression of Banzhai karst subterranean stream in 2008
图 7 板寨岩溶地下河水与当地大气降水O-D同位素关系
Fig. 7. O-D isotopes of Banzhai karst water and local precipitation
表 1 板寨岩溶地下河系统岩溶水水文及物理化学参数统计
Table 1. Statistics on the hydrological and physicochemical parameters of Banzhai karst subterranean stream
统计项目 统计样本个数 max min 平均值 标准偏差 变异系数 流量(L/s) 70174 13334.24 3.00 180.93 881.47 4.87 水温(℃) 57102 19.44 15.94 18.36 0.62 0.03 pH值 57102 9.16 7.22 7.70 0.22 0.03 [HCO3-](mg/L) 57102 369.25 141.00 218.89 21.17 0.10 SIC 57102 1.72 -0.37 0.34 0.21 - PCO2(Pa) 57102 1361.44 10.79 441.93 240.80 0.54 岩溶碳汇强度(tCO2·km-2·a-1) 57102 1426.45 0.36 25.28 102.08 4.04 注：统计时段为2008—2009年，这2年的降水总量为3 478mm，年平均降水量为1 739mm. 
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表 2 板寨岩溶地下河系统排泄流量衰减特征值
Table 2. Characteristic values of discharge regression of Banzhai karst subterranean stream
亚动态 衰减系数(1/15min) 15min衰减率(%) 流量平均衰减速度(L/15min) 相应岩溶水储存量(m3) 亚储存量所占比例(%) 1 0.02353 2.38 50.8346 303754.78 66.28 2 0.001452 0.16 0.1166 118052.85 25.76 3 0.000414 0.04 0.0016 36473.43 7.96
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