Biogeochemical Characteristics and Its Environmental Significance of Heavy Metals in the Sargassum Cells in Daya Bay, China
-
摘要: 为了全面理解大亚湾海域环境典型重金属污染水平以及潜在的生态危害, 以海水-沉积物-马尾藻为系统研究对象, 分析重金属污染元素Cu、Pb、As在大亚湾表层沉积物、海水、马尾藻以及细胞超微结构中的地球化学和生物地球化学特征, 结果表明, 沉积物和海水中Cu、Pb、As的平均含量均未超过国家一类质量标准, 部分站位因外源输入含量较高.生物富集系数表明, 马尾藻对重金属吸收大小顺序为As＞Pb＞Cu, 且表现出对砷较强的富集吸收能力.透射电子显微镜下, 大亚湾重金属元素生物地球化学效应主要表现为马尾藻细胞超微结构异常和变形, 并出现大量黑色电子致高密度体.能谱分析表明, Cu、Pb、As等重金属元素以电子致高密度体的形式淀积在马尾藻细胞的内部组织结构中, 对细胞超微结构有损伤诱变作用, 为大亚湾生态环境提供早期预警信号.Abstract: In order to make a comprehensive analysis of the heavy metals pollution and potential ecological risk in Daya bay, China, this paper focuses on seawater-sediment-Sargassum system as research object and analyzes the geochemical and biogeochemical characteristics for Cu, Pb and As in the seawater, surface sediment, Sargassum and cells of Sargassum. The results show that the concentrations of Cu, Pb and As are lower than the values of grade Ⅰ national standards for sediment, but some are of high-value in some sampling sites because of the source of input. The biological absorption coefficients indicate that the accumulation ability of heavy metals for Sargassum is arranged from high to low, as follows: As > Pb > Cu and Sargassum exhibits high abilities of accumulation of As. The study of the ultrastructure using transmission electron microscope reveals that the cell structures of Sargassum are anomalous and aberrant and there are lots of relatively high electron-density substances diffuse in the cells. The energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis shows that Cu, Pb and As in the form of comparatively high electron-density substance diffuse in the cell structures induce irreversible damage to the cell. The results provide the forepart warning information for ecological environment of Daya bay.
-
Key words:
- biogeochemistry /
- heavy metals /
- Sargassum /
- Daya bay
-
图 2 透射电镜下大亚湾马尾藻细胞超微结构特征(A、B、C区为黑色电子密度体物质)
Fig. 2. Characteristics of the ultrastructure of the Sargassum cell by transmission electron microscope
图 3 马尾藻细胞超微结构微区成分能谱分析
Fig. 3. Chemical analysis of the ultrastructure of the Sargassum cell by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
表 1 标准物质的测定值与标准值(mg/kg)
Table 1. Values of determination and standard for reference materials
标准物质 测定值与标准值 Cu Pb As GBW07314 测试值 34.10 25.60 10.70 GBW07314 标准值 31±4 25±4 10.3±1.2 GBW07315 测试值 330.00 33.40 7.50 GBW07315 标准值 357±20 37±4 7.1±0.6 GBW07316 测试值 220.00 19.50 5.00 GBW07316 标准值 231±10 22±5 4.6±0.5 GBW08517 测试值 5.28 1.47 14.81 GBW08517 标准值 5.01±0.32 1.41±0.12 13.9±2.4 GBW08571 测试值 7.23 1.99 6.27 GBW08571 标准值 7.7±0.9 1.96±0.09 6.1±1.1 GBW010016 测试值 19.46 1.61 0.10 GBW010016 标准值 18.6±0.7 1.5±0.2 0.09±0.01 GBW080040(μg/kg) 测试值 5.26 10.60 3.56 GBW080040(μg/kg) 标准值 5.0±0.4 10.0±0.6 - 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 大亚湾表层沉积物、海水、马尾藻中重金属Cu、Pb、As含量
Table 2. Contents of Cu, Pb, As in surface sediment, seawater and Sargassum in Daya bay, China
研究对象 取值 Cu Pb As 沉积物 变化范围(mg/kg) 5.50~53.16 24.15~47.04 4.36~14.05 沉积物 平均值(mg/kg) 19.44±8.42 33.99±7.09 9.85±2.13 沉积物 国家沉积物一类标准(mg/kg) 35 60 20 沉积物 1988年(mg/kg) 18.00 40.40 8.90(郑庆华等, 1992) 沉积物 1999年(mg/kg) 11.00 34.50 5.94(李学杰, 2003) 沉积物 全国海岸带背景值(mg/kg) 30 25 15 海水, 表层水 变化范围(μg/kg) 1.51~3.55 0.36~1.33 1.36~2.72 海水, 表层水 平均值(μg/kg) 2.47±0.36 0.72±0.04 2.10±0.27 海水, 底层水 变化范围(μg/kg) 2.19~5.55 0.25~0.64 2.35~3.99 海水, 底层水 平均值(μg/kg) 3.11±0.35 0.46±0.05 2.88±0.37 海水 国家海水一级标准(μg/kg) ≤5 ≤1 ≤20 马尾藻 变化范围(mg/kg) 3.06~4.81 2.36~18.41 50.16~261.73 马尾藻 平均值(mg/kg) 3.94±1.12 7.74±4.10 122.29±32.60 注: 参照国家海水水质标准UCD 551463, GB 3097-1997和海洋沉积物质量标准GB18668-2002.
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] Akagi, T., Fuwa, K., Haraguchi, H., 1985. Simultaneous multi-element determination of trace metals in sea water by inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry after coprecipitation with gallium. Analytica Chimica Acta, 177: 139-151. doi: 10.1016/S0003-2670(00)88444-5 [2] Chen, T., Yu, K., Li, S., et al., 2010. Heavy metal pollution recorded in Porites corals from Daya bay, northern South China Sea. Marine Environmental Research, 70(3-4): 318-326. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2010.06.004 [3] Li, X.J., 2003. Distribution of heavy metals in substrate of the Daya bay, Guangdong and assessment of the quality of the seafloor environment. Geology of China, 30(4): 429-435 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-DIZI200304018.htm [4] Li, Y., Wang, H.X., Wu, Y.S., 1992. Effects of cadmium and iron on the some phy-siological indicators in leaves of tobacco. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 12(2): 147-154 (in Chinese with English abstract). [5] Peng, M., Wang, H.X., Wu, Y.S., 1991. Ultrastructural changes induced by cadmium and lead in corn seedling cell. China Environmental Science, 11(6): 426-431 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=CN9284819 [6] Poulter, A., Collin, H.A., Thurman, D.A., et al., 1985. The role of cell wall in the mechanism of lead and zinc to1erance in Anthoxonthum odoratum L. Plant Science, 42(1): 61-66. doi: 10.1016/0168-9452(85)90029-9 [7] Waldichuk, M., 1985. Biological availability of metal to marine organisms. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 16(1): 7-11. doi: 10.1016/0025-326X(88)90596-6 [8] Wang, Y., Lou, Z., Sun, C., et al., 2008b. Ecological environment changes in Daya bay, China, from 1982 to 2004. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 56(11): 1871-1879. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.07.017 [9] Wang, Y.S., Wang, Z, D., Huang, L.M., 2004. Environment changes and trends in Daya bay in recent 20 years. Journal of Tropical Oceanography, 23(5): 85-95 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-RDHY200405012.htm [10] Wang, Z.D., Lian, J.S., Hu, J.X., et al., 2003. Characteristic of degraded ecosystem in Daya bay China. Ecologic Science, 22(4): 313-320 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-STKX200304006.htm [11] Wang, Z., Yan, W., Chi, J., et al., 2008a. Spatial and vertical distribution of organochlorine pesticides in sediments from Daya bay, South China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 56(9): 1578-1585. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.05.019 [12] Yang, D.H., 1991. The effects of heavy metals on the structure and function of photosynthetic membranes in higher plants. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 8(3): 26-29 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZWXT199103003.htm [13] Yu, X., Yan, Y., Wang, W., 2010. The distribution and speciation of trace metals in surface sediments from the Pearl River Estuary and the Daya bay, southern China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 60(8): 1364-1371. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.05.012 [14] Zhang, Y.X., 1997. Toxicity of heavy metals to Hordeum Vulgare. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 17(2): 199-205 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-HJXX702.011.htm [15] Zheng, Q.H., Liang, Z.Q., He, Y.Q., et al., 1992. Geochemical behabiour of the pollutants in surface sediments of Daya bay. Tropic Oceanology, 11(1): 65-71 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-RDHY199201009.htm [16] 李学杰, 2003. 广东大亚湾底质重金属分布特征与环境质量评价. 中国地质, 30(4): 429-435. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3657.2003.04.018 [17] 李元, 王焕校, 吴玉树, 1992. Cd、Fe及其复合污染对烟草叶片几项生理指标的影响. 生态学报, 12(2): 147-154. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.1992.02.001 [18] 彭鸣, 王焕校, 吴玉树, 1991. 镉铅诱导的玉米幼苗细胞超微结构的变化镉对烟草光合特性的影响. 中国环境科学, 11(6): 426-431. [19] 王友绍, 王肇鼎, 黄良民, 2004. 近20年来大亚湾生态环境的变化及其发展趋势. 热带海洋学报, 23(5): 85-95. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-5470.2004.05.012 [20] 王肇鼎, 练健生, 胡建兴, 等, 2003. 大亚湾生态环境的退化现状与特征. 生态科学, 22(4): 313-320. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-8873.2003.04.006 [21] 杨丹慧, 1991. 重金属离子对高等植物光合膜结构与功能的影响. 植物学通报, 8(3): 26-29. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZWXT199103003.htm [22] 张义贤, 1997. 重金属对大麦(Hordeum vulgare)毒性的研究. 环境科学学报, 17(2): 199-205. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-2468.1997.02.012 [23] 郑庆华, 梁自强, 何悦强, 等, 1992. 大亚湾表层沉积物中污染物质的地球化学行为研究. 热带海洋, 11(1): 65-71. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-RDHY199201009.htm -
点击查看大图
图(3) / 表(2)
计量
- 文章访问数: 3172
- HTML全文浏览量: 145
- PDF下载量: 89
- 被引次数: 0
