LA-ICPMS U-Pb Dating of Zircons from Tuffs of the Upper Permian-Middle Triassic in Youjiang Basin, Guangxi Province and Its Geological Significance
-
摘要: 右江盆地上二叠统-中三叠统地层中常含有多层凝灰岩, 对采自广西河池九圩及田林利周罗楼组和百逢组底部的4件凝灰岩样品进行锆石原位LA-ICPMS方法U-Pb同位素定年, 结果显示凝灰岩的形成年龄分别为252.8±1.8 Ma、253.0±2.4 Ma、247.2±1.5 Ma和239.3±2.7 Ma, 指示晚二叠世末期到中三叠世Bithynian期华南地块西南缘存在多期火山活动, 其可能与华南西南缘陆块的裂解与汇聚有关.凝灰岩中继承或捕虏锆石年龄(260~270 Ma)记录了中晚二叠世峨眉山大火成岩省岩浆活动或华南西南缘岛弧火山活动事件.凝灰岩的岩相学研究表明, 中三叠世特别是Bithynian期之后右江盆地由伸展型向挤压型转换, 盆地进入快速坳陷期.Abstract: Upper Permian-Middle Triassic sections in Youjiang basin contain many volcanic tuff horizons. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of 4 volcanic tuff samples from the bottom of the Luolou and Baifeng formations in the Jiuxu and Lizhou areas, Guangxi Province, yield the depositional ages of 252.8±1.8, 253.0±2.4, 247.2±1.5 and 239.3±2.7 Ma, respectively, which, together with the inherited or xenocrystal zircon ages (with peak values of 264 and 267 Ma), indicate that episodical volcanism occurred during Middle Permian Gudalupian and Middle Triassic Bithynian in southwestern China. The appearance of the inherited zircon ages (260~270 Ma) from the volcanic tuffs around the Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB) indicate the volcanic events in South China may have caused the End-Permian extinction. The depositional age of 247.2±1.5 Ma from the volcanic tuff at the bottom of the Middle Triassic Baifeng Formation indicates it is more appropriate to place the Early to Middle Trissic boundary at 247.2 Ma. The petrographical study of the volcanic tuffs indicates the Youjiang basin expierenced the tectonic transition from extension to compression after Middle Triassic, and especially after Bithynian, which resulted in the great tectonic subsidence of the basin.
-
Key words:
- Youjiang basin /
- Upper Permian-Middle Triassic /
- tuff /
- zircon dating /
- geochronology /
- stratigraphy
-
图 1 右江盆地晚二叠世-中三叠世年代-岩石地层对比
注: 岩石地层划分据广西地质矿产局(1985)、贵州地质矿产局(1987)和Lehrmann et al.(2005);地层年代数据, 其中a据Ogg et al.(2008);b据Lehrmann et al.(2006);c据Galfetti et al.(2007);d据Mundil et al.(2004);e据郑连弟等(2010);f据Ovtcharova et al.(2006);g据本文
Fig. 1. Late Permian-Middle Triassic chronostratigraphic-lithostratigraphic unit correlation in Youjiang basin
图 2 早三叠世右江盆地岩相古地理(a)(据Lehrmann et al., 2007b)及华南二叠系-三叠系界线附近火山物质和粘土岩分布(b)(据殷鸿福等, 1989;Xie et al., 2010)
Fig. 2. Early paleogeographic map of the Youjiang basin and distribution of vocanic materials and clayrocks from Permian-Trissic boundery in South China
图 3 右江盆地不同地区上二叠-中三叠统地层柱状图及其对应层位凝灰岩锆石年龄
凤山金牙剖面据Ovtcharova et al.(2006)、Galfetti et al.(2007);罗甸关刀剖面据Lehrmann et al.(2005, 2006);崇左六叫剖面据Lehrmann et al.(2007a);1.页岩/泥岩;2.灰岩;3.钙质微生物岩;4.泥灰岩;5.砾屑灰岩;6.鲕粒灰岩;7.硅质结核灰岩;8.硅质结核状灰岩;9.白云岩;10.砾屑白云岩;11.硅质岩/硅质泥岩;12.砂岩;13.火山岩;14.凝灰岩;15.覆盖;16.不整合接触
Fig. 3. The sections showing the stratigraphic position of the vocanic tuff beds from different regions in Youjiang basin and samples with U-Pb ages
表 1 右江盆地上二叠统-中三叠统凝灰岩锆石U-Pb同位素组成
Table 1. Zircon U-Pb isotope data for Upper Permian-Middle Tirssic vocanic tuffs in Youjiang basin
分析点号 组成(μg/g) Th/U 同位素比值 年龄(Ma) 谐和度(%) Th U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 样品号:T1n-1 T1n-1-24 121.0 204 0.59 0.052 2 0.002 4 0.268 6 0.011 7 0.037 6 0.000 4 295 104 242 9 238 3 98 T1n-1-5 142.0 151 0.95 0.055 0 0.002 8 0.294 4 0.014 5 0.039 1 0.000 5 413 112 262 11 247 3 94 T1n-1-17 149.0 451 0.33 0.052 4 0.001 5 0.283 5 0.008 2 0.039 1 0.000 4 302 63 253 6 247 2 97 T1n-1-2 128.0 171 0.75 0.053 6 0.002 4 0.287 9 0.013 1 0.039 1 0.000 5 354 102 257 10 247 3 96 T1n-1-7 86.9 160 0.54 0.051 5 0.002 2 0.276 4 0.011 5 0.039 1 0.000 5 265 98 248 9 247 3 99 T1n-1-23 464.0 627 0.74 0.055 8 0.001 4 0.302 0 0.007 3 0.039 3 0.000 3 456 57 268 6 248 2 92 T1n-1-27 58.6 106 0.55 0.051 0 0.002 8 0.272 6 0.014 8 0.039 5 0.000 6 243 119 245 12 250 4 98 T1n-1-19 113.0 346 0.33 0.0505 0.001 7 0.275 9 0.009 6 0.039 6 0.000 4 217 47 247 8 250 2 98 T1n-1-16 224.0 282 0.79 0.051 1 0.001 9 0.279 1 0.010 2 0.039 6 0.000 4 243 81 250 8 250 2 99 T1n-1-25 226.0 352 0.64 0.049 2 0.001 6 0.268 6 0.008 5 0.039 7 0.000 3 167 78 242 7 251 2 96 T1n-1-18 140.0 287 0.49 0.047 0 0.001 5 0.258 0 0.008 1 0.039 8 0.000 4 50.1 77.8 233 7 252 2 92 T1n-1-12 217.0 268 0.81 0.055 2 0.002 2 0.304 7 0.011 9 0.040 0 0.000 4 420 89 270 9 253 2 93 T1n-1-28 135.0 367 0.37 0.051 7 0.001 8 0.285 6 0.009 8 0.040 1 0.000 5 276 78 255 8 254 3 99 T1n-1-10 233.0 894 0.26 0.054 6 0.001 4 0.303 7 0.008 0 0.040 2 0.000 3 394 53 269 6 254 2 94 T1n-1-15 96.3 151 0.64 0.050 9 0.002 4 0.281 2 0.013 5 0.040 3 0.000 5 235 111 252 11 254 3 98 T1n-1-3 129.0 315 0.41 0.052 7 0.001 9 0.295 0 0.010 7 0.040 4 0.000 4 317 81 262 8 255 2 97 T1n-1-9 452.0 1 562 0.29 0.053 4 0.001 0 0.299 6 0.005 5 0.040 5 0.000 3 346 41 266 4 256 2 96 T1n-1-34 87.2 217 0.40 0.053 3 0.002 0 0.296 5 0.011 0 0.040 5 0.000 5 339 92 264 9 256 3 97 T1n-1-26 585.0 1 180 0.50 0.050 7 0.001 0 0.283 6 0.005 6 0.040 5 0.000 3 233 42 254 4 256 2 98 T1n-1-36 281.0 1 536 0.18 0.051 6 0.000 9 0.291 7 0.005 5 0.040 8 0.000 3 333 38 260 4 258 2 99 T1n-1-1 173.0 199 0.87 0.055 1 0.002 2 0.309 4 0.012 0 0.041 0 0.000 5 413 89 274 9 259 3 94 T1n-1-4 126.0 523 0.24 0.051 6 0.001 4 0.294 7 0.007 5 0.041 4 0.000 3 333 61 262 6 261 2 99 T1n-1-32 185.0 526 0.35 0.051 3 0.001 5 0.293 7 0.008 5 0.041 6 0.000 4 257 67 261 7 263 3 99 T1n-1-20 185.0 754 0.25 0.050 1 0.001 2 0.289 6 0.007 0 0.041 9 0.000 4 198 54 258 5 265 3 97 T1n-1-8 171.0 568 0.30 0.054 9 0.001 4 0.317 9 0.008 3 0.041 9 0.000 3 406 59 280 6 265 2 94 T1n-1-37 119.0 310 0.38 0.053 4 0.001 9 0.310 6 0.011 4 0.042 1 0.000 4 346 84 275 9 266 3 96 T1n-1-33 161.0 216 0.75 0.051 7 0.002 4 0.297 7 0.013 1 0.042 1 0.000 5 333 106 265 10 266 3 99 T1n-1-13 187.0 762 0.25 0.051 3 0.001 3 0.299 6 0.008 0 0.042 3 0.000 4 254 64 266 6 267 3 99 T1n-1-35 123.0 157 0.78 0.056 2 0.003 0 0.327 6 0.016 2 0.042 5 0.000 6 461 119 288 12 269 4 93 样品号:T1n-2 T1n-2-1 168.0 247 0.68 0.055 1 0.002 1 0.293 7 0.011 0 0.038 8 0.000 4 417 85 261 9 246 3 93 T1n-2-11 117.0 311 0.37 0.055 5 0.001 8 0.295 8 0.008 8 0.039 0 0.000 5 432 68 263 7 247 3 93 T1n-2-29 87.9 147 0.60 0.051 3 0.002 7 0.273 9 0.013 3 0.039 2 0.000 5 254 120 246 11 248 3 99 T1n-2-5 112.0 203 0.55 0.052 9 0.001 9 0.285 8 0.010 8 0.039 2 0.000 5 324 114 255 9 248 3 97 T1n-2-6 632.0 941 0.67 0.052 7 0.001 2 0.285 6 0.006 8 0.039 3 0.000 3 322 52 255 5 248 2 97 T1n-2-24 204.0 445 0.46 0.056 7 0.002 1 0.308 4 0.011 4 0.039 3 0.000 4 483 81 273 9 249 2 90 T1n-2-14 153.0 219 0.70 0.052 8 0.002 3 0.289 5 0.013 4 0.039 6 0.000 5 320 98 258 11 250 3 96 T1n-2-8 314.0 497 0.63 0.049 9 0.001 3 0.274 3 0.007 1 0.039 9 0.000 3 191 63 246 6 252 2 97 T1n-2-19 713.0 886 0.80 0.052 8 0.001 2 0.290 2 0.006 3 0.039 9 0.000 4 320 54 259 5 252 2 97 T1n-2-12 1 733.0 1128 1.54 0.054 6 0.001 2 0.302 4 0.006 7 0.040 1 0.000 3 394 48 268 5 253 2 94 T1n-2-25 183.0 174 1.05 0.053 3 0.002 4 0.294 3 0.012 9 0.040 1 0.000 4 343 100 262 10 254 3 96 T1n-2-10 195.0 525 0.37 0.049 1 0.001 2 0.272 2 0.006 7 0.040 2 0.000 4 154 56 244 5 254 2 96 T1n-2-22 84.5 186 0.45 0.052 2 0.002 2 0.291 6 0.012 4 0.040 4 0.000 5 295 96 260 10 256 3 98 T1n-2-16 211.0 842 0.25 0.053 9 0.001 2 0.302 6 0.006 9 0.040 6 0.000 3 369 47 268 5 257 2 95 T1n-2-28 253.0 421 0.60 0.053 8 0.001 8 0.303 0 0.009 9 0.040 8 0.000 5 365 74 269 8 258 3 95 T1n-2-17 108.0 371 0.29 0.053 4 0.001 4 0.304 3 0.008 5 0.041 2 0.000 4 346 59 270 7 260 3 96 T1n-2-3 171.0 191 0.90 0.055 5 0.002 7 0.310 4 0.013 8 0.041 2 0.000 5 435 109 274 11 260 3 94 T1n-2-21 123.0 313 0.39 0.052 0 0.001 8 0.297 2 0.010 4 0.041 5 0.000 4 283 77 264 8 262 3 99 T1n-2-9 90.7 710 0.13 0.053 2 0.001 3 0.309 8 0.007 4 0.042 2 0.000 3 345 56 274 6 267 2 97 T1n-2-13 264.0 759 0.35 0.052 7 0.001 3 0.309 5 0.007 3 0.042 7 0.000 3 322 59 274 6 270 2 98 T1n-2-15 112.0 143 0.78 0.058 0 0.002 9 0.341 3 0.016 7 0.042 9 0.000 5 528 107 298 13 271 3 90 T1n-2-18 207.0 312 0.66 0.051 7 0.001 6 0.315 0 0.009 6 0.044 2 0.000 4 272 64 278 7 279 3 99 样品号:L2 L2-17 110.0 373 0.29 0.050 9 0.001 5 0.255 0 0.007 3 0.036 4 0.000 3 239 67 231 6 231 2 99 L2-11 298.0 412 0.72 0.052 1 0.001 3 0.264 8 0.007 1 0.036 6 0.000 4 300 57 239 6 232 2 97 L2-21 78.7 240 0.33 0.054 7 0.002 0 0.278 3 0.010 2 0.036 9 0.000 4 467 81 249 8 234 2 93 L2-15 125.0 440 0.28 0.050 9 0.001 5 0.258 5 0.007 5 0.036 9 0.000 4 239 67 233 6 234 2 99 L2-7 160.0 541 0.30 0.049 9 0.001 3 0.257 4 0.006 4 0.037 1 0.000 5 191 62 233 5 235 3 99 L2-18 110.0 376 0.29 0.053 0 0.001 5 0.273 2 0.007 8 0.037 6 0.000 4 328 67 245 6 238 2 96 L2-22 94.8 396 0.24 0.049 7 0.001 4 0.257 7 0.007 2 0.037 6 0.000 3 189 67 233 6 238 2 97 L2-25 113.0 476 0.24 0.050 1 0.001 4 0.261 8 0.007 5 0.037 8 0.000 4 211 31 236 6 239 2 98 L2-23 84.0 330 0.25 0.051 0 0.001 4 0.266 3 0.007 9 0.037 8 0.000 4 243 65 240 6 239 2 99 L2-19 105.0 340 0.31 0.051 1 0.001 7 0.264 8 0.008 3 0.037 8 0.000 4 256 76 239 7 239 3 99 L2-6 125.0 457 0.27 0.052 6 0.001 3 0.277 8 0.006 6 0.037 9 0.000 5 322 54 249 5 240 3 96 L2-4 114.0 366 0.31 0.055 8 0.001 4 0.294 6 0.007 5 0.038 0 0.000 5 443 56 262 6 240 3 91 L2-28 100.0 303 0.33 0.052 9 0.001 9 0.278 2 0.010 3 0.038 1 0.000 4 324 114 249 8 241 2 96 L2-14 110.0 411 0.27 0.051 6 0.001 9 0.275 0 0.011 3 0.038 5 0.000 4 333 81 247 9 244 2 98 L2-12 141.0 464 0.30 0.050 8 0.001 4 0.271 4 0.008 0 0.038 7 0.000 4 232 67 244 6 245 2 99 L2-13 173.0 494 0.35 0.051 4 0.001 2 0.275 6 0.006 9 0.038 9 0.000 3 257 56 247 5 246 2 99 L2-26 150.0 700 0.21 0.051 1 0.001 3 0.275 4 0.007 3 0.039 1 0.000 5 256 57 247 6 247 3 99 L2-10 126.0 294 0.43 0.052 4 0.001 7 0.285 1 0.009 4 0.039 2 0.000 4 306 72 255 7 248 3 97 L2-9 69.5 293 0.24 0.049 0 0.001 6 0.268 5 0.008 3 0.039 7 0.000 5 150 78 242 7 251 3 96 L2-27 95.6 417 0.23 0.052 6 0.001 4 0.300 4 0.008 7 0.041 4 0.000 6 322 61 267 7 262 4 98 L2-5 112.0 353 0.32 0.057 4 0.001 5 0.362 4 0.010 4 0.045 3 0.000 7 509 57 314 8 285 4 90 L2-24 168.0 179 0.94 0.054 8 0.001 8 0.502 8 0.016 7 0.066 6 0.000 8 467 72 414 11 416 5 99 L2-8 483.0 742 0.65 0.060 2 0.000 9 0.841 3 0.013 1 0.100 3 0.001 2 611 27 620 7 616 7 99 L2-20 105.0 96 1.09 0.059 1 0.002 1 0.826 3 0.029 8 0.101 9 0.001 1 569 78 612 17 626 7 97 L2-16 176.0 223 0.79 0.159 9 0.002 0 9.422 7 0.125 0 0.427 0 0.002 7 2 455 20 2 380 12 2 292 12 96 样品号:LZTG-3 LZTG-3-35 3 541.0 4 744 0.75 0.053 3 0.000 6 0.285 8 0.003 6 0.038 8 0.000 3 343 23 255 3 246 2 96 LZTG-3-16 4 726.0 3 418 1.38 0.054 6 0.000 7 0.292 6 0.003 2 0.038 9 0.000 2 394 32 261 3 246 2 94 LZTG-3-5 1 426.0 2 065 0.69 0.051 0 0.002 5 0.274 5 0.013 5 0.039 0 0.000 9 239 111 246 11 247 5 99 LZTG-3-31 5 619.0 9 639 0.58 0.052 7 0.000 7 0.283 9 0.004 1 0.039 0 0.000 3 322 31 254 3 247 2 97 LZTG-3-4 1 648.0 3 443 0.48 0.055 0 0.003 7 0.296 4 0.020 1 0.039 0 0.001 2 413 150 264 16 247 7 93 LZTG-3-32 2 900.0 4 985 0.58 0.053 2 0.000 7 0.287 5 0.003 9 0.039 1 0.000 3 345 30 257 3 247 2 96 LZTG-3-2 4 938.0 3 249 1.52 0.053 3 0.005 6 0.288 5 0.030 3 0.039 1 0.001 8 343 237 257 24 248 11 96 LZTG-3-6 104.0 168 0.62 0.053 1 0.002 1 0.285 2 0.011 7 0.039 3 0.000 9 332 89 255 9 248 6 97 LZTG-3-14 4 214.0 4 345 0.97 0.053 0 0.000 6 0.290 7 0.003 6 0.039 7 0.000 3 328 24 259 3 251 2 96 LZTG-3-1 215.0 267 0.81 0.055 5 0.006 9 0.304 2 0.037 9 0.039 8 0.002 2 432 280 270 29 252 13 93 LZTG-3-19 134.0 351 0.38 0.050 5 0.001 1 0.287 5 0.006 1 0.041 2 0.000 3 217 84 257 5 260 2 98 LZTG-3-3 230.0 429 0.54 0.051 2 0.004 4 0.291 6 0.025 4 0.041 3 0.001 6 250 200 260 20 261 10 99 LZTG-3-22 92.0 194 0.48 0.051 4 0.001 3 0.293 0 0.007 3 0.041 3 0.000 4 261 53 261 6 261 2 99 LZTG-3-24 199.0 335 0.59 0.054 3 0.001 4 0.310 1 0.007 6 0.041 3 0.000 3 383 56 274 6 261 2 95 LZTG-3-23 1 042.0 2 112 0.49 0.050 7 0.000 7 0.290 7 0.003 8 0.041 4 0.000 3 233 30 259 3 262 2 98 LZTG-3-20 1 405.0 4 850 0.29 0.051 7 0.000 6 0.298 5 0.003 6 0.041 7 0.000 2 333 19 265 3 264 1 99 LZTG-3-17 983.0 1 695 0.58 0.052 9 0.000 7 0.305 8 0.004 2 0.041 8 0.000 3 328 36 271 3 264 2 97 LZTG-3-9 736.0 1 057 0.70 0.050 4 0.000 6 0.291 7 0.004 1 0.041 8 0.000 3 213 30 260 3 264 2 98 LZTG-3-10 705.0 1 221 0.58 0.051 2 0.000 7 0.296 2 0.003 8 0.041 9 0.000 3 250 30 263 3 265 2 99 LZTG-3-21 608.0 1 294 0.47 0.052 5 0.000 7 0.304 6 0.004 3 0.041 9 0.000 4 309 30 270 3 265 2 98 LZTG-3-13 1 177.0 1 421 0.83 0.051 4 0.000 7 0.298 0 0.004 0 0.042 0 0.000 3 261 36 265 3 265 2 99 LZTG-3-15 954.0 1 865 0.51 0.050 2 0.000 5 0.292 3 0.003 7 0.042 1 0.000 3 206 21 260 3 266 2 97 LZTG-3-34 459.0 1 211 0.38 0.051 6 0.000 8 0.300 2 0.004 4 0.042 1 0.000 3 333 33 267 3 266 2 99 LZTG-3-27 258.0 548 0.47 0.052 2 0.000 9 0.307 7 0.005 3 0.042 6 0.000 3 295 39 272 4 269 2 98 LZTG-3-7 286.0 429 0.67 0.051 8 0.000 9 0.305 0 0.005 3 0.042 7 0.000 3 280 41 270 4 269 2 99 LZTG-3-8 584.0 1 029 0.57 0.051 0 0.000 8 0.301 0 0.004 8 0.042 7 0.000 2 239 32 267 4 269 1 99 LZTG-3-18 388.0 644 0.60 0.052 8 0.000 9 0.312 8 0.005 3 0.042 9 0.000 4 320 42 276 4 271 2 98 LZTG-3-33 543.0 1 305 0.42 0.052 1 0.000 8 0.308 8 0.004 7 0.043 1 0.000 4 300 35 273 4 272 3 99 LZTG-3-29 561.0 1 136 0.49 0.052 5 0.000 8 0.319 6 0.005 1 0.044 0 0.000 3 309 37 282 4 278 2 98 LZTG-3-28 132.0 320 0.41 0.054 8 0.001 3 0.347 3 0.008 2 0.045 9 0.000 4 467 52 303 6 289 2 95 LZTG-3-30 202.0 552 0.37 0.053 0 0.001 0 0.375 1 0.008 1 0.051 2 0.000 6 328 43 323 6 322 4 99 LZTG-3-11 168.0 221 0.76 0.079 2 0.000 9 2.250 8 0.029 2 0.205 8 0.001 6 1 176 22 1 197 9 1 207 9 99 LZTG-3-26 32.4 199 0.16 0.317 4 0.003 7 31.774 3 0.420 0 0.722 2 0.005 1 3 558 18 3 543 13 3 504 19 98 LZTG-3-25 60.0 195 0.31 0.345 4 0.005 2 37.115 0 0.635 0 0.775 8 0.007 8 3 687 23 3 697 17 3 702 28 99 -
[1] Andersen, T., 2002. Correction of common lead in U-Pb analyses that do not report 204Pb. Chemical Geology, 192(1-2): 59-79. doi: 10.1016/S0009-254(02)00195-X [2] Bowring, S.A., Erwin, D.H., Jin, Y.G., et al., 1998. U/Pb Zircon geochronology and tempo of the End-Permian mass extinction. Science, 280: 1039-1045. doi: 10.1126/science.280.5366.1039 [3] Chen, B.Y., Yan, J.X., 1994. Sequence stratigraphy of Upper Permian in Guangxi. Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences, 19(5): 597-608 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX199405006.htm [4] Chen, H.D., Qin, J.X., Tian, J.C., et al., 2000. Sequence filling dynamics of Youjiang basin, southern China. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 18(2): 165-171 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-CJXB200002000.htm [5] Chung, S.L., Jahn, B.M., 1995. Plume-lithosphere interaction in generation of the Emeishan flood basalts at the Permian-Triassic boundary. Geology, 23(10): 889-892. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<PLIIGO>2.3.CO;2 [6] Du, Y.S., Huang, H.W., Huang, Z.Q., et al., 2009. Basin translation from Late Palaeozoic to Triassicof Youjiang basin and its tectonics significance. Geological Science and Technology Information, 28(6): 10-15 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DZKQ200906002.htm [7] Erwin, D.H., 1994. The Permo-Triassic extinction. Nature, 367: 231-236. doi: 10.1038/367231a0 [8] Fan, W.M., Wang, Y.J., Peng, T.P., et al., 2004. Ar-Ar and U-Pb geochronology of Late Paleozoic basalts in western Guangxi and its constraints on the eruption age of Emeishan basalt magmatism. Chinese Science Bulletin, 49(21): 2318-2327. doi: 10.1360/04wd0201 [9] Fan, W.M., Zhang, C.H., Wang, Y.J., et al., 2008. Geochronology and geochemistry of Permian basalts in western Guangxi Province, Southwest China: evidence for plume-lithosphere interaction. Lithos, 102(1-2): 218-236. doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2007.09.019 [10] Galfetti, T., Bucher, H., Martini, R., et al., 2008. Evolution of Early Triassic outer platform paleoenvironments in the Nanpanjiang basin (South China) and their significance for the biotic recovery. Sedimentary Geology, 204(1-2): 36-60. doi: 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.12.008 [11] Galfetti, T., Bucher, H., Ovtcharova, M., et al., 2007. Timing of the Early Triassic carbon cycle perturbations inferred from new U-Pb ages and ammonoid biochronozones. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 258(3-4): 593-604. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.04.023 [12] Guangxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1985. Regional geology of Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region. Geological Publishing House, Beijing (in Chinese). [13] Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 1987. Regional geology of Guizhou Province. Geological Publishing House, Beijing (in Chinese). [14] Guo, F., Fan, W.M., Wang, Y.J., et al., 2004. Upper paleozoic basalts in the southern Yangtze block: geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic evidence for asthenosphere-lithosphere interaction and opening of the Paleo-Tethyan Ocean. International Geology Review, 46(4): 332-346. doi: 10.2747/0020-6814.46.4.332 [15] He, B., Xu, Y.G., Huang, X.L., et al., 2007. Age and duration of the Emeishan flood volcanism, SW China: geochemistry and SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating of silicic ignimbrites, post-volcanic Xuanwei Formation and clay tuff at the Chaotian section. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 255(3-4): 306-323. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.12.021 [16] Hu, S.L., Li, Y.J., Dai, Z.M., et al., 1996. The laster mass-spectrometer 40Ar-39Ar age of green pisolites of Guizhou Province. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 12(3): 409-415 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/289177632_The_laser_mass-spectrometer_40Ar-39Ar_age_of_green_pisolites_of_Guizhou_Province [17] Kamo, S.L., Czamanske, G.K., Amelin, Y., et al., 2003. Rapid eruption of Siberian flood-volcanic rocks and evidence for coincidence with the Permian-Triassic boundary and mass extinction at 251 Ma. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 214(1-2): 75-91. doi: 10.1018/S0012-821X(03)00347-9 [18] Knoll, A.H., Bambach, R.K., Payne, J.L., et al., 2007. Paleophysiology and End-Permian mass extinction. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 256(3-4): 295-313. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.02.018 [19] Lehrmann, D.J., Wei, J.Y., Enos, P., 1998. Controls on facies architecture of a large Triassic carbonate platform: the Great Bank of Guizhou, Nanpanjiang basin, South China. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 68(2): 311-326. doi: 10.2110/jsr.68.311 [20] Lehrmann, D.J., Enos, P., Payne, J.L., et al., 2005. Permian and Triassic depositional history of the Yangtze platform and Great Bank of Guizhou in the Nanpanjiang basin of Guizhou and Guangxi, South China. Albertiana, 33: 149-168. http://www.osti.gov/cgi-bin/eprints/redirectEprintsUrl?http%3A%2F%2Fpangea.stanford.edu%2F~jlpayne%2FLehrmann%2520et%2520al%25202005a.pdf [21] Lehrmann, D.J., Ramezani, J., Bowring, S.A., et al., 2006. Timing of recovery from the End-Permian extinction: geochronologic and biostratigraphic constraints from South China. Geology, 34(12): 1053-1056. doi: 10.1130/G22827A.1 [22] Lehrmann, D.J., Pei, D.H., Enos, P., et al., 2007a. Impact of differential tectonic subsidence on isolated carbonate-platform evolution: Triassic of the Nanpanjiang basin, south China. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 91(3): 287-320. doi: 10.1306/101606060605 [23] Lehrmann, D.J., Payne, J.L., Pei, D.H., et al., 2007b. Record of the End-Permian extinction and Triassic biotic recovery in the Chongzuo-Pingguo platform, southern Nanpanjiang basin, Guangxi, South China. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 252(1-2): 200-217. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.11.044 [24] Ludwig, K.R., 2001. Users manual for Isoplot/Ex rev. 2.49. Berkeley Geochronology Centre, 1(Special): 56. http://www.researchgate.net/publication/215580284_Users_Manual_for_IsoplotEx_Rev_249 [25] Lu, H.B., Zhang, Y.X., Xia, B.D., et al., 2003. Syn-sedimentary compression struetures in the Middle Triassie flysch of the Nanpanjiang basin, SW China. Geological Review, 49(5): 449-456 (in Chinese with English abstract). [26] Mundil, R., Ludwig, K.R., Metcalfe, I., et al., 2004. Age and timing of the Permian mass extinctions: U/Pb dating of closed-system zircons. Science, 305(5691): 1760-1763. doi: 10.1126/science.1101012 [27] Newkirk, T.T., Lehrmann, D.J., Hudak, G., 2002. Tephrastratigraphy and analysis of tectonic setting of Triassic intermediate volcanic strata: Nanpanjiang basin, South China. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 34(6): 512. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002AGUFM.V12B1434N [28] Ogg, J.G., Ogg, G., Gradstein, F.M., 2008. The concise geologic time scale. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. [29] Ovtcharova, M., Bucher, H., Schaltegger, U., et al., 2006. New Early to Middle Triassic U-Pb ages from South China: calibration with ammonoid biochronozones and implications for the timing of the Triassic biotic recovery. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 243(3-4): 463-475. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.01.042 [30] Qin, J.H., Wu, Y.L., Yan, Y.J., et al., 1996. Hercynian-indosinian sedimentary-tectonic evolution of the Nanpanjiang basin. Acta Geologica Sinica, 70(2): 99-107 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFD&filename=DZXW199604000 [31] Renne, P.R., Black, M.T., Zhang, Z.C., et al., 1995. Synchrony and causal relations between Permian-Triassic boundary crises and Siberian flood volcanism. Science, 269(5229): 1413-1416. doi: 10.1126/science.269.5229.1413 [32] Veevers, J.J., Tewari, R.C., 1995. Permian-carboniferous and Permian-Triassic magmatism in the rift zone bordering the Tethyan margin of southern Pangea. Geology, 23(5): 467-470. doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0467:PCAPTM>2.3.CO;2 [33] Wang, Y.B., Liu, D.Y., Yao, J.X., et al., 2004. Age determination of the Lower-Middle Triassic boundary at Ganheqiao, Wangmo, Guizhou Province. Acta Geologica Sinica, 78(5): 586-591 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/289782556_Age_derermination_of_the_Lower_-_Middle_Triassic_boundary_at_Ganheqiao_Wangmo_Guizhou_Province [34] Wang, Z.C., Wu, H.R., Kuang, G.D., 1997. Characteristics of the Late Paleozoic oceanic bsalts and their eruptive environments in West Guangxi. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 12(3): 409-415 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/291120108_Characteristics_of_the_late_paleozoic_oceanic_basalts_and_their_eruptive_environments_in_West_Guangxi [35] Wignall, P.B., 2001. Large igneous provinces and mass extinctions. Earth Science Review, 53(1-2): 1-33. doi: 10.1016/S0012-8252(00)00037-4 [36] Wignall, P.B., Sun, Y.D., Bond, D.P.G., et al., 2009. Volcanism, mass extinction, and carbon isotope fluctuations in the Middle Permian of China. Science, 324(5931): 1179-1182. doi: 10.1126/science.1171956 [37] Wu, G.Y., Wu, H.R., Zhong, D.L., et al., 2000. Volcanic rocks of Paleotethyan oceanic island and island-arc bordering Yunnan and Guangxi, China. Geoscience, 14(4): 393-400 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/284486374_Volcanic_rocks_of_Paleotethyan_oceanic_island_and_island-arc_bordering_Yunnan_and_Guangxi_China [38] Wu, H.R., Kuang, G.D., Wang, Z.C., 1997. Preliminary study on Late Paleozoic tectonic sedimentary settings in Guangxi. Scientia Geologica Sinica, 32(1): 11-18 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DZKX199701001.htm [39] Xie, S.C., Pancost, R.D., Wang, Y.B., et al., 2010. Cyanobacterial blooms tied to volcanism during the 5 m. y. Permo-Triassic biotic crisis. Geology, 38(5): 447-450. doi: 10.1130/G30769.1 [40] Xu, Y.G., Luo, Z.Y., Huang, X.L., et al., 2008. Zircon U-Pb and Hf isotope constraints on crustal melting associated with the Emeishan mantle plume. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 72(13): 3084-3104. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2008.04.019 [41] Yang, F.Q., Yin, H.F., Yu, J.X., et al., 2005. The terrestrial stratigraphy of the Permian-Triassic boundary from Chahe, Weining, Guizhou. Science in China (Ser. D), 35(6): 519-529 (in Chinese). [42] Yang, Z.Y., Wu, S.B., Yin, H.F., et al., 1991. Permo-Triassic events of South China. Geological Publishing House, Beijing (in Chinese). [43] Yin, H.F., Huang, S.J., Zhang, K.X., et al., 1989. Volcanism at the Permian-Triassic boundary in South China and its effects on mass extinction. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2: 169-180 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/313527699_Volcanism_al_the_Permian-Trissic_boundary_in_South_China_and_its_effects_on_mass_extinction [44] Yin, H.F., Tong, J.N., 2002. Chinese marine Triassic stages and boundaries of Lower Triassic stages. Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences, 27(5): 490-497 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX200205002.htm [45] Yin, H.F., Feng, Q.L., Lai, X.L., et al., 2007. The protracted Permo-Triassic crisis and multi-episode extinction around the Permian-Triassic boundary. Global and Planetary Change, 55(1-3): 1-20. doi: 10.1016/j.glolacha.2006.06.005 [46] Yuan, H.L., Gao, S., Liu, X.M., et al., 2004. Accurate U-Pb gae and trace element determinations of zircon by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Geostandards Geoanalytical Res., 28(3): 353-370. doi: 10.111/j.1751-908X.2004.tb00755.x [47] Zeng, Y.F., Liu, W.J., Chen, H.D., et al., 1995. Evolution of sedimentation and tectonics of the Youjiang composite basin, South China. Acta Geologica Sinica, 69(2): 113-124 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.cqvip.com/QK/86253X/199504/1004939319.html [48] Zhang, B.Y., Zhao, Z.H., Shi, M.Q., et al., 1998. First identification of Permian island-arc basalts in Cenxi: important evidence of the Paleo-Tethyan orogenic belt on Guangdong-Guangxi border region, South China. Chinese Science Bulletin, 43(21): 1838-1842. doi: 10.1007/BF02883385 [49] Zheng, L.D., Yao, J.X., Tong, Y.B., et al., 2010. Zircon U-Pb Dating for the boundary of Olenekian-Anisian at Wangmo, Guizhou Province. Acta Geologica Sinica, 84(8): 1112-1117 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE201008005.htm [50] Zhou, M.F., Malpas, J., Song, X.Y., et al., 2002. A temporal link between the Emeishan large igneous province (SW China) and the end-Guadalupian mass extinction. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 196(3-4): 113-122. doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00608-2 [51] 陈北岳, 颜佳新, 1994. 广西上二叠统层序地层格架. 地球科学——中国地质大学学报, 19(5): 597-608. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX199405006.htm [52] 陈洪德, 覃建雄, 田景春, 等, 2000. 右江盆地层序充填动力学初探. 沉积学报, 18(2): 165-171. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0550.2000.02.001 [53] 杜远生, 黄宏伟, 黄志强, 等, 2009. 右江盆地晚古生代-三叠纪盆地转换及其构造意. 地质科技情报, 28(6): 10-15. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7849.2009.06.002 [54] 范蔚茗, 王岳军, 彭头平, 等, 2004. 桂西晚古生代玄武岩Ar-Ar和U-Pb年代学及其对峨眉山玄武岩省喷发时代的约束. 科学通报, 49(18): 1892-1900. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0023-074X.2004.18.013 [55] 广西地质矿产局, 1985. 广西壮族自治区区域地质志. 北京: 地质出版社. [56] 贵州地质矿产局, 1987. 贵州省区域地质志. 北京: 地质出版社. [57] 胡世玲, 李曰俊, 戴撞谟, 等, 1996. 贵州绿豆岩激光质谱40Ar-39Ar年龄. 岩石学报, 12(3): 409-415. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0569.1996.03.006 [58] 吕洪波, 章雨旭, 夏邦栋, 等, 2003. 南盘江盆地中三叠统复理石中的同沉积挤压构造——一类新的沉积构造的归类、命名和构造意义探讨. 地质论评, 49(5): 449-456. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0371-5736.2003.05.001 [59] 秦建华, 吴应林, 颜仰基, 等, 1996. 南盘江盆地海西-印支期沉积构造演化. 地质学报, 70(2): 99-107. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE199602000.htm [60] 王彦斌, 刘敦一, 姚建新, 等, 2004. 黔西南下-中三叠统界线年龄. 地质学报, 78(5): 586-591. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5717.2004.05.002 [61] 王忠诚, 吴浩若, 邝国敦, 1997. 桂西晚古生代海相玄武岩的特征及其形成环境. 岩石学报, 13(2): 260-265. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0569.1997.02.015 [62] 吴根耀, 吴浩若, 钟大赉, 等, 2000. 滇桂交界处古特提斯的洋岛和岛弧火山岩. 现代地质, 14(4): 393-400. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8527.2000.04.002 [63] 吴浩若, 邝国敦, 王忠诚, 1997. 广西晚古生代构造沉积背景的初步研究. 地质科学, 32(1): 11-18. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKX199701001.htm [64] 杨逢清, 殷鸿福, 喻建新, 等, 2005. 贵州威宁岔河陆相二叠系-三叠系界线地层研究. 中国科学(D辑), 35(6): 519-529. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JDXK200506004.htm [65] 杨遵仪, 吴顺宝, 殷鸿福, 等, 1991. 华南二叠-三叠纪过渡期地质事件. 北京: 地质出版社. [66] 殷鸿福, 黄四骥, 张克信, 等, 1989. 华南二叠纪-三叠纪之交的火山活动及其对生物绝灭的影响. 地质学报, 2: 169-180. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5717.1989.02.002 [67] 殷鸿福, 童金南, 2002. 关于中国的海相三叠系建阶及下三叠统分阶界线. 地球科学——中国地质大学学报, 27(5): 490-497. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX200205002.htm [68] 曾允孚, 刘文均, 陈洪德, 等, 1995. 华南右江复合盆地的沉积构造演化. 地质学报, 69(2): 113-124. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE199502001.htm [69] 张伯友, 赵振华, 石满全, 等, 1997. 岑溪二叠纪岛弧型玄武岩的首次厘定及大地构造意义——两广交界古特提斯构造带的重要证据. 科学通报, 42(4): 413-416. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KXTB199704023.htm [70] 郑连弟, 姚建新, 仝亚博, 等, 2010. 贵州南部地区安尼阶底界锆石SHRIMP年龄结果. 地质学报, 84(8): 1112-1117. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE201008005.htm