Community Structure and Paleoecology of Paleogene Lacustrine Cladosiphonia Reefs in the Dongying Depression, Shandong Province, China
-
摘要: 地质历史上的生物礁主要为海相生物礁.海相生物礁中生物种类丰富, 而且常常出现在正常的海洋环境中.陆相湖泊生物礁则极为少见, 而且造礁生物种类单调, 常常出现在特有的湖泊环境.山东东营凹陷古近纪湖相藻礁主要由绿藻门的枝管藻形成礁体的骨架, 蓝细菌藻纹层起粘结作用.居礁生物种类十分单调, 但数量丰富, 主要包括广盐性的介形类、小型腹足类和龙介类.在湖相藻礁建造过程中, 早期碳酸盐成岩作用产生的纤维状方解石十分发育, 对加固枝管藻骨架起到了重要作用.同时, 大量早期碳酸盐胶结物的存在表明当时湖泊水体的碳酸盐饱和度较高.藻礁发育的古近纪在世界许多地方出现蒸发岩沉积, 反映藻礁总体是在气候比较干旱的时期形成的.枝管藻藻礁不但对古生态和气候具有重要的指示意义, 而且对油气储集层的研究勘探也有重要价值.Abstract: Most fossil reefs found so far are preserved in marine sediments with high biodiversity of reef-building organisms and recognized as implication for shallow normal marine environment. However, lacustrine reefs are relatively scarce and usually constructed by low biodiversity but high abundance of reef associated fossils, implying specialized water conditions. The frame of Paleogene lacustrine reefs in Dongying depression of Shandong Province were constructed mainly by Cladosiphonia and bound by Cyanobacteria. Reef-dwelling organisms are of great abundance though only a few species are involved, such as ostracodes, micro-gastropods and spirorbis, which belong to euryhaline organisms. Large amount of fibrous calcite cement was formed as the product of early diagenesis around the Cladosiphonia, reinforcing the solidity of reef structure. Early diagenesis cement widely formed in the reef structure suggests high saturation of lacustrine chemistry for carbonate precipitation. Paleogene is a special stage in geologic history, during which different types of evaporates were deposited all over the world. Paleogene Cladosiphonia-build reefs in Dongying depression should have been formed under arid climate conditions. Cladosiphonia-build reefs undoubtedly facilitates the understanding of the palaeoecology of ancient lacustrine and the condition of paleoclimate, and is of great importance to the study of petroleum reservoir as well.
-
Key words:
- reefs /
- Paleogene /
- Dongying depression /
- stratigraphy
-
图 1 东营凹陷新生代沉积地层序列(据中国石油地质志·卷六，1993修改)
Fig. 1. Lithologic column profile and facies showing the Paleogene and Neogene reefs in Dongying depression
图 2 济阳坳陷第三纪湖相生物礁分布(据杜韫华，1996修改)
1.藻礁；2.藻礁丘；3.藻生物层
Fig. 2. Locality of the Jiyang sag and Paleogene lacustrine reefs
图 3 山东东营凹陷古近纪藻礁中的中国枝管藻
滨斜171井，沙河街组四段，井深1854~1859m，光面
Fig. 3. Cladosiphonia sinensis in the Paleogene reefs in Dongying depression, Shandong Province
图 4 山东东营凹陷古近纪藻礁中不同类型的枝管藻
a和b.中国枝管藻；c和d.山东枝管藻.滨斜171井，沙河街组四段，井深1854~1859m，显微镜下照片
Fig. 4. Species of Cladosiphonia in the Paleogene reefs in Dongying depression, Shandong Province
图 5 山东东营凹陷古近纪藻礁中的藻粘结灰岩(a)和藻粘结岩中的藻纹层(b)
Ⅰ.腹足类，被藻粘结层包裹或充填在粘结岩之间；Ⅱ.藻粘结岩；滨斜171井，沙河街组四段，井深1854~1859m，光面；b图为显微镜下照片
Fig. 5. Bindstone (a) and algae laminar (b) in the Paleogene reefs in Dongying depression, Shandong Province
图 6 山东东营凹陷古近纪藻礁中的居礁生物化石
a.介形类化石，偏光镜下照片；b.腹足类化石，手标本照片；c.龙介虫管横断面，扫描电镜照片；d.龙介虫管分层的微细构造，扫描电镜照片.滨斜171井，沙河街组四段，井深1854~1859m
Fig. 6. Reef-dwelling organisms in the Paleogene reef in Dongying depression, Shandong Province
-
[1] Chen, M., Wu, B.L., 1979. On the discovery of Lower Tertiary polychaetous tubes from the Jiyang district of Shandong Province, China. Acta Oceanologic Sinica, 1(2): 338-341 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://epub.cnki.net/grid2008/docdown/docdownload.aspx?filename=SEAC197902013&dbcode=CJFD&year=1979&dflag=pdfdown [2] Du, Y.H., 1996. The Tertiary reefs in Shandong Province, North China. In: Fan, J.S., ed., The ancient organic reefs of China and their relations to oil and gas. Ocean Press, Beijing, 275-293 (in Chinese). [3] Editorial Committee of "Petroleum Geology of Shengli Oil Field", 1993. Petroleum geology of China, Vol. 6. Petroeum Industry Press, Beijing, 35 (in Chinese). [4] Fan, J.S., Qi, J.W., Zhou, T.M., et al., 1990. Permian reefs of Longlin, Guanxi, China. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, 4-6 (in Chinese). [5] Fan, J.S., Zhang, W., Ma, X., et al., 1982. The Upper Permian reefs in Lichuan district, West Hubei Provice. Scientia Geologica Sinica, 3: 274-284 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DZKX198203003.htm [6] Flügel, E., 2006. Microfacies of carbonate rocks—analysis, interpretation and application. Translated by Ma, Y.S. . Geological Publishing House, Beijing, 591 (in Chinese). [7] Gong, E.P., Zhang, Y.L., Guan, C.Q., et al., 2010. Main features of the Carboniferous organic reefs in the world. Journal of Palaeogeography, 12(2): 127-139 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical/gdlxb201002001 [8] Guo, Z.Q., Zheng, D.W., Liu, W.H., et al., 2008. Discovery and significance of the Neogene and Palaeogene lacustrine reefs in the western Qaidam basin. Journal of Stratigraphy, 32(1): 60-68 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DCXZ200801013.htm [9] Guo, Z.Q., Zhong, J.H., Liu, W.H., et al., 2004. Reservoir characteristics and significance of Tertiary lacustrain reef in western Qaidam. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 22(3): 425-433 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-CJXB200403008.htm [10] Hao, Y.C., Li, H.S., 1984. Discovery and significance of calcareous nanofossils from Early Tertiary in on shore Bohai basin and its adjacent areas. Chinese Science Bulletin, 29(12): 741-745 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.1360/csb1984-29-12-741 [11] He, W.H., Shi, G.R., Feng, Q.L., et al., 2007. Brachiopod miniaturization and its possible causes during the Permian-Triassic crisis in deep water environments, South China. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 252(1-2): 145-163. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.11.040 [12] Jiang, H.X., Wu, Y.S., Diao, J.B., et al., 2010. A dwarf euomphalid fauna from the Permian-Triassic boundary in Laolongdong, Beibei, Chongqing: opportunity taxa surviving the disaster event? Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 31(2): 163-169 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.oalib.com/paper/1558561 [13] Li, Y., Kershaw, S., Chen, X., 2004. Control of carbonate sedimentation and reef growth in llandovery sequences on the northwestern margin of the Yangtze platform, South China. Gondwana Research, 7(4): 937-949. doi: 10.1016/S1342.937X(05)710 [14] Lin, Q.X., 1992. Nature and evolution of Late Permian reef in Ziyun, Guizhou Province. Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences, 17(3): 301-307 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX199203010.htm [15] Liu, Z.L., 1990. Introductions of the algae fossils. Higher Education Press, Beijing, 95 (in Chinese). [16] Metcalfe, B., Twitchett, R.J., Price-Lloyd, N., 2011. Changes in size and growth rate of 'Lilliput' animals in the Earliest Triassic. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 308(1-2): 171-180. doi: 10.16/j.palaeo.2010.09.011 [17] Qian, K., Wang, S.F., 1986. Low Tertiary reef limestone and the oil pool of such reef in Jiyang depression. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 5: 1-7 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Conference_285876.aspx [18] Qian, K., Wang, S.M., Liu, S.F., et al., 1980. The disxocery of Paleogene reefal limestons in the northern part of East China and its petroleum geological singificance. Chinese Science Bulletin, 24: 1140-1142. [19] Sha, Q.A., 1977. Diagenesis of Holocene biocalcirudite in the southern part of Hainan Island, Guangdong. Scientia Geologica Sinica, 2: 172-180 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DZKX197702005.htm [20] Steuber, T., Veizer, J., 2002. Phanerozoic record of plate tectonic control of seawater chemistry and carbonate sedimentation. Geology, 30(12): 1123-1126. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<1123:PROPTC>2.0.CO;2 [21] Straccia, F.G., Wilkinson, B.H., Smith, G.R., 1990. Miocene lacustrine agal reefs-southwestern Snake River Plain, Idaho. Sedimentary Geol. , 67: 7-23. doi: 10.1016/0037-0738(90)90024-N [22] Sun, Z.C., Yang, G.L., Qiao, Z.Z., et al., 2002. Characteristics and geologic significance of calcareous nanofossils in sediments of terrestrial salinized lakes. Journal of Palaeogeography, 4(2): 56-63 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-GDLX200202006.htm [23] Wang, Y.B., Tong, J.N., Wang, J.S., et al., 2005. Calcimicrobialite after end-Permian mass extinction in South China and its palaeoenvironmental significance. Chinese Science Bulletin, 50(6): 665-671. doi: 10.1360/982004-323 [24] Wu, H.G., Li, C., Qian, Z., 2003. Haline lacustrine biohermal reservoir characters in Block Da 81-4 of the Yidong oil field, East China. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 30(4): 43-46 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK200304013.htm [25] Wu, X.C., 2009. Sedimentary facies analysis of the Late Triassic Carnian siliceous sponge reef-oolite bank complex in northwestern Sichuan Province. Journal of Palaeogeography, 11(2): 125-132 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-GDLX200902001.htm [26] Wu, Y.S., Fan, J.S., 2002. Permian Triassic history of reefal thalamid sponges: evolution and extinction. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 41(2): 163-177 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/277309533_Permian-Triassic_history_of_reefal_thalamid_sponges_evolution_and_extinction_Acta_Palaeontol_Sin [27] Xiao, C.T., Li, Y.B., Hu, M.Y., et al., 2000. Discovery and geologic significance of Jurassic organic reef in northern Tibet. Bulletin of National Natural Science Foundation of China, 3(16): 178-182 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zgkxjj200003012 [28] Yan, J.X., Wu, M., 2006. Synchronized osciliations in Phanerozoic chemical composition of sea water, carbonate sedimentation and biotic evolution: progresses and prospects. Geological Science and Technology Information, 25(3): 1-7 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DZKQ200603000.htm [29] Yang, H., Chen, Z.Q., Wang, Y.B., et al., 2011. Composition and structure of microbialite ecosystems following the end-Permian mass extinction in South China. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 308(1-2): 111-128. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.05.029 [30] Yu, G.M., Lan, B.L., Lin, W.Q., et al., 1982. The Environment and characters of Late Cretaceoces crassatellida organic reef in Gangba Tibet. Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 3: 39-44 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-KWYS198203003.htm [31] Zhang, T.S., Lan, Z.G., Kershaw, S., et al., 1999. Silurian reef diagenesis and reservoir characterisitics on north & south margins of Sichuan basin. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 17(3): 374-382 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-CJXB199903006.htm [32] Zhang, Y.S., Wang, G.L., Yang, Y.Q., et al., 2005. Rhythms of saline lake sediments of the Paleogene and their Paleoclimatic signifieanee in Qianjiang sag, Jianghan basin. Journal of Palaeogeography, 7(4): 461-470 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://epub.cnki.net/grid2008/docdown/docdownload.aspx?filename=GDLX200504007&dbcode=CJFD&year=2005&dflag=pdfdown [33] Zhou, H.L., 1996. The devonian reefs in Guangxi, South China. In: Fan, J.S., ed., The ancient organic reefs of China and their relations to oil and gas. Ocean Press, Beijing, 88-116 (in Chinese). [34] Zhou, J.M., Wang, J.P., 1989. Shallow evaporative environment for the formation of nahcalite-bearing series in the Biyang basin, Henan. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 7(4): 149-156 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-CJXB198904013.htm [35] Zhou, Z.L., Du, Y.H., 1986. Relationship between sendimentary facies of lacustrine carbonate rocks and oil and gas distribution. Experimental Petroleum Geology, 8(2): 123-132 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-SYSD198602003.htm [36] Zhu, H.R., 1979. Microfossil algae from the lower Tertiary Shahejie Formation of Binxian, northern Shandong. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 18(4): 327-344 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-GSWX197904000.htm [37] 陈木, 吴宝铃, 1979. 山东济阳凹陷下第三系多毛类虫管的发现. 海洋学报, 1(2): 338-341. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SEAC197902013.htm [38] 杜韫华, 1996. 山东第三纪藻礁. 见: 范嘉松编, 中国生物礁与油气. 北京: 海洋出版社, 275-293. [39] 范嘉松, 齐敬文, 周铁明, 等, 1990. 广西隆林二叠纪生物礁. 北京: 地质出版社, 4-6. [40] 范嘉松, 张维, 马行, 等, 1982. 鄂西二叠系生物礁的基本特征及其发育规律. 地质科学, 3: 274-284. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKX198203003.htm [41] 富里格, 2006. 碳酸盐岩微相——分析、解释及应用. 马永生主译, 北京: 地质出版社, 591. [42] 巩恩普, 张永利, 关长庆, 等, 2010. 世界石炭纪生物礁发育基本特征. 古地理学报, 12(2): 127-139. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GDLX201002003.htm [43] 郭泽清, 郑得文, 刘卫红, 等, 2008. 柴达木盆地西部古近纪-新近纪湖相生物礁的发现及意义. 地层学杂志, 32(1): 60-68. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4959.2008.01.010 [44] 郭泽清, 钟建华, 刘卫红, 等, 2004. 柴西第三纪湖相生物礁储层特征及意义. 沉积学报, 22(3): 425-433. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0550.2004.03.008 [45] 郝诒纯, 李蕙生, 1984. 渤海沿岸及邻近地区早第三纪钙质超微化石的发现及其意义. 科学通报, 29(12): 741-745. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KXTB198412010.htm [46] 姜红霞, 吴亚生, 刁建波, 等, 2010. 重庆北碚老龙洞二叠－三叠系界线层中的全脐螺侏儒化: 环境突变中的机会群落?地球学报, 31(2): 163-169. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQXB201002008.htm [47] 林启祥, 1992. 贵州紫云晚二叠世生物礁及其演化. 地球科学——中国地质大学学报, 17(3): 301-307. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQKX199203010.htm [48] 刘志礼, 1990. 化石藻类学导论. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 95. [49] 钱凯, 王淑芬, 1986. 济阳坳陷下第三系礁灰岩及礁灰岩油气藏. 石油勘探与开发, 5: 1-7. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK198605000.htm [50] 沙庆安, 1977. 海南岛南部一地全新世生物屑灰岩的成岩作用. 地质科学, 2: 172-180. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKX197702005.htm [51] 胜利油田石油地质编写组, 1993. 中国石油地质志·卷六. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 35. [52] 孙镇城, 杨革联, 乔子真, 等, 2002. 我国咸化湖泊沉积中钙质超微化石特征及其地质意义. 古地理学报, 4(2): 56-63. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1505.2002.02.007 [53] 吴花果, 李纯, 钱峥, 2003. 以东油田大81-4块咸化湖泊生物礁储集层特征. 石油勘探与开发, 30(4): 43-46. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0747.2003.04.014 [54] 吴熙纯, 2009. 川西北晚三叠世卡尼期硅质海绵礁-鲕滩组合的沉积相分析. 古地理学报, 11(2): 125-132. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GDLX200902001.htm [55] 吴亚生, 范嘉松, 2002. 二叠纪—三叠纪礁相房室海绵演化与灭绝. 古生物学报, 41(2): 163- 177. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GSWX200202001.htm [56] 肖传桃, 李艺斌, 胡明毅, 等, 2000. 藏北地区侏罗纪生物礁的发现及其意义. 中国科学基金, 3(16): 178-182. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZKJJ200003016.htm [57] 颜佳新, 伍明, 2006. 显生宙海水成分、碳酸盐沉积和生物演化系统研究进展. 地质科技情报, 25(3): 1-7. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKQ200603000.htm [58] 余光明, 兰伯龙, 林文球, 等, 1982. 西藏岗巴晚白垩世厚壳蛤生物礁环境的特征. 矿物岩石, 3: 39-44. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KWYS198203003.htm [59] 张廷山, 兰光志, Kershaw, S., 等, 1999. 四川盆地南北缘志留纪生物礁成岩作用及储层特征. 沉积学报, 17(3): 374-382. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0550.1999.03.007 [60] 张永生, 王国力, 杨玉卿, 等, 2005. 江汉盆地潜江凹陷古近系盐湖沉积盐韵律及其古气候意义. 古地理学报, 7(4): 461-470. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-1505.2005.04.004 [61] 周怀玲, 1996. 广西泥盆纪生物礁. 见: 范嘉松编, 中国生物礁与油气. 北京: 海洋出版社, 88-116. [62] 周建民, 王吉平, 1989. 河南泌阳凹陷含碱段的浅水蒸发环境. 沉积学报, 7(4): 149-156. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJXB198904013.htm [63] 周自立, 杜韫华, 1986. 湖泊碳酸盐岩的沉积相与油气分布关系——以山东胜利油田下第三系碳酸盐岩为例. 石油实验地质, 8(2): 123-132. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYSD198602003.htm [64] 朱浩然, 1979. 山东滨县下第三系沙河街组的藻类化石. 古生物学报, 18(4): 327-344. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GSWX197904000.htm -
下载:
点击查看大图
图(7)
计量
- 文章访问数: 196
- HTML全文浏览量: 144
- PDF下载量: 11
- 被引次数: 0
