青藏高原西部班公湖岛弧带特提斯洋盆闭合后的地壳伸展作用

江军华; 王瑞江; 曲晓明; 辛洪波; 王振中

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2011.108

青藏高原西部班公湖岛弧带特提斯洋盆闭合后的地壳伸展作用

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2011.108

1.
中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所, 北京 100037
2.
五矿勘查开发有限公司, 北京 100044
3.
成都理工大学地球科学学院, 四川成都 610059

基金项目:

国家"十一·五"科技支撑计划项目 2006BAB01A05

中国地质调查局大调查项目 1212010818097

详细信息

作者简介:
江军华(1984-), 男, 硕士研究生, 矿产普查与勘探专业.E-mail: jiangjh07@163.com

中图分类号: P617
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2011-02-11
- 网络出版日期: 2021-11-10
- 刊出日期: 2011-06-15

Crustal Extension of the Bangong Lake Arc Zone, Western Tibetan Plateau, After the Closure of the Tethys Oceanic Basin

1.
The Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
2.
Minmetals Exploration and Development Limited Company, Beijing 100044, China
3.
Faculty of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China

摘要

摘要: 青藏高原西部班公湖-怒江缝合带西端的班公湖地区分布着一系列南北向和东西向岩脉: 花岗斑岩和闪长玢岩.通过岩石地球化学系统分析和锆石U-Pb LA-ICP-MS年龄测定, 指出这些岩脉代表了班公湖中特提斯洋盆闭合后的地壳伸展事件.呈南北向产出的花岗斑岩脉13个锆石颗粒测试结果给出了79.59±0.32Ma(MSWD=1.08)的加权平均年龄; 既有南北向也有东西向产出的闪长玢岩脉6个锆石颗粒给出了75.9±1.2Ma(MSWD=2.8)的加权平均年龄.这些结果表明班公湖岛弧带发生在晚白垩世的地壳伸展作用一开始只沿东西向进行, 稍后南北向也开始伸展.岩石地球化学特征表明, 2种脉岩都具有岛弧岩浆特征, 这是由于岩浆源区的印度洋MORB型地幔受到了来自俯冲沉积物熔体的交代.处于较深部位的闪长玢岩源区参与交代的沉积物熔体大体在1%~10%之间, 部分熔融程度约为8%~15%;处于较浅部位的花岗斑岩源区参与交代的沉积物熔体约在10%~15%之间, 部分熔融程度大于15%.
- 地壳伸展 /
- 岩脉 /
- 岩浆源区 /
- 班公湖岛弧带 /
- 青藏高原
Abstract: A series of NS-and EW-striking dykes occur in Bangong lake region, western segment of the Bangong lake-Nujiang suture in Tibetan plateau, including both granite porphyry and diorite porphyrite. Based on petrochemical analyses and zircon U-Pb LA-ICP-MS dating combined with field investigation, the present authors propose that these dykes represent a crustal extension event of the Bangong lake arc zone after the closure of Bangeng lake middle-Tethys oceanic basin. The granite porphyries occuring only in NS-strike and the diorite porphyrites occuring both in NS- and EW-strike respectively yield a weighted mean age of 79.59±0.32Ma (MSWD=1.08) with 13 zircons and (76.9±1.2)Ma (MSWD=2.8) with 6. These results indicate that the crustal extensional process of the Bangong lake arc zone occurring in Late Cretaceous epoch was initialed only in EW-trending and slightly later also in NS-trending. Petrochemically, the two types of the dykes appear arc magmatic features characterized by enrichment of large iron incompatible elements (Rb, U, Th, K, Pb) and depletion of high field strength elements (Nb and Ti) which were attributed to metasomatism of Indian-MORB mantle by subducted sediment melt. Furthermore, by analyzing geochemical characteristics of the dyke, we come to the conclusion that the granite porphyries were generated at a shallower depth under amphibolite facies conditions, and the diorite porphyrites were probably under eclogite facies or garnet amphibolite conditions. And the amount of sediment melt involved in the mantle metasomatism related to diorite porphyrites varies largely from 1% to 10% with a source partial melting degree ranging from 8% to 15%. Whereas in the granite porphyries, the amount varies from 10% to 15% and their source partial melting degree is up to 15%.
- crustal extension /
- dyke /
- magma source /
- Bangong lake island arc zone /
- Tibetan plateau

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图 1 西藏班公湖岛弧带地质图(据1∶25万地质图修改)

1.早白垩世灰岩；2.晚侏罗世-早白垩世砂板岩；3.古近系火山岩；4.上侏罗统火山岩；5.晚白垩-始新世花岗岩；6.早白垩世花岗岩；7.古近系牛堡组；8.蛇绿混杂岩；9.角度不整合；10.韧性剪切带；11.次级断裂；12.主断裂；13.国界；14.脉岩分布区

Fig. 1. Geological map of Bangong lake island arc zone, Tibet plateau

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图 2 班公湖岛弧带中酸性脉岩野外分布

Fig. 2. Field distribution of mid-acid dykes in the Bangong lake island arc zone

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图 3 班公湖岛弧带洋盆闭合后形成的岩脉的A/NK-A/CNK图(a)和K₂O-SiO₂图(b)

Fig. 3. A/NK-A/CNK diagram (a) and K₂O-SiO₂ diagram (b) of the dykes formed after the closure of the Tethys oceanic basin in the Bangong lake arc zone

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图 4 班公湖岛弧带洋盆闭合后形成的脉岩的微量元素蛛网图(a)和稀土元素球粒陨石标准化分布曲线(b)

Fig. 4. Trace element spider diagram (a) and rare earth element chondrite-normalized patterns (b) of the dykes formed after the closure of the Tethys oceanic basin in the Bangong Lake island arc zone

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图 5 班公湖岛弧带洋盆闭合后形成的花岗斑岩的锆石阴极发光图(a)和U-Pb一致线年龄图(b)

Fig. 5. Zircon CL images (a) and U-Pb concordant diagram (b) of granite porphyry formed after the closure of the Tethys oceanic basin in the Bangong Lake island arc zone

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图 6 班公湖岛弧带洋盆闭合后形成的闪长玢岩的锆石阴极发光图(a)和U-Pb一致线年龄图(b)

Fig. 6. Zircon CL images (a) and U-Pb concordant diagram (b) of diorite porphyrite formed after the closure of the Tethys oceanic basin in the Bangong lake island arc zone

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图 7 班公湖岛弧带洋盆闭合后形成的脉岩的R₁-R₂图

Fig. 7. R₁-R₂ diagram of the dykes formed after the closure of the Tethys oceanic basin in the Bangong lake island arc zone

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图 8 班公湖岛弧带洋盆闭合后形成的脉岩的地球化学特征

a.标有沉积物熔体的箭头线为沉积物熔体与印度洋MORB地幔的混合线，线上的百分数代表沉积物熔体所占的百分比；b.样品分布呈负斜率代表二元混合；a和b图中的印度洋MORB据Rehkämpe and Hofmann(1997)；GLOSS据Plank and Langmuir(1998)；c.IP-Bas代表板内玄武岩；SM代表沉积物熔体；Xen代表地壳混染物；箭头线代表不同角闪石含量的混合线；原图据Gómez-Tuenal et al.(2007)；d.虚线上的百分数代表地幔的部分熔融程度，实线上的百分数代表沉积物熔体所占的比例

Fig. 8. Geochemical characters of the dykes formed after the closure of the Tethys oceanic basin in the Bangong lake island arc zone

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表 1 班公湖岛弧带岛弧型侵入岩常量元素、微量元素和稀土元素分析结果

Table 1. Major, trace and rare earth element analysis results of arc magmatic rocks in the Bangong lake island arc zone

样品编号	B08- 011	B08- 012	B08- 013	B08- 021	B08- 022	B08- 023	B08- 031	B08- 032	B08- 033	B08- 041	B08- 042	B08- 043
岩石类型	闪长玢岩			花岗斑岩			石英闪长玢岩
常量、微量(%)
SiO₂	56.13	57.58	56.14	76.01	78.44	79.38	64.41	66.05	64.82	65.26	62.89	64.83
TiO₂	1.07	1.10	1.12	0.21	0.07	0.081	0.70	0.66	0.72	0.67	0.64	0.68
Al₂O₃	16.34	16.39	15.80	15.17	14.19	13.34	16.62	16.52	16.38	16.65	16.52	15.92
Fe₂O₃	5.92	6.64	6.82	0.91	0.42	0.40	3.77	3.52	3.79	3.35	3.37	3.23
FeO	3.65	4.72	4.50	0.50	0.25	0.22	0.80	2.50	2.55	0.40	0.40	0.65
CaO	4.16	3.20	4.00	0.29	0.28	0.23	2.15	1.50	2.14	2.33	3.72	2.98
MgO	3.93	4.14	4.57	0.27	0.15	0.22	1.92	1.86	1.96	0.68	0.65	0.61
MnO	0.079	0.079	0.088	0.0061	0.0041	0.0072	0.058	0.054	0.057	0.059	0.056	0.057
Na₂O	3.45	3.62	3.77	0.14	0.12	0.15	4.30	3.91	4.36	3.57	3.86	3.91
K₂O	2.21	2.09	1.94	4.11	3.55	3.13	2.60	2.60	2.50	3.06	2.82	2.86
P₂O₅	0.33	0.35	0.35	0.039	0.021	0.026	0.24	0.23	0.25	0.22	0.22	0.22
LOI	6.32	4.72	5.32	2.78	2.68	2.97	3.16	3.03	2.95	4.08	5.22	4.67
Total	112.00	113.00	114.00	115.00	116.00	117.00	118.00	119.00	120.00	121.00	122.00	123.00
Ba	417.00	357.00	535.00	437.00	313.00	314.00	420.00	430.00	412.00	369.00	312.00	417.00
Be	2.51	2.05	1.96	3.85	2.45	2.41	1.98	1.83	1.91	1.94	2.03	2.24
Sc	13.70	14.60	14.30	3.23	3.13	2.82	7.82	7.63	8.45	7.34	7.33	7.27
V	121.00	126.00	122.00	17.50	3.97	5.38	67.20	66.80	70.40	67.60	62.60	62.20
Cr	74.00	81.30	91.30	7.05	4.72	8.77	26.30	30.30	29.90	26.50	24.70	18.40
Co	23.90	19.00	18.40	0.861	0.42	2.00	9.31	9.13	9.73	11.20	10.70	9.68
Ni	57.20	55.20	60.30	3.06	2.83	8.24	28.30	30.80	28.80	31.70	27.60	18.70
Cu	56.10	56.00	35.80	1.99	3.12	2.45	25.50	22.70	22.50	35.10	42.50	26.50
Pb	14.60	8.69	14.30	14.00	16.00	17.80	9.65	10.30	13.30	8.70	9.89	8.52
Zn	84.60	62.20	79.70	29.20	19.00	24.30	88.70	86.80	75.10	56.60	59.50	49.60
Ga	22.00	21.80	21.30	21.20	15.80	15.20	20.50	21.10	21.80	20.80	20.10	19.90
Rb	85.00	82.90	62.00	166.00	120.00	107.00	114.00	121.00	101.00	112.00	113.00	125.00
Sr	384.00	407.00	439.00	15.00	24.90	34.90	400.00	350.00	432.00	257.00	324.00	368.00
W	0.38	0.359	0.156	4.53	0.547	0.88	0.098	0.171	0.131	0.84	0.794	2.28
Mo	1.91	1.07	0.733	0.355	-	0.006	0.355	0.285	0.26	0.964	1.50	1.80
Sb	5.46	2.24	2.03	1.11	0.743	0.774	1.80	1.70	1.17	0.977	0.849	1.15
Bi	0.143	0.093	0.145	0.182	0.179	0.096	0.031	0.027	0.051	0.13	0.11	0.063
Nb	21.40	20.80	19.70	10.10	10.30	10.90	13.90	13.50	13.80	16.20	14.30	15.20
Ta	1.41	1.36	1.30	1.89	2.05	1.98	1.06	1.13	1.02	1.25	1.13	1.22
Zr	463.00	494.00	436.00	123.00	118.00	126.00	318.00	323.00	340.00	251.00	219.00	238.00
Hf	10.30	9.71	8.47	3.81	5.01	5.43	6.96	6.75	7.22	5.70	5.31	5.46
U	2.81	2.75	2.22	2.51	3.04	2.96	2.02	2.07	2.05	3.18	2.82	2.88
Th	14.40	13.60	12.00	14.70	18.20	18.10	10.80	11.60	11.10	15.20	13.70	14.50
Y	21.70	20.60	20.40	12.50	27.30	22.30	14.90	15.80	15.40	15.30	15.20	15.80
REE(10^-6)
La	43.80	32.60	28.80	45.80	16.00	22.10	38.90	36.20	36.00	43.00	38.90	40.10
Ce	81.40	60.50	56.40	80.00	32.30	43.50	65.20	63.30	66.00	73.30	67.70	71.90
Pr	8.48	6.72	5.85	8.27	3.83	5.00	7.23	6.84	7.00	7.45	7.21	7.10
Nd	31.00	24.00	23.00	26.50	14.70	18.10	25.30	24.30	24.80	26.10	24.50	25.90
Sm	5.01	3.88	3.62	3.73	3.51	4.00	3.77	3.84	3.93	3.97	3.86	3.98
Eu	1.09	1.03	0.978	0.556	0.395	0.383	0.993	0.939	1.05	1.05	1.05	1.01
Gd	4.65	3.73	3.81	3.24	3.33	3.47	3.53	3.58	3.47	3.54	3.54	3.59
Tb	0.732	0.634	0.613	0.407	0.679	0.574	0.522	0.518	0.512	0.547	0.528	0.517
Dy	3.82	3.65	3.49	2.07	4.04	3.38	2.67	2.89	2.72	2.85	2.51	2.85
Ho	0.742	0.698	0.66	0.391	0.867	0.701	0.506	0.505	0.515	0.524	0.518	0.541
Er	2.10	2.01	1.92	1.13	2.54	2.13	1.38	1.45	1.43	1.44	1.37	1.57
Tm	0.308	0.308	0.291	0.188	0.396	0.363	0.205	0.244	0.213	0.23	0.206	0.223
Yb	1.96	1.91	1.74	1.17	2.45	2.04	1.36	1.37	1.36	1.31	1.34	1.38
Lu	0.304	0.284	0.27	0.20	0.373	0.336	0.208	0.218	0.199	0.205	0.201	0.215
以下单位为1
Nb/Ta	15.18	15.29	15.15	5.34	5.02	5.51	13.11	11.95	13.53	12.96	12.65	12.46
(La/Yb)_N	14.46	11.04	10.71	25.33	4.23	7.01	18.51	17.10	17.13	21.24	18.78	18.80
δEu	0.69	0.82	0.81	0.48	0.35	0.31	0.83	0.77	0.86	0.85	0.86	0.81
注：-表示未检出.

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表 2 班公湖岛弧带洋盆闭合后形成的脉岩的锆石U-Pb同位素分析结果

Table 2. U-Pb isotope analysis results of zircon from the dykes formed after the closure of the Tethys oceanic basin in the Bangong lake island arc zone

岩石类型	样品号/分析号	²⁰⁶Pb_c(%)	U(10^-6)	Th(10^-6)	Th/U	Pb^*(10^-6)	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄(Ma)	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	1σ
花岗斑岩	B08-021-01	-	464.3	272.53	0.586970	7.809557	79.4	0.5	0.08316	0.00201	0.01240	0.00008
	B08-021-02	-	840.14	662.57	0.788642	15.14136	78.9	0.7	0.09284	0.00310	0.01232	0.00011
	B08-021-04	-	124.89	76.4	0.611738	2.117163	79	1	0.08937	0.00591	0.01239	0.00018
	B08-021-07	-	620.21	271.02	0.436981	10.13769	79.8	0.5	0.08172	0.00184	0.01245	0.00008
	B08-021-09	-	395.5	225.71	0.570695	6.705114	79.8	0.6	0.08839	0.00227	0.01246	0.00009
	B08-021-10	-	575.72	335.72	0.583131	9.597674	78.4	0.9	0.08623	0.00379	0.01224	0.00014
	B08-021-13	-	757.95	607.01	0.800858	13.32861	78.4	0.5	0.08609	0.00191	0.01224	0.00008
	B08-021-14	0.19	800.41	477.87	0.597032	13.57148	80	0.5	0.08344	0.00225	0.01249	0.00008
	B08-021-15	-	500.96	292.25	0.583380	8.490788	79.7	0.6	0.08550	0.00223	0.01244	0.00009
	B08-021-16	-	411.86	222.64	0.540572	6.943306	80.4	0.6	0.08793	0.00221	0.01255	0.00009
	B08-021-17	-	300.8	189.75	0.630818	5.097190	79.7	0.6	0.08383	0.00260	0.01244	0.00010
	B08-021-18	-	816.8	961.51	1.177167	16.56862	80	0.4	0.09091	0.00156	0.01248	0.00007
	B08-021-19	-	141.53	70.45	0.497774	2.341428	80	1	0.09174	0.00720	0.01243	0.00023
闪长玢岩	B08-011-01	2.98	208.9	149.1	0.713739	6.773065	129.4	0.9	0.13864	0.00544	0.02028	0.00014
	B08-011-02	3.31	191.13	114.43	0.598702	6.065559	128.9	0.9	0.13933	0.00532	0.02020	0.00014
	B08-011-03	-	215.21	66.9	0.310859	5.941502	130.7	0.9	0.15416	0.00412	0.02048	0.00015
	B08-011-04	-	319.92	72.56	0.226807	8.594291	131.9	0.8	0.14810	0.00275	0.02067	0.00012
	B08-011-06	-	154.05	162.67	1.055956	3.010571	77.9	0.6	0.09107	0.00263	0.01215	0.00009
	B08-011-10	1.48	226.5	241.91	1.068035	4.449303	77.1	0.6	0.07729	0.00312	0.01203	0.00010
	B08-011-11	-	127.13	126.01	0.991190	2.468350	79	1	0.09247	0.00538	0.01226	0.00017
	B08-011-12	5.89	226.74	317.38	1.399753	5.195432	75.4	0.6	0.08099	0.00444	0.01176	0.00010
	B08-011-13	-	131.1	65.33	0.498322	3.801205	133.5	0.9	0.15992	0.00382	0.02093	0.00015
	B08-011-14	4.97	137.97	140.04	1.015003	2.900800	76.4	0.7	0.08109	0.00465	0.01193	0.00010
	B08-011-16	5.72	166.98	211.07	1.264044	3.776840	77	1	0.08981	0.01054	0.01202	0.00021
	B08-011-18	1.48	248.32	117.35	0.472576	7.109877	131	1	0.13708	0.00556	0.02047	0.00017

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参考文献(34)

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