软弱地质体对挤压构造变形影响的物理模拟及其应用

徐子英; 孙珍; 周蒂; 张云帆; 孙龙涛; 赵中贤; 李付成

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2011.097

软弱地质体对挤压构造变形影响的物理模拟及其应用

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2011.097

徐子英^{1, 2},
孙珍^1, ,,
周蒂¹,
张云帆¹,
孙龙涛¹,
赵中贤^{1, 2},
李付成^{1, 2}

1.
中国科学院南海海洋研究所边缘海地质重点实验室, 广东广州 510301
2.
中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100049

基金项目:

中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目群项目 KZCX2-YW-Q05-04

国家重点基础研究发展“973”计划 2009CB219401

国家重点基础研究发展“973”计划 2007CB41170405

国家自然科学基金项目 40876026

详细信息

作者简介:
徐子英(1981—), 女, 博士研究生, 主要从事构造分析与油气系统模拟研究

通讯作者:
孙珍, E-mail: zhensun@scsio.ac.cn

中图分类号: P736.1
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2011-05-28
- 刊出日期: 2011-09-15

Discussion on the Influence of Weakness Body on Compression Structure Deformation Through Analogue Modeling and Its Application

XU Zi-ying^{1, 2},
SUN Zhen^{1
, ,},
ZHOU Di¹,
ZHANG Yun-fan¹,
SUN Long-tao¹,
ZHAO Zhong-xian^{1, 2},
LI Fu-cheng^{1, 2}

1.
CAS Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Guangzhou 510301, China
2.
Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

摘要

摘要: 为了研究软弱地质体对挤压构造变形的影响, 利用物理模拟方法, 设置了6组实验模型, 探讨软弱体不同面积、所处位置和挤压应力方向对构造变形的影响, 最后基于模拟结果, 讨论了软弱体对莺—琼两盆地凹陷中心挤压褶皱发育的影响.结果表明: 在挤压作用下, 软弱区先迅速隆起, 随后隆起向无软弱体区延伸发育, 软弱区隆起发育范围大于无软弱体区隆起范围, 且其褶皱变形比无软弱体区变形更强烈; 随着软弱体铺设面积不断增大, 软弱区的变形范围越来越大, 变形也越来越强烈, 而无软弱体区变形范围基本保持不变; 软弱区离所受挤压边界距离越近, 挤压构造变形发育就越早, 表现越强烈, 反之, 构造变形发育晚且表现弱; 正向挤压比斜向挤压形成的构造变形更强烈.由分析可知, 与莺—琼两盆地凹陷中心的挤压褶皱发育特征相关的因素主要是: 软弱体和其与受斜向挤压作用带间有一定距离.笔者推测, 斜压应力主要来源于印支地块的左旋挤出作用, 其褶皱个体发育的区域大小与软弱体初始面积大小有关.
- 琼东南盆地 /
- 莺歌海盆地 /
- 软弱地质体 /
- 构造 /
- 物理模拟 /
- 海洋地质
Abstract: To investigate the influence of weakness body on compression, we carry out six sets of analogue modeling experiments to study the impact of size, location as well as the force direction of weakness body on structural deformation.Based on the modeling results, effects of weakness body on compression structure deformation in the Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basin are discussed.Experiments show that during compression, uplift first appears and propagates rapidly in area with weakness body, then the uplift appears in non-weakness body, the uplift area in weakness body is bigger than that in area without weakness body, and its fold deformation is stronger than that of non-weakness body.With larger weakness body, the deformation region of weakness body becomes bigger, and the deformation gets stronger.However, the deformation region of non-weakness body stays stable.When the weakness body is located closer to compressive boundary, the deformation of compressive structures appears earlier and stronger; otherwise the deformation is later and weaker.The compressive deformation is stronger under normal compression than that under oblique compression.By experimental modeling, we conclude that the features of compression fold in middle sag of Yinggehai basin and Qiongdongnan basin may be related with distance of oblique compress boundary and the existence of weakness body, and the oblique compress stress comes from sinistral slip of Indochina block.Some fold size is connected with initial size of weakness body.
- Qiongdongnan basin /
- Yinggehai basin /
- weakness body /
- tectonics /
- analogue modeling /
- marine geology

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图 1 南海北部莺—琼盆地拉张因子分布特征及相关反转构造发育剖面

a.南海北部地壳拉张因子等值分布(改自Zhang et al., 2008); b.莺歌海盆地临高隆起地震解释剖面(钟志洪等, 2007);c.琼东南盆地南部坳陷测线结构

Fig. 1. The distribution of stretching factor and the profiles with inversion structures in the Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins, north of the South China Sea

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图 2 模拟实验系统及初始岩石圈流变结构

a.实验装置; b.实验剖面; c.正常岩石圈初始流变结构; d.含软弱体的岩石圈初始流变结构; 黑实线.理论曲线(据Brun et al., 1999); 虚线.实验曲线; VD.速度不连续带; BC.脆性地壳; DC.韧性地壳; BM.脆性地幔; DM.韧性地幔

Fig. 2. Experimental system and initial lithosphere rheological structures

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图 3 模型1:无软弱体正向挤压实验变形过程平面和剖面

a₁, b₁, c₁.原始平面、剖面图; a₂, b₂, c₂.解释图; 黑体向上箭头.挤压方向; 带有三角形的白实线.逆冲断层和倾向; 黑实线.剖面线; 图中代号下同

Fig. 3. Model 1: the surface and profile deformation of without weakness body and normal compression

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图 4 模型2:窄软弱体跨速度不连续带正向挤压实验变形过程平面图和剖面

黄色虚线框.软弱区大致位置; 黄色粘滞体.软弱体; 以下均同

Fig. 4. Model 2: the surface and profile deformation of narrow weakness body with stride VD and normal compression

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图 5 模型3:中等宽度软弱体跨速度不连续带正向挤压实验变形过程平面和剖面(图中代号及图例解释同图 3, 图 4)

Fig. 5. Model 3: the surface and profile deformation of moderate weakness body with stride VD and normal compression

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图 6 模型4:宽软弱体跨速度不连续带正向挤压实验变形过程平面和剖面(图中代号及图例解释同图 3, 图 4)

Fig. 6. Model 4: the surface and profile deformation of large weakness body with stride VD and normal compression

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图 7 模型5:软弱体远离速度不连续带分布和正向挤压实验变形过程平面和剖面(图中代号及图例解释同图 3, 图 4)

Fig. 7. Model 5: the surface and profile deformation of weakness body with far from VD and normal compression

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图 8 模型6:软弱体远离速度不连续带分布和斜向SE135°挤压实验变形过程平面和剖面图

黑色实线框.隆起范围; 红色实线.细小剪切断裂

Fig. 8. Model 6: the surface and profile deformation of weakness body with far from VD and oblique compression

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图 9 不同模型的隆起高度随加载的变化特点

实心标记为无软弱体区隆起高度; 空心标记为有软弱体区隆起高度

Fig. 9. Features of uplift height with the changed load of different models

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图 10 不同模型隆起宽度随加载的变化特征

实心标记为无软弱体区隆起高度; 空心标记为有软弱体区隆起高度

Fig. 10. Features of uplift wide with the changed load of different models

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表 1 实验材料与对应地质体参数

Table 1. 1 Parameters of the analogue materials and the natural counterpart

模拟对象	对应材料	密度(kg·m^-3)	粘度(Pa·s)	流变学特征
脆性上地壳和同构造沉积	松散石英砂	1 200		莫尔—库仑准则
韧性下地壳	砂+红色硅酮	1 300	10⁴~10⁵	指数定律
软弱体	黄色染料+丙醇	1 260	10¹~10²	牛顿流变定律

下载: 导出CSV

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