Evolution of Soil Organic Carbon Pool in Weinan Loess Region Since the Last Interglacial Period
-
摘要: 冰期-间冰期的陆地碳库变化成为最近十几年来碳循环研究的热点之一，以深海氧同位素、模型模拟和古环境证据等手段展开对不同时间尺度上不同碳库之间碳通量变化研究.土壤碳库的巨大储量导致了土壤碳库的任何微小波动都比陆地生态系统其他碳库更容易影响陆地生态系统碳循环以及大气CO2浓度，并最终影响到全球气候变化.通过对过去4万年来黄土高原地区土壤有机碳碳库的演变研究发现，深海氧同位素第3阶段期间，土壤有机碳碳密度相对于磁化率在细节上更能够表现出气候的小波动，这一期间的土壤有机碳碳密度快速上升，在较高的水平上多次波动，可能是因为这一时期的气候环境整体上更适宜碳在黄土古土壤中的累积和保存.在末次盛冰期(LGM)时，土壤有机碳碳密度急剧下降，伴随气候的快速波动，其间有一次较大规模的反弹，持续约2 ka，最低值出现在14 ka BP和19 ka BP.对比深海氧同位素曲线，土壤有机碳碳库与其在末次盛冰期和全新世都表现出良好的一致性.而磁化率在大约15 ka BP以后就开始增加，似乎超前于土壤有机碳碳密度和深海氧同位素的增加.并且，在全新世早期到晚期土壤有机碳碳密度经历了逐渐上升继而下降的变化过程，该时段的最高值出现在大约7~5 ka BP.Abstract: Glacial-interglacial change in terrestrial carbon pools is an unknown issue in paleo-carbon cycle research. Carbon flux between carbon pools in different time scales has been studied from marine isotope, model simulating and paleo-environmental evidence by many scientists. Any tiny fluctuation of soil carbon pool with vast carbon reserves would affect ecosystem more easily than other terrestrial carbon pools and atmospheric CO2 concentration, and in turn impacted global climate finally. In this paper, the evolution of carbon density of soil organic matter (SOCD) in south of Chinese loess plateau over the past 40 ka was studied. It was found that SOCD in MIS-3 was more intensive than magnetic susceptibility in the details to explain tiny fluctuations. SOCD increased rapidly and fluctuated several times in high level in MIS-3. It may be because climate in this period was more suitable for soil organic carbon's accumulation and preservation in loess and paleosoil. In the last glacial maximum (LGM), SOCD decreased sharply as climate rapidly fluctuated. During the period, there was a climatic and SOCD rebounding event that lasted for about 2 ka and the minimum SOCD value occurred at ~14 ka BP and ~19 ka BP. Compared with the marine oxygen isotope, the trends of soil organic carbon pool in LGM and Holocene were similar. The magnetic susceptibility began to increase at 15 ka, and the increase seemed to be prior to SOCD and marine oxygen isotope. At the early time of Holocene, SOCD increased gradually and then decreased, and the maximum was at about 7-5 ka BP.
-
图 2 渭南黄土古土壤剖面全碳和有机碳含量
Fig. 2. The content of total carbon and total organic carbon in Weinan section
图 3 古地表以下30 cm内3个10 cm厚黄土层的有机碳(SOC)含量
Fig. 3. Curves of soil organic carbon of 3 10 cm loess layers under the paleo-ground surface
-
[1] Batjes, N.H., 1996. Total carbon and nitrogen in the soils of the world. European Journal of Soil Science, 47: 151-163. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2389.1996.tb01386.x [2] Dean, W.E., 1999. The carbon cycle and biogeochemical dynamics in lake sediments. Journal of Paleolimnology, 21(4): 375-393. doi: 10.1023/A:1008066118210 [3] Ding, Z.L., Derbyshire, E., Yang, S.L., et al., 2002. Stacked 2.6 Ma grain size record from the Chinese loess based on five sections and correlation with the deep-sea δ18O record. Paleoceanography, 17(3): 1033. doi: 10.1029/2001PA000725 [4] Fang, J.Y., Liu, G.H., Xu, S.L., 1996. Biomass and net production of forest vegetation in China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 16(5): 497-508 (in China with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/284688688_Biomass_and_net_production_of_forest_vegetation_in_China [5] Feely, R.A., Sabine, C.L., Key, R.M., et al., 1999. CO2 survey synthesis results: estimating the anthropogenic carbon dioxide sink in the Pacific Ocean. U.S. JGOFS News, 9: 1-16. [6] Guo, Z.T., Liu, D.S., An, Z.S., 1994. Paleosols of the last 0.15 Ma in the Weinan loess section and their paleoclimatic significance. Quaternary Sciences, (3): 256-269 (in China with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DSJJ199403006.htm [7] Han, J.M., Jiang, W.Y., Liu, D.S., et al., 1996. The isotopic records in loess calcate of paleoclimate change. Science in China (Ser. D), 26: 399-404 (in Chinese). [8] Hansen, J., Sato, M., Ruedy, R., et al., 2006. Global temperature change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 103(39): 14288-14293. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0606291103 [9] Imbrie, J., Boyle, E.A., Clemens, S.C., et al., 1992. On the structure and origin of major glaciation cycles 1: linear responses to Milankovitch forcing. Paleoceanography, 7(6): 701-738. doi: 10.1029/92PA02253 [10] IPCC, 2001. Climate change 2001: the science of climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. [11] Jin, F., Yang, H., Cai, Z.C., et al., 2001. Calculation of density and reserve of organic carbon in soils. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 38(4): 522-528 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-TRXB200104009.htm [12] King, A.W., Emanuel, W.R., Wullschleger, S.D., et al., 1995. A search of the missing carbon sink: a model of terrestrial biospheric response to land-use change and atmospheric CO2. Tellus, 47(4): 501-519. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.47.issue4.9.x [13] Kukla, G., Heller, F., Liu, X.M., et al., 1988. Pleistocene climates in China dated by magnetic susceptibility. Geology, 16(9): 811-814. doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<0811:PCICDB>2.3.CO;2 [14] Li, T.J., Zheng, Y.S., Wang, Y., 1983. Soil geography. Higher Education Press, Beijing, 59-95 (in Chinese). [15] Liu, D.S., 1985. Loess and environment. Science Press, Beijing, 29-296 (in Chinese). [16] Liu, J.Q., Chen, T.M., Nie, G.Z., et al., 1994. Datings and reconstruction of the high resolution time series in the Weinan loess section of the last 150 000 years. Quaternary Sciences, (3): 193-202 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/312662945_Dating_and_reconstruction_of_the_high_resolution_time_series_in_the_Weinan_loess_section_of_the_last_150000_years [17] Liu, Z.W., Pan, K.W., 2005. Problems in Olson's litter decomposition model and its revision. Journal of Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry, 33(1): 69-70 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://europepmc.org/abstract/CBA/575422 [18] Lü, H.Y., Liu, D.S., Wu, N.Q., et al., 1999. Phytolith record of vegetation succession in the southern loess plateau since Late Pleistocene. Quaternary Sciences, (4): 336-349 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/284987929_Phytolith_record_of_vegetation_succession_in_the_southern_Loess_Plateau_since_Late_Pleistocene [19] Morozova, T.D., Velichko, A.A., Dlussky, K.G., 1998. Organic carbon content in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene fossil soils (reconstruction for eastern Europe). Global and Planetary Change, 16-17: 131-151. doi: 10.1016/S0921-8181(98)00027-7 [20] Post, W.M., Emanuel, W.R., Zinke, P.J., et al., 1982. Soil carbon pools and world life zones. Nature, 298: 156-159. doi: 10.1038/298156a0 [21] Post, W.M., Peng, T.H., Emanuel, W.R., et al., 1990. The global carbon cycle. American Scientist, 78: 310-326. [22] Qin, X.G., Cai, B.G., Liu, T.S., 2005. Loess record of the aerodynamic environment in the East Asia monsoon area since 60 000 years before present. Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth, 110(B01204): 16. doi: 10.1029/2004JB003131 [23] Qin, X.G., Li, C.S., Cai, B.G., 2001. The sensitivity simulation of climate impact on C pools of loess. Quaternary Sciences, 21(2): 153-161 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/284048269_The_sensitivity_simulation_of_climate_impact_on_C_pools_of_loess [24] Schimel, D.S., House, J.I., Hibbard, K.A., et al., 2001. Recent patterns and mechanisms of carbon exchange by terrestrial ecosystems. Nature, 414(6860): 169-172. doi: 10.1038/35102500 [25] Shi, P.L., Yu, G.R., Wang, S.Q., et al., 2003. Research of carbon cycle and carbon storage in Chinese terrestrial ecosystem. In: Yu, G.R., et al., eds., Global change, carbon cycle and storage in terrestrial system. Meteorological Press, Beijing, 396-442 (in Chinese). [26] Starkel, L., 1998. Continental water cycle and carbon reservoirs and their relationships in the past. Global and Planetary Change, 16-17: 153-158. doi: 10.1016/S0921-8181(98)00028-9 [27] Sun, X.J., Song, C.Q., Wang, B.Y., et al., 1995. The vegetation at south of Loess plateau at last 100 ka—the pollen records of Weinan section in Shaanxi. Science Bulletin, 40(13): 1222-1224 (in Chinese). [28] Velichko, A.A., Zelikson, E.M., Borisova, O.K., 1999. Vegetation, phytomass and carbon storage in northern Eurasia during the last glacial-interglacial cycle and the Holocene. Chemical Geology, 159(1-4): 191-204. doi: 10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00029-7 [29] Wang, S.Q., Zhou, C.H., 1999. Estimating soil carbon reservior of terrestrial ecosystem in China. Geographical Research, 18(4): 349-356 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/284651662_Estimating_soil_carbon_reservoir_of_terrestrial_ecosystem_in_China [30] Wen, Q.Z., Diao, G.Y., Jia, R.F., et al., 1996. Geochemical indicators and their significance in paleoclimatic changes in Weinan loess section since the last interglacial. Geochimica, 25(6): 529-535 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.researchgate.net/publication/292016762_Geochemical_indicators_and_their_significance_in_paleoclimatic_changes_in_Weinan_loess_section_since_the_last_interglacial [31] Wu, N.Q., Lü, H.Y., Sun, X.J., 1994. Climate transfer function from opal phytolith and its application in paleoclimate reconstruction of China loesspaleosol sequence. Quaternary Sciences, 3: 270-279 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DSJJ199403007.htm [32] 方精云, 刘国华, 徐嵩龄, 1996. 我国森林植被的生物量和净生产量. 生态学报, 16(5): 497-508. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-STXB605.006.htm [33] 郭正堂, 刘东生, 安芷生, 1994. 渭南黄土沉积中十五万年来的古土壤及其形成时的古环境. 第四纪研究, (3): 256-269. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7410.1994.03.007 [34] 韩家懋, 姜文英, 刘东生, 等, 1996. 黄土碳酸盐中古气候变化的同位素记录. 中国科学(D辑), 26(5): 399-404. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1006-9267.1996.05.001 [35] 金峰, 杨浩, 蔡祖聪, 等, 2001. 土壤有机碳密度及储量的统计研究. 土壤学报, 38(4): 522-528. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0564-3929.2001.04.010 [36] 李天杰, 郑应顺, 王云, 1983. 土壤地理学. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 59-95. [37] 刘东生, 1985. 黄土与环境. 北京: 科学出版社, 29-296. [38] 刘嘉麒, 陈铁梅, 聂高众, 等, 1994. 渭南黄土剖面的年龄测定及十五万年来高分辨时间序列的建立. 第四纪研究, (3): 193-202. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7410.1994.03.001 [39] 刘增文, 潘开文, 2005. Olson枯落物分解模型存在的问题与修正. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 33(1): 69-70. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1671-9387.2005.01.016 [40] 吕厚远, 刘东生, 吴乃琴, 等, 1999. 末次间冰期以来黄土高原南部植被演替的植物硅酸体记录. 第四纪研究, (4): 336-349. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7410.1999.04.006 [41] 秦小光, 李长生, 蔡炳贵, 2001. 气候变化对黄土碳库效应影响的敏感性研究. 第四纪研究, 21(2): 153-161. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7410.2001.02.008 [42] 石培礼, 于贵瑞, 王绍强, 等, 2003. 中国陆地生态系统碳循环与碳储量研究进展. 见: 于贵瑞, 等主编, 全球变化与陆地生态系统碳循环与碳蓄积. 北京: 气象出版社, 396-442. [43] 孙湘君, 宋长青, 王琫瑜, 等, 1995. 黄土高原南缘10万年以来的植被——陕西渭南黄土剖面的花粉记录. 科学通报, 40(13): 1222-1224. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0023-074X.1995.13.020 [44] 王绍强, 周成虎, 1999. 中国陆地土壤有机碳库的估算. 地理研究, 18(4): 349-356. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0585.1999.04.003 [45] 文启忠, 刁桂仪, 贾蓉芬, 等, 1996. 末次间冰期以来渭南黄土剖面地球化学指标所反映的古气候变化. 地球化学, 25(6): 529-535. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0379-1726.1996.06.001 [46] 吴乃琴, 吕厚远, 孙湘君, 等, 1994. 植物硅酸体-气候因子转换函数及其在渭南晚冰期以来古环境研究中的应用. 第四纪研究, 3: 270-279. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-7410.1994.03.008 -
下载:
点击查看大图
图(4)
计量
- 文章访问数: 212
- HTML全文浏览量: 168
- PDF下载量: 5
- 被引次数: 0
