Coupling Process of Sedimentary Basin-Orogenic Belt Induced by Detrital Fission Track Ages of Zanda Basin
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摘要: 札达盆地是中新世9.5 Ma以来发育的新生代沉积盆地.沉积厚度、砾石成分和古流向分析显示札达盆地新生代沉积的物源主要来自盆地北部的阿伊拉日居山系.札达盆地系列样品碎屑锆石裂变径迹年龄结构显示存在两个明显的峰值年龄区间, 分别为12.6~15.3 Ma(P1峰值年龄)与19.8~22.2 Ma(P2峰值年龄).锆石裂变径迹年龄的滞后时间(lag time)与沉积时代对比分析显示, P1和P2峰值年龄为快速冷却事件的静态峰, 与北部阿伊拉日居地区基岩U-Pb年代研究揭示的热事件时间具有良好的可对比性.因此, 札达盆地碎屑裂变径迹年龄两个峰值年龄区间记录了源区阿伊拉日居的两次构造事件, 可能对应于喀喇昆仑断裂在中新世的两次强烈的构造活动.综合碎屑锆石、磷灰石裂变径迹年龄信息, 估算源区在32.6~9.5 Ma之间的平均冷却速率是15.4 ℃/Ma, 上新世末期—第四纪(3.6~1.4 Ma)之间再次发生了一次快速的隆升剥露事件.札达盆地中新生代沉积地层碎屑裂变径迹热年代学结构与喀喇昆仑断裂东南段阿伊拉日居的热事件年龄格局吻合, 从碎屑裂变径迹年代学角度揭示了造山带地区的盆山耦合过程.Abstract: Zanda basin, formed in 9.5 Ma, is a Cenozoic sedimentary basin which lies in the converging range between the Himalaya tectonic belt and Karakorum tectonic belt. The Neogene strata in the basin are integrated, continuous and horizontal, showing a steady tectonic condition since Miocene. Analysis of sedimentary section indicates that ancient flow direction is northwest to southeast, while the modern flow direction of river—Xiangquan River is southeast to northwest, opposite to the ancient flow direction. Analysis of sendimentary construction and the composition of gravel displays that the sedimentary source is Ayila Rijyu northwest of Zanda basin. P1, P2 peak ages of Zanda basin are 12.6—15.3 Ma and 19.8—22.2 Ma respectively, which is consistent with the thermal event age of Ayila Rijyu. P1, P2 are of static peak ages, reflecting the rapid cooling event such as normal faulting based on the DZFT research of lag time and depositional time by Bernet and Garver. It is found by thermal history analysis of zircon and apatite fission track that the cooling rate of source area is 15.4 ℃/Ma at 32.6—9.5 Ma, and there was a rapid uplift and exhumation at the same time in the source region at 3.6—1.4 Ma reflected by zircon and apatite fission track ages. P1, P2 peak ages of modern river zircon samples of Karakurom belt are 10.5—10.8 Ma and 27.7—30.9 Ma respectively, showing the thermal events of Ayila Rijyu. Comparing the FT ages and depositional information of Zanda basin and orogenetic belt, it is shown that Zanda basin is Cenozoic sedimentary basin determined by southeast of Karakorum fault; Zanda basin and Ayila Rijyu Moutain are a typical coupling process by identical FT thermochronology structure.
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Key words:
- Zanda basin /
- fission track /
- Ayila Rijyu Moutain /
- Karakorum fault
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图 1 研究区地质构造简图及样品分布
1.前中生代地层；2.中生代砂岩、浅变质岩；3.新生代花岗岩；4.新近纪地层；5.第四系；6.古近纪地层；7.古近纪火山岩；8.蛇绿混杂岩；9.现代湖泊；10.现代水系；11.中生代混杂岩；12.逆冲断层；13.拆离断层；14.右行走滑断层；15.裂变径迹样品点；YZS.雅鲁藏布江缝合带；KKF.喀喇昆仑断裂；STD.藏南拆离系；MCT.主中央断裂；MBT.主边界断裂
Fig. 1. Sketch map showing geological tectonic and sample distribution of the research area
图 2 札达盆地新近纪地层沉积剖面磁性年龄、样品分布与砾石长轴定向
Fig. 2. Map showing depositional strata, magnetism ages, sample distribution and gravel long axial direction of Tertiary sedimentary section, Zanda basin
图 3 札达盆地砾石层砾石长轴形态
Fig. 3. Long axis configurations of gravel in gravel strata, Zanda basin
图 4 札达盆地新近纪沉积剖面中板状斜层理定向
Fig. 4. Map showing the tabular oblique bedding direction of Tertiary sedimentary section, Zanda basin
图 5 ZFT年龄-样品沉积年龄分布(a)和滞后时间趋势(b)
Fig. 5. Distribution of ZFT ages and depositional ages (a) and the trending of ZFT lag time (b)
表 1 札达盆地碎屑锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹(FT)年龄测试结果
Table 1. Detrital zircon and apatite fission track dating ages, Zanda basin
样品号 沉积年代(Ma) 颗粒数(N) ρd(105cm-2)(Nd) Ps(106cm-2)(Ns) Pi(106cm-2)(Ni) U(ug·g-1) P(x2)(%) P1t age(Ma±1σ)(%) P2t age(Ma±1σ)(%) P3t age(Ma±1σ)(%) Central age(Ma±1σ)(%) 锆石裂变径迹 S15-2-1 9.1 50 4.031(2 822) 5.02(4 395) 3.42(2 992) 338 0 17.8±2.3(2.5) 33.2±1.4(87.3) 67.1±4.9(10.3) 34.9±1.6 S15-34-1 8.2 50 4.022(2 815) 4.67(4 195) 3.39(3 044) 335 0 17.8±2.3(10.1) 29.5±1.5(63.9) 54.0±5.0(26) 32.5±1.9 S15-88-1 5.8 51 4.012(2 808) 2.02(1 644) 2.66(1 992) 264 0 15.3±0.6(92.2) 218±35(7.8) 18.3±1.6 S15-117-1 4.0 50 4.002(2 801) 4.35(2 825) 3.20(2 079) 319 0 14.9±1.5(8.9) 28.6±1.1(76.1) 209.3±29(15) 33.6±2.9 S15-132-1 3.6 50 3.993(2 795) 2.51(2 308) 2.97(2 723) 296 0 14.0±1.1(28.5) 22.2±1.1(69.6) 45.0±14(1.8) 19.7±0.9 S15-140-1 2.8 51 3.983(2 788) 2.10(1 922) 2.72(2 490) 272 0.1 13.9±1.1(42) 21.3±1.2(58) 17.9±0.8 S12-16-1 Q 50 3.973(2 781) 4.25(4 154) 3.50(3 421) 351 0 21.3±1.2(31.9) 33.0±1.3(68.1) 28.4±1.2 S12-34-1 Q 50 3.963(2 774) 3.67(3 227) 5.88(5 174) 591 0 12.6±0.6(64.4) 19.8±1.0(35.6) 14.7±0.6 磷灰石裂变径迹 S15-2-1 9.1 50 3.210(3 443) 4.53(994) 1.99(4 369) 25 0 27.1±2.5(55.5) 47.6±4.4(40.1) 127.5±24.5(4.4) 38.0±3.3 S15-34-1 8. 2 44 3.295(3 438) 3.25(615) 1.36(2 565) 16 0 33.0±2.5(93) 163.1±21(7) 37.5±4.5 S15-88-1 5.8 15 3.244(3 441) 2.99(145) 1.39(673) 17 10.4 31.6±5.2(72.9) 54.6±17.4(7.8) 36.9±4.5 S15-117-1 4.0 50 3.261(3 440) 5.24(1 044) 2.56(5 103) 31 0 24.1±2.2(61.2) 45.5±4.5(34.7) 185.7±26(4) 35±3.9 S15-132-1 3.6 34 3.278(3 439) 2.70(391) 1.67(2 425) 20 32.5 26.6±3.2(92.4) 39.4±29(7.6) 27.4±2.2 S15-140-1 2.8 45 3.295(3 438) 2.16(508) 1.48(3 483) 18 1.3 24.4±1.8(97.8) 168.0±78(2.2) 25.1±1.9 S12-34-1 Q 25 2.956(3 460) 4.81(483) 5.27(5 296) 71 4.0 7.8±2.1(7.6) 14.8±1.1(92.4) 14.3±1.1 
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表 2 研究区盆山耦合热事件对比
Table 2. Coupling thermal event of sedimentary basin and its source mountain
札达盆地沉积碎屑(FT峰值年龄)(Ma) 源区阿伊拉日居山地区(热事件年龄)(Ma) 12.6~15.3 13.7~15.8 19.8~22.2 22~25 28.6~33.2 32~35
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