Generation, Migration and Accumulation Model for the Marine Oils in the Tarim Basin
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摘要: 塔里木盆地油气源长期争论不休.采用单体烃同位素、包裹体成分与年代指示生物标志物等途径, 对塔里木盆地塔中、轮南典型油气藏进行了油气成因与混源成藏模式的研究.结果表明, 塔中、轮南绝大部分原油生物标志物与中上奥陶统烃源岩相似, 仅少部分原油显现与寒武系—下奥陶统烃源岩相近的特征, 但正构烷烃单体烃碳同位素分析表明, 原油绝大部分实质仍为混源油.塔中包裹烃成分分析进一步证实了原油的混源特性.利用同位素进行的混源定量结果表明, 塔中原油中寒武系—下奥陶统成因原油的混入量约为11%~100%(均值45%); 轮南地区约为11%~70%(均值36%), 表明寒武系—下奥陶统、中上奥陶统均为塔里木盆地的主力烃源岩.油气运移地化指标与地质条件的综合研究认为, 塔中地区断层是油气运移的重要通道, 塔中I号断层与斜交的走滑断层的交汇点是油气的主要注入点; 轮南地区侧向运移特征较明显.研究区存在调整型、多期充注型与原生型多种混源成藏模式.塔里木海相油气的普遍混源表明深层仍有油气勘探潜能.揭示海相混源油气成藏机制是指导塔里木海相油气勘探的关键.Abstract: The origin and accumulation mechanism of the marine oils in the Tarim basin has long been a disputed issue. Compound specific isotope, fluid inclusion technique and age-indicating biomarkers have been used in investigating hydrocarbons generation and migration in this study. It is observed that most of the oils in the Tazhong and Lunnan uplifts correspond well with the Middle-Upper Ordovician source rocks according to biomarkers, suggesting their good genetic relationship. However, the compound specific isotope of n-alkanes shows that the oils are primarily mixed oils from both the ∈-O1 and the O2+3 strata, which is further proved by chemical components in fluid inclusions. It is predicated by δ13C of n-alkanes that, the ∈-O1 genetic affinity oils mixed in the Tazhong oils range in 11%-100% (average of 45%), and about 11%-70% (average of 36%) in the Lunnan oils, which suggests that both the ∈-O1 and the O2+3 are the main source intervals for the oils in the Tarim basin. A comprehensive study of migration fractionations of biomarkers and geological conditions shows that, No.1 fault and the associated faults played an essential role in hydrocarbons migration with several main charging points observed where strike slip faults cutting across the No.1 fault. However, lateral migration is an important pattern for the Lunnan oils. Several oil-mixing models are concluded including adjusting type with oil mixing during hydrocarbons re-migration and re-accumulation, multiple-charging type with hydrocarbons from different episodes, and primary type with oil mixed during secondary migration pathway even during primary migration. Our opinion of intensive oil mixing in the Tarim basin suggests great deep petroleum potential in the basin, and unraveling hydrocarbons-accumulation mechanism is significant for further petroleum exploration.
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Key words:
- biomarkers /
- compound specific isotope /
- fluid inclusion /
- oil mixing model /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 塔中中央隆起构造单元与部分油样位置
①Ⅰ号断裂带；②TZ47-15井区；③TZ2井区；④TZ16井区；⑤TZ4井区；⑥TZ1-6井区
Fig. 1. Tectonic units and location of oil samples in the Tazhong uplift
图 2 塔中部分原油m/z=217质量色谱
Fig. 2. Partial m/z=217 mass fragmentograms for selected oils in the Tazhong uplift
图 3 塔中原油、烃源岩生物标志物参数对比指示混源
Fig. 3. Oil-oil and oil-source rock correlation showing mixed sources of the Tazhong oils
图 4 塔中原油、烃源岩正构烷烃单体同位素指示原油混源
Fig. 4. δ13C values of individual n-alkanes for oils and source rock in the Tazhong uplift and the peripheral zone indicating oil mixing
图 5 塔中碳酸盐岩储层方解石脉包裹烃m/z=218质量色谱
Fig. 5. Partial m/z=218 mass fragmentograms of the fluid inclusion oils from Carbonate reservoir in the Tazhong uplift
图 6 塔中Ⅰ号构造带东西向原油基本地球化学参数指示油气运移特征
纵坐标.样品代号，按地理位置从左向右排列；MNR.甲基萘指数；MPI—1.甲基菲指数I；4, 9—/3, 4—DAD.4, 9—/3, 4—二甲基金刚烷；黑箭头指示油气注入点，一般为转换断层发育附近
Fig. 6. Geochemical parameters of the oils around the No.1 fault indicating basic oil migration features
图 7 塔中、轮南地区∈—O1成因原油混入量与埋深关系
Fig. 7. Percent of ∈—O1 genetic affinity oils mixed versus oil burial depth
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