Zircon U-Pb Age and Petrochemical Characteristics of Shimian Granite in Western Sichuan: Petrogenesis and Tectonic Significance
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摘要: 扬子西缘新元古代岩浆岩分布广泛, 目前对其成因和构造背景还存在很大争议.对扬子西缘康滇裂谷北段石棉花岗岩体进行了系统的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄、岩石学和元素-Nd同位素地球化学研究, 结果表明该岩体是弱铝质的高钾钙碱性Ⅰ型花岗岩, 形成于818±7 Ma, 是由前存年轻(中元古代末-新元古代初)岛弧地壳物质部分熔融形成的, 并混染了少量古老地壳物质.石棉花岗岩形成于扬子地块西缘由会聚挤压向陆内伸展的转折时期, 其"岛弧地球化学特征"是继承了源岩的地球化学特征的结果, 不代表其形成时的构造环境.Abstract: Neoproterozoic magmatic rocks are widespread in western margin of the Yangtze block, and their genesis and tectonic setting have been an issue in hot debate at the present time. SHRIMP U-Pb zircon age, petrology, geochemical and Nd isotopic data are reported for the Neoproterozoic Shimian granite in the Kangdian rift of western Sichuan. This pluton is of metaluminous high-K calc-alkalic I-type granite and emplaced at 818±7 Ma. Petrology, geochemical and Nd isotopic characters suggest that the pluton was generated by partial melting of pre-existing, young (Late Mesoproterozoic to Early Neoproterozoic) island arc crust, with contamination of old crust materials during magma ascending and emplacement. The Shimian granite is the product of the tectonic transition from compression to introplate extension in western margin of the Yangtze block. Their arc-like geochemical features (such as Nb-Ta depletion) should have been inherited from the protoliths, rather than reflection of their tectonic setting when the pluton formed.
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Key words:
- granite /
- Kangdian rift /
- Neoproterozoic /
- tectonic setting /
- geochemistry /
- geochronology
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图 1 川西泸定-石棉地区前寒武纪地质略图
右上角插图为华南新元古代裂谷系构造简图(Li et al., 1999)
Fig. 1. Simplified Precambrian geological map of the Luding-Shimian region, western Sichuan
图 2 石棉花岗岩的锆石U-Pb谐和图解(a)和代表性锆石阴极发光图像(b)
Fig. 2. U-Pb zircon concordia diagram (a) and representative zircons CL images (b) for Shimian granite, western Sichuan
图 3 石棉花岗岩的(a)K2O-SiO2图解(Peccerillo and Taylor, 1976)和(b)(K2O+Na2O)-SiO2岩石分类图解(Middlemost, 1994)
Fig. 3. Plots of (a) K2O-SiO2 and (b) (K2O+Na2O)-SiO2 for classification of Shimian granite, western Sichuan
图 4 石棉花岗岩的Harker图解
Fig. 4. Chemical variation diagrams for Shimian granite, western Sichuan
图 5 石棉花岗岩样品的稀土元素分布形式(a)和微量元素蛛网图(b)
球粒陨石和MORB数据引自Sun and McDonough, 1989
Fig. 5. Chondrite-normalized REE diagram (a) and MORB-normalized spidergram (b) for Shimian granite
图 6 川西石棉花岗岩构造判别图(Pearce et al., 1984)
(a)Nb-Y判别图；(b)Rb-(Y+Nb)判别图
Fig. 6. Tectonic discrimination diagrams for Shimian granite, western Sichuan
表 1 川西石棉花岗岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb同位素分析结果
Table 1. SHRIMP U-Pb isotopic data for zircons from Shimian granite in western Sichuan
点号 Th(μg/g) U(μg/g) Th/U 206Pb*(%) 207Pb/206Pb±1σ 206Pb/238U±1σ 207Pb/235U±1σ 206Pb/238U±1σ(Ma) 207Pb/206Pb±1σ(Ma) 1 173 219 0.81 0.17 0.069 49±0.000 67 0.124 7±0.000 7 1.172±0.014 757±4 872±22 2 69 99 0.72 0.63 0.071 08±0.000 93 0.139 0±0.001 1 1.261±0.036 838±6 801±57 3 57 113 0.52 0.99 0.071 76±0.000 85 0.135 3±0.001 0 1.186±0.037 817±6 727±64 4 211 203 1.07 0.76 0.072 86±0.000 76 0.142 5±0.000 9 1.308±0.027 858±5 824±41 5 160 264 0.63 0.52 0.067 65±0.000 55 0.136 8±0.000 8 1.194±0.019 826±4 719±32 6 92 161 0.59 0.80 0.070 25±0.000 72 0.136 6±0.000 9 1.197±0.029 825±5 727±50 7 92 143 0.67 0.91 0.070 10±0.000 76 0.138 7±0.000 9 1.196±0.034 836±5 693±58 8 147 317 0.48 0.35 0.067 79±0.000 49 0.136 9±0.000 7 1.226±0.017 827±4 772±28 9 69 119 0.60 1.15 0.071 60±0.001 40 0.134 6±0.001 0 1.150±0.042 813±5 673±77 10 77 126 0.63 0.73 0.070 48±0.000 81 0.135 2±0.000 9 1.202±0.029 817±5 756±50 11 174 210 0.85 0.51 0.070 54±0.000 78 0.137 6±0.000 8 1.259±0.023 831±5 817±37 12 58 119 0.50 0.40 0.070 00±0.001 20 0.134 1±0.001 0 1.234±0.034 811±6 829±56 13 51 96 0.55 0.46 0.073 00±0.001 50 0.132 8±0.001 0 1.266±0.037 803±6 904±59 14 143 198 0.75 0.12 0.068 81±0.000 64 0.133 8±0.000 8 1.250±0.017 809±4 863±35 15 54 92 0.60 0.76 0.074 40±0.001 50 0.136 1±0.001 0 1.279±0.041 822±6 873±64 16 115 182 0.66 0.39 0.071 10±0.001 20 0.131 1±0.000 8 1.227±0.028 794±5 865±45 17 148 162 0.94 0.48 0.071 49±0.000 69 0.132 5±0.000 8 1.233±0.021 801±5 854±34 注：206Pb*表示普通206Pb占总206Pb的百分比；采用204Pb校正方法计算年龄. 
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表 2 川西石棉花岗岩主量元素(%)和微量元素(μg/g)分析结果
Table 2. Major (%) and trace element (μg/g) analyses of Shimian granite in western Sichuan
样号 04KD20-6 04KD20-10 04KD21-4 04KD23-1 04KD23-4 04KD24-2 98KD71 98KD72 98KD74 98KD86 主量元素(%) SiO2 77.83 77.23 71.19 71.02 71.98 76.28 74.57 76.26 74.69 77.19 TiO2 0.08 0.08 0.35 0.32 0.35 0.11 0.19 0.09 0.11 0.13 Al2O3 11.87 12.26 14.16 13.44 14.18 12.37 13.38 12.47 12.18 11.52 TFe2O3 1.65 1.68 3.58 3.91 3.39 1.62 1.91 1.47 1.59 1.63 MnO 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 MgO 0.16 0.16 0.38 0.36 0.36 0.09 0.36 0.01 0.19 0.16 CaO 0.20 0.14 2.00 1.92 2.07 0.60 0.47 0.41 0.82 0.33 K2O 5.03 5.27 4.11 4.50 3.75 5.16 4.20 4.70 6.01 5.52 Na2O 3.00 3.06 3.37 3.22 3.33 2.74 3.83 3.53 2.56 2.52 P2O5 0.01 0.01 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.01 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.04 烧失 0.51 0.41 0.85 0.58 0.75 0.47 0.22 0.46 0.79 0.47 总量 100.36 100.31 100.10 99.40 100.27 99.46 99.22 99.46 99.00 99.52 A/CNK 1.11 1.12 1.04 0.98 1.07 1.11 1.14 1.07 1.00 1.08 (Ga/Al)×104 2.66 2.53 2.64 2.54 2.53 2.45 2.55 2.85 2.19 3.53 微量元素(μg/g) Ga 16.70 16.40 19.90 18.30 19.10 16.20 18.20 19.00 14.30 21.70 Rb 261.00 244.00 170.00 189.00 165.00 229.00 142.00 206.00 204.00 368.00 Sr 15.30 15.20 178.00 117.00 179.00 81.00 64.70 18.20 64.30 7.21 Y 41.20 56.30 49.00 44.80 41.90 29.10 28.30 39.50 33.30 72.20 Zr 85.20 109.00 195.00 240.00 185.00 113.00 179.00 84.80 143.00 177.00 Nb 18.00 14.30 15.90 13.90 15.20 8.61 12.50 13.00 11.70 18.00 Ba 93.60 96.20 608.00 827.00 469.00 274.00 739.00 175.00 976.00 65.70 La 16.70 22.50 54.30 63.60 63.10 36.20 35.10 38.20 35.60 66.10 Ce 36.10 47.10 109.00 128.00 127.00 75.30 72.70 79.60 71.30 131.00 Pr 4.70 6.13 13.70 15.40 15.70 9.01 8.79 9.92 8.80 16.60 Nd 18.00 23.00 48.10 54.90 53.70 30.60 32.30 35.30 31.10 55.80 Sm 4.56 5.81 9.73 9.64 9.77 5.64 5.98 7.18 6.03 11.90 Eu 0.14 0.16 1.23 1.22 1.19 0.63 0.94 0.41 0.56 0.33 Gd 4.96 6.09 8.52 8.11 7.87 4.54 5.33 6.25 5.31 11.50 Tb 1.00 1.23 1.41 1.36 1.25 0.73 0.87 1.05 0.89 2.04 Dy 6.59 8.52 8.72 7.88 7.57 4.55 5.19 6.47 5.88 12.80 Ho 1.50 1.94 1.79 1.58 1.56 1.00 1.03 1.35 1.22 2.63 Er 4.40 5.84 5.25 4.56 4.46 3.15 2.85 4.12 3.69 7.65 Tm 0.76 0.99 0.83 0.68 0.72 0.55 0.47 0.70 0.61 1.24 Yb 5.06 6.51 5.47 4.53 4.59 3.80 3.30 5.15 4.16 7.90 Lu 0.79 1.07 0.84 0.70 0.72 0.62 0.48 0.81 0.64 1.15 Hf 3.89 4.18 6.09 6.68 5.46 4.03 5.55 3.51 4.81 7.07 Ta 2.22 1.58 1.39 1.17 1.28 1.06 1.19 1.80 1.29 2.02 Th 23.20 30.10 22.90 21.50 23.00 27.10 19.30 23.60 22.00 57.80 U 4.72 6.21 4.74 3.56 6.08 5.38 3.94 4.41 4.33 8.04 注：A/CNK=Al2O3/(CaO+Na2O+K2O)(摩尔比)；TFe2O3为全铁.
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表 3 川西石棉花岗岩Sm-Nd同位素分析结果
Table 3. Sm-Nd isotopic data for Shimian granite in western Sichuan
样品号 Sm(μg/g) Nd(μg/g) 147Sm/144Nd 143Nd/144Nd±2σ εNd(t) fSm/Nd TDM(Ga) T2DM(Ga) 04KD20-6 5.81 23.0 0.153 0 0.512 371±0.000 008 -0.63 -0.222 1.955 1.642 04KD21-4 9.73 48.1 0.122 3 0.512 108±0.000 009 -2.55 -0.378 1.736 1.792 04KD23-1 9.64 54.9 0.106 1 0.512 076±0.000 011 -1.48 -0.460 1.521 1.708 04KD24-2 5.64 30.6 0.111 4 0.512 086±0.000 011 -1.84 -0.434 1.585 1.736 98KD71 5.98 32.3 0.111 9 0.512 306±0.000 009 +2.38 -0.431 1.268 1.406 98KD86 11.9 55.8 0.128 9 0.512 254±0.000 010 -0.38 -0.346 1.606 1.621 注：t=0.818 Ga；Sm、Nd含量采用ICP-MS测试结果；TDM=1/λSm×ln{[(143Nd/144Nd)sample-0.513 15]/[(147Sm/144Nd)sample-0.213 7]+1}；T2DM=TDM-(TDM-T)×(fCC-fS)/(fCC-fDM)；其中：fS、fCC和fDM分别为样品、平均大陆地壳和亏损地幔的fSm/Nd值，fSm/Nd=(147Sm/144Nd)sample/(147Sm/144Nd)CHUR-1，(147Sm/144Nd)CHUR=0.196 7；fCC=-0.4；fDM=0.085 92.
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