Quantitative Extraction of Deformation Parameters of Active Tectonics Based on CORONA Stereo Pairs
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摘要: 为了高效提取活动构造研究的定量参数, 利用美国解密的2 m分辨率CORONA KH-4B卫星立体像对, 实现了在JX4C数字摄影测量系统的立体测图, 并通过影像匹配的方法建立数字高程模型(DEM)和数字正射影像(DOM).通过以上方法, 以南天山库车冲断褶皱带为例, 利用覆盖该区的影像, 识别由活动断层和活动褶皱造成的第四纪沉积物的变形, 提取地表变形参数, 结合地震资料和野外测量, 分析地表变形特征的深部构造机理.结果表明, 经过处理的CORONA KH-4B像对可以在数字摄影测量系统下矢量测图, 相对定向精度在0.01 mm左右, 绝对定向精度在10 m左右.测量精度能够满足活动构造定量分析所需.该方法在地势复杂、人迹罕至区域研究中更具优势.Abstract: In order to efficiently extract quantitative parameters in active tectonics research, JX4C digital photogrammetric system has been used to found stereo model based on CORONA KH-4B stereo pairs with 2 m resolution, which were declassified in 1995 by USA for scientific purpose. Meanwhile, large scale digital elevation model (DEM) and digital orthophoto mapping (DOM) have been formed. These processing techniques are applied in a case study of the Kuqa fold-and-thrust belt in southern Tianshan, China, to quantitatively analyze the Kumugeliemu active fault and the Qiulitage active fault-related folds, considering the seismic reflection profiles therein and data from field measurements. Results show that the CORONA stereo pairs can be used in JX4C digital photogrammetric system, and root mean square error (RMS) of relative orientation is about 0.01 mm, while absolute orientation is about 10 m. Some parameters for deformation of river terrace and fault and fold scarps are identified and measured, which are helpful to reveal the characters of active tectonics. The processing techniques are feasible and effective particularly in remote settings with complex topology and the measurement precision can meet the requirement for analysis of active tectonics.
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图 1 (a) 南天山库车坳陷构造简图，标识该区发育的4排冲断褶皱带；(b)CORONA影像显示库姆格列木背斜西段河流冲-洪积扇和断层陡坎
Fig. 1. (a) Tectonics sketch of Kuqa area showing 4 fold-thrust belts; (b) CORONA imagary showing the alluvial fan and fault scarp in west of Kumugeliemu anticline
图 2 相对定向匹配点的分布及精度
a.18~24像对显示库姆格列木活动断层；b.25~31像对显示库车塔吾背斜南翼褶皱崖
Fig. 2. Accuracy and distribution of match points in relative orientation
图 4 库姆格列木断裂带西段地震剖面
蝌蚪线表示地表地层倾角，虚线表示背斜北翼生长地层，箭头指示断层逆冲方向
Fig. 4. Seismic reflection profile across the western segment of the Kumugeliemu fault belt
图 5 (a) CORONA影像显示库车塔吾背斜南翼库车河处岩层出露特征；(b)从DEM提取的地形剖面，显示地表褶皱和深部构造的关系；(c)DOM与DEM叠加生成的3维可视化，显示抬升的河流冲积扇及出露的岩层三角面
Fig. 5. (a) CORONA imagery showing the character of beds in the south of Kuchetaw anticline; (b) topographic profile extracted in DEM showing the relation between surface fold and subsurface structure; (c) DOM draped over DEM showing uplifted alluvial fan and triangular facets
表 1 相对定向和绝对定向精度
Table 1. Accuracy (RMS) of relative orientation and absolute orientation
像对DS1105-1007 位置 相对定向 绝对定向 匹配点数 中误差(mm) 最大误差(mm) 控制点数 中误差(m) M x M y M xy M z DF019-DA025 地势低缓区 122 0.006 0.013 3 0.606 1.004 1.173 0.030 DF025-A031 地势高陡区 155 0.003 0.007 4 10.162 8.245 13.086 3.444 注：Mx、My、Mz、Mxy表示JX4C数字摄影测量系统根据样本在绝对定向中计算的不同方向的中误差值. 
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