Relationship between Tectonic Evolution and Polymetallic Mineralization of the East Tianshan Plate Suture Zone
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摘要: 研究表明位于康古尔断裂和阿齐克库都克断裂之间的东天山板块缝合(区)带经历了4个阶段的演化过程, 即泥盆纪吐哈古大洋形成、早石炭世俯冲造山、晚石炭世碰撞造山以及二叠纪造山期后缝合带的进一步变形.自北而南划分为4个构造带, 共同组成了一个向下收敛的楔状缝合区(带).东天山的矿产严格受构造控制, 相应地从北向南分布有前缘推覆带斑岩型铜矿床→蛇绿混杂岩带铜(镍)硫化物矿床和韧性剪切带型金矿床→叠瓦岩片带矽卡岩型铜多金属矿床→热液型金矿床.这些类型的矿床集结成东天山地区4条大的成矿带: 康古尔断裂以北铜矿带, 金、铜镍硫化物矿床成矿带(北带), 阿齐山-雅满苏铁(铜)、银多金属成矿带(南带)和中天山地块铁、铅锌、银成矿带.Abstract: Previous researches indicate that the eastern Tianshan plate suture zone between Kangur and Aqqikkudug faults underwent four stages geological evolution, namely, the formation of Tupan-Hami ocean in Devonian, subduction-type orogeny in Early Carboniferous, collisional orogeny in Late Carboniferous and post orogenic further deformation of the plate suture in Permian. Four obvious tectonic belts of the East Tianshan suture zone can be subdivided from north to south, which constitute a downward convergent wedge-shaped suture zone. Distribution of ore deposits in the East Tianshan is controlled by tectonics. From north to south, they are porphyry copper deposits in the front nappe belt, magmatic Cu (Ni) sulfide deposits and ductile shear zone type gold deposits in the phiolite mélange belt, skarn type copper-ploymetallic deposits and hydrothermal gold deposits in the imbricate rock slices. The above different types in East Tianshan aggregate into four large metallogenic belts: copper metallogenic belt to the north of Kangur fault, gold, copper and nickel metallogenic belt (north belt), iron, copper, and silver polymetallic metallogenic belt of Yamansu-Aqqikkudug area (south belt), iron, lead-zinc and silver metallogenic belt.
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图 1 东天山构造格架与矿床分布(据王京彬等，2006修编)
1.中新生代沉积盖层；2.二叠纪陆相火山-沉积岩系；3.石炭纪火山-沉积岩系；4.奥陶-泥盆纪火山-沉积岩系；5.前寒武纪变质岩；6.花岗岩类；7.金矿床；8.铜矿床；9.铜镍硫化物矿床；10.铁矿床；11.铁铜矿床；12.铅锌矿床；13.银多金属矿床；14.多金属矿床；15.剪切带；16.板块缝合带；①康古尔断裂；②雅满苏断裂；③阿齐克库都克大断裂
Fig. 1. Map of the tectonic framework and deposit distribution in the East Tianshan Mountains
图 2 缝合带北侧前缘推覆带(疏纳诺尔褶断带)构造剖面
据新疆吐哈盆地南缘1∶20万成矿预测综合研究报告，1991修编
Fig. 2. 2Profile of the front nappe belt in north of the East Tianshan plate suture zone
图 3 东天山板块缝合带晚古生代构造演化示意图
Fig. 3. Schematic diagrams of Paleozoic tectonic evolution for East Tianshan plate suture zone
图 4 康－阿碰撞缝合带板块构造不同部位主要矿床形成规律示意图
Ⅰ.前缘推覆带；Ⅱ1.蛇绿混杂带；Ⅱ2.叠瓦岩片带；Ⅲ.后缘伸展变形带
Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of ore deposit distribution pattern in differnct plate tectonic positions of the Kangur-Aqqikkudug collision suture zone
表 1 研究区构造单元划分
Table 1. Tectonic unit division of research area
一级构造单元 二级构造单元 地壳属性 物质组成 构造样式 构造单元边界断裂 准噶尔板块 大南湖岛弧带 过渡型地壳 泥盆纪活动陆缘岛弧 前缘推覆带 康古尔断裂
雅满苏断裂
阿齐克库都克断裂康古尔－阿齐克库都克碰撞缝合带 北带 洋壳 早石炭世洋盆残片 蛇绿混杂岩片 南带 过渡型地壳 早石炭世岛弧残片、中石炭世弧后盆地残片 叠瓦岩片 塔里木板块 中天山岛弧带(地块) 陆壳 中元古代活动陆缘岛弧 后缘脆性变形带 
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